males and 116 females). Whole number admitted from the opening of the Retreat in 1824 to April 1, 1862, 3910, viz. 1833 males, 2077 females; discharged during the same period, 3689, viz. 1728 males and 1961 females. The percentage of deaths in 1861-2 upon the whole number of residents was 4.53, upon the daily average number, 7.65. The percentage of deaths since the opening of the institution upon the whole number admitted was 10.05; upon the whole number discharged, 10.65. The number of admissions since the opening of the institution have been highest in the month of July, and lowest in February; the total amount being 400 in July, and 249 in February. Among males, farmers were by far the most frequent subjects of insanity, the number being four times greater than merchants who came next, nearly five times as great as daylaborers, and more than ten times as great as that of mechanics. Among females, aside from domestic pursuits, teachers and domestics were most liable to insanity, and following these, in consecutive order, seamstresses, factory-girls, school-girls, tailoresses, and milliners. Of 2833 who had been admitted since April 1, 1843, 1381 were single, 1197 married, and 255 widowed. The receipts from all sources for the year ending April 1, 1862, were $55,687 54; the expenditures, including $7,576 70 for new buildings, $53,989 21. During the year a new museum and a bowlingalley for female patients were erected, and the grounds, which are extensive, laid out in admirable style after a plan furnished by Messrs. Olmsted and Vaux, the superintendents of the New York Central Park; and the erection of a conservatory and winter garden was projected. The cost of these improvements-over $11,000-was defrayed by a liberal subscription of friends of the institution. The price of board and medical care for patients belonging in the State is $3 per week for the ordinary accommodations, and additional charges when extra accommodations are required; for patients belonging to other States, $4 per week. No patient is admitted for a shorter term than three months, and advance payment must be made for that term to one of the managers; subsequent payments are made to the steward. Applications for aid from the State fund must be made by the friends of the patient to the Governor, and, on receiving his order, to the Superintendent of the Retreat. Applications in all other cases to be made to the Superintendent. The State paid for the support of insane patients during the year 1861-2, $9,408 23. The managers for the year 1862-3 are Samuel S. Ward, William T. Lee, and William R. Cone. STATE REFORM SCHOOL. This institution was established by act of Legislature in 1852, but was not opened till March, 1854. In April, 1861, there were remaining in the school 112 boys. During the year 77 were received, of whom 7 were sent by their friends as boarding pupils,-making the whole number of pupils during the year 189; 41 were discharged in various ways during the year, leaving in the institution, April 1, 1862, 148. Of the 41 discharged during the year, 5 were indentured; 7 were discharged by expiration of sentence, 1 as reformed, 9 to go into the army; 4 were delivered to their friends; 3 were discharged on parole of honor; 7 placed there as boarding pupils were removed by their friends; 2 were remanded to alternate sentence; 1 escaped, and 2 died. Of those committed during the year, 15 were. from Hartford county; 25 from New Haven county; 12 from Fairfield county; 6 from New London; 2 from Middlesex; 5 from Tolland; 3 from Windham; 1 from Litchfield; and 1 was re-committed. 69 were committed from the courts, besides the re-committal; 57 were committed during minority, or for periods ranging from 3 to 8 years; 60 were arrested for theft; 1 for burglary; 2, each, for assault and battery, malicious mischief, breach of peace, and disorderly conduct. The average age of the boys at the time of commitment was about 12 years; 11 were of foreign birth, and 58 born in the United States; but of these nearly one-third were children of foreign parents. The whole number com mitted since the opening of the school was 454, and 324 have been discharged; of whom 71 have been indentured; 106 discharged by expiration of sentence, 13 as reformed, 2 to go to sea, 10 to go into the army; 43 delivered to friends; 36 have escaped; 12 have been remanded to alternate sentence; 18 were boarders; 5 have died; and the remainder were discharged on parole or by courts or Legislature. Of the whole number received, 48 had lost both parents; 73 had lost their mothers, 110 their fathers; one or other of the parents of 177 were intemperate; 274 were themselves addicted to the use of intoxicating liquors; 365 were untruthful; 344 profane; 142 had previously been arrested once, 21 twice, 14 three times, and 16 four or more times. The whole expenditure of the school for the year was $13,905 47, and the total receipts $14,055 85, of which $2000 was a special grant from the Legislature; and $7,197 96 was received from the State Treasury for board of delinquents; $411 50 was received for boarders; $4,410 72 was received from the workshops and produce of farm sold. The farm attached to the school was at the time of its purchase in a very low condition, but has been greatly improved, and is becoming both valuable and profitable. The stock and produce sold, and on hand, and what was furnished from it to the school, in the year ending April 1, 1862, amounted to $5,545 49, while the expenditure for all purposes, including $353 80 paid for the labor of boys on the farm, was only $4.676 16,-showing a net profit of $869 33 for the year. The cost of the support of the boys per head per annum was $92 17, and their earnings $33 93 per head per annum. of the digestive organs; 219, or 3.19 per cent., of diseases of the circulative organs; 53, or 0.77 per cent., of diseases of the urinary organs; 126, or 1.83 per cent. of diseases of the generative organs; 37, or 0.54 per cent., of diseases of the locomotive organs (rheumatism, hip-disease, gout, &c.); 16, or 0.23 per cent., of diseases of the integumentative organs; 393, or 5.73 per cent., of old age; 311, or 4.54 per cent., by violence, including 31 cases of suicide, 116 of accidents, and 56 by drowning; in 666 cases the cause of death was unknown, and there were 214 still births. The number of both births and deaths was greater than in any previous year since 1848, when the system of regis THE STATE PRISON.-The State has but one convict prison, which is located at Wethersfield, about four miles from Hartford. The present warden is William Willard, the late warden, Daniel Webster, Esq., having been assassinated by a convict in March, 1862. The statistics of the prison for the year ending March 31, 1862, were as follows: number remaining in prison, March 31, 1861, 168; received during the year, 71; discharged during the year, 59, viz.: by expiration of sentence, 49, by order of General Assembly, 4, died, 6; leaving in confinement, March 31, 1862, 180; of whom 159 were for the first offence, and 21 re-commitments. Of those in the prison, 146 were white males, 16 colored males, 14 white females, 3 colored females, 1 (male) In-tration was adopted, the number of births exceeddían half-breed; 120 were Americans, and 60 foreigners; 24 were under 20 years of age; 18 were sentenced for life, and 9 for 10 years and over; 34 were committed for crimes against the person; 137 for crimes against property; and 9 for crimes against society. The receipts of the prison from all sources were $14,712 04; expenditures, $14,666 14. The prison has a library of about 1200 volumes, and $100 per annum is appropriated annually for its increase. Jail Returns.-In compliance with an act of the Legislature passed at the May session, 1861, quarterly returns were received by the Secretary of State from the jails of each county of the State, an abstract of which was embodied in a report to the Legislature at its May session, 1862. Statistics obtained from this report are presented on the following page. VITAL STATISTICS.-The State Librarian, Charles J. Hoadly, is by law the Registrar-General of the State. He reports for the year ending April 1, 1862, 11,934 births, of which 6,179 were males, 5687 females, and 68 not stated. Marriages, 3757, of which 3356 were between parties both of whom resided in the State, 332 in which the husband was a non-resident, 72 in which both were nonresidents, and 27 residence not stated. In 2529 both parties were American, 996 both foreign, 110 the wife foreign, and 115 the husband of foreign birth. The number of deaths was 7735, of whom 3793 were males, 3824 females, and in 118 cases the sex was not stated. Of the whole number of deaths, 1515 were under 1 year, 1125 between 1 and 5 years, 430 between 5 and 10, 476 between 10 and 20, 705 between 20 and 30, 583 between 30 and 40, 451 between 40 and 50, 503 between 50 and 60, 563 between 60 and 70, 682 between 70 and 80, 452 between 80 and 90, 106 between 90 and 100, and 4 above 100. In 140 cases, the age was not stated; 3546 (a little more than 1% of the whole) died under the age of 20; 1244 (not quite one-sixth of the whole) were over 70; 1739, or 25.38 per cent. of the whole, died of diseases of the respirative organs; 1978, or 28.86 per cent., of zymotic-i.e. epidemic, endemic, and contagious-diseases; 891, or 13 per cent., of diseases of the nerv-| ous organs; 743, or 10.84 per cent., of diseases of uncertain seat; 349, or 5.09 per cent., of diseases ing those of the previous year which was the highest by 61; and the deaths those of the previous year by 133. The marriages were 279 less than the previous year, and 529 less than in 1855. AGRICULTURE, ETC.-There is a State Agricultural Society, and a county society in each county, as well as some town societies. The State society holds an annual fair during the month of October, —usually in Hartford, where they have a fine park and grounds. Each of the county societies also hold a fair in September or October. The State makes a small grant of $150 to $200 to each county society for the promotion of their purposes. The amount thus granted in 1861-2 was $1480. MILITARY AFFAIRS.-At the commencement of the war, the military laws of Connecticut were very defective, and were couched in such terms that the Governor, though Commander-in-Chief, had no legal authority to call out the militia, as such, for service beyond the State limits. He accordingly made a call for volunteers, and within 22 days 54 companies offered and were accepted by the Governor. The President refusing to receive more than three regiments (30 companies) of threemonths men, the other 24 companies were disbanded; but 20 companies (two regiments) immediately volunteered for three years or during the war, and were accepted. For some months the General Government discouraged enlistments in the State, refusing to receive regiments, and over 2000 young men from Connecticut volunteered in regiments from other States. In August, the Secretary of War, after earnest solicitation, agreed to receive four more regiments of infantry, and, as more were offered, other regiments were subsequently raised and accepted. On the 1st of April, 1862, the volunteer soldiery raised and sent to the war by the State were as follows: three regiments infantry (1st, 2d, and 3d) three-months men, each regiment consisting of 780 men, mustered out after the expiration of their term of service; ten regiments of three-years men, viz.: the 4th regiment (1st Conn. artillery, 1713 men), 5th (1102 men), 6th (1008 men), 7th (1018 men), 8th (1027 men), 9th (845 men), 10th (996 men), 11th (920 men), 12th (1006 men), and 13th (1017 men), infantry regiments; one squadron (163 men); and 1 8 counties. 10 jails. 5 18.68 1,942 72 291 40 2,234 12 125 00 97 00 1,120 69 89 92 83 90 1,294 41 668 76 65 55 313 00 1,521 15 Windham. Brooklyn 66 59 Litchfield.. 89 78 16 Haddam...... 6 50 42 14 9.33 Tolland....... 4 27 25 6 5.6 220 1987 1962 234 201.61 $24,999 63 $3,742 12 $1,197 52 $29,919 27 $10,407 73 $1,790 49 $5,045 25| Including, for enlarging and improving the jail, $2,164 32; but not including cost of provisions, &c. $3,323 41 $23,790 37 Of these prisoners, 1471 were white males, and 288 white females; 113 colored males, and 33 colored females; 153 of the males and 42 of the females were under 21 years of age. There were 1416 adult males and 266 adult females; 776 were returned as born in the United States, and 748 in foreign countries; the nativity of the others was not stated: 452 of the whole number were committed for assault, and 85 for other crimes against the person; 331 for larceny, and 107 for other crimes against property; 672 for drunkenness, or as common drunkards; 15 for violation of liquor-laws; 16 for keeping houses of ill fame; 5 as insane; 1, each, for debt and vagrancy; and 324 for other offences not specified. one battalion (355 men) cavalry, and one light battery (156 men); making in all 13,666 men furnished for the defence of the country, besides more than 2000 who had enlisted elsewhere. Since that time, under the calls of the President, fifteen more regiments, consisting of 14,145 men, making 28 regiments in all, have been raised in the State, making the entire quota furnished by the State up to November 10, 1862, 28,551 men. one dollar annually as a commutation tax, and not to be liable to serve except in case of invasion of the State, rebellion, &c., when the Governor, as Commander-in-Chief, may order a draft from them of such number as may be necessary, taking into account in each town, in assigning its number to be drafted, the number already volunteered or in service as active militia. The active militia is composed of volunteer companies already organThe expenditure of the State for war purposes ized, or organized under the act, who must proto April 1, 1862, was $1,866,097 52, and was classi-vide themselves with uniforms, and muster for fied as follows: advances to the Quartermaster- drills, when called out, at least four days in each General's department, $1,169,778 08; to the Pay-year, and who may be turned over to the service master's department, $403,330 83; to the Commis- of the United States, on the requisition of the sary-General's department, $65,421 11; to town President or Secretary of War. They receive two authorities for bounty to families of volunteers, dollars a day, and five cents a mile for coming from $110,099 17; advances to town authorities for and returning to their respective towns, when outfits to volunteers, $40,635 66; advances for mustered for drill and camp duty, and are exempt purchases of arms imported, $76,832 67. Nearly from the commutation and capitation tax and two-thirds of this would eventually be refunded from jury duty; and if belonging to a cavalry corps, by the General Government, which had already two dollars per day is allowed for horse hire, and the given a certificate of indebtedness bearing interest horse and uniform are exempted from attachment for $606,000 in part payment. The expenditure for debt. Allowance is also made to the compa since April, 1862, in the fitting out of the new nies for armory-rent, music, &c. The active militia regiments and the payment of bounties, have constitute a division to be under the command of been very heavy, but cannot be definitely ascer- a major-general and the proper subordinate offitained. cers. All the commissioned officers are obliged to assemble once a year for an officers' drill under a competent drill-master, and receive compensation for their time while thus engaged. The Militia Law.-A militia law intended to provide for the organization and equipment of an efficient militia force was passed at the May session of the Legislature, 1861, but, proving defective in many particulars, it was materially modified in the session of 1862, and now provides for the enrolment of all able-bodied men in the State between the ages of 18 and 45, except the usual State and United States exempts, by the selectmen of the towns, to constitute the inactive militia; said inactive militia (except those who are minors) and all able-bodied exempts between 18 and 45 to pay POPULATION OF CONNECTICUT BY COUNTIES, 1850 AND 1860. Census Statistics.-The statistics of this State, as well as those of the other States, are given very fully in another part of this work (see CENSUS STATISTICS). We give, however, the following comparative table of population by counties, which is not contained in those statistics, as indicating in what sections of the State its very considerable growth during the last decade took place. Males. Fem. Total. Males. Fem. Total. Total. Males. Fem. Total. 1850. 1860. 36,614 39,186 75,800 1,456 790 886 1,676 59,775 77,476 671 648 1,319 69,967 89,962 577 534 289 163 184 1,429 942 60,387 1,508 145 20.091 20,709 31,081 34,747 Fairfield..... 28,185 30,134 58,319 The State ranks 31st in area, 24th in population, 3d in density of population, 4th in absolute increase of population, 5th in the value of its manufacturing products, and 11th in the valuation of its real and personal estate. The products of industry in 1860 are stated in round numbers at 8,627 370,792 460,147 | $83,000,000, and comprise a very great variety of articles, the most important items being cotton and woollen goods, boots and shoes, sewing-machines, India rubber goods, jewelry, silver and plated ware, furniture, &c. |