establishment of a Normal School in its stead. He also recommends the introduction of objectteaching and a uniformity in school-books throughout the State.

The amount of overdue or suspended paper in the 69 banks at that date was $776,115 37, and the probable loss on the same $124,339 31.

There were on the 1st of Jan. 1862, 16 savingsbanks in the State, of which two were incorporated during the previous year, and one was closing its affairs. The statistics of 14 of these banks were: number of depositors, 9758; amount due depositors, $1,620,270 26; profits, $88,691 14; assets, $1,708,961 40. The increase over the previous year in the amount of deposits was $153,812 70. The annual expenses of the whole 14 were only about $6000.

Maine Insane Hospital, at Augusta.-Henry M. Harlow, M.D., Superintendent and Physician; Richard L. Cook, M.D., Assistant Physician; Theodore C. Allan, Steward and Treasurer; Maria Johnson, Matron; Rev. John H. Ingraham, Chaplain. On the 30th of Nov. 1860, there were in the hospital 240 patients (131 males, 109 females). There were admitted during the year 135 patients (77 males and 58 females); making a total number of patients under treatment during the year of 875 (208 males and 167 females). There were discharged during the year ending Nov. 30, 1861, 123 patients (74 males and 49 females), leaving in the hospital at the close of the year (Nov. 30, 1861) 252 (133 males and 119 females); of those discharged there were, recovered, 55 (32 males and 23 females); improved, 25 (15 males and 10 females); unimproved, 16 (12 males and 4 females); died, 27 (15 males and 12 females). In the 21 years since the opening of the hospital in Oct. 1840, 2398 had been admitted and 2146 discharged; of whom there were recovered, 989; improved, 416; unimproved, 416; died, 325. During the year, a new heating and ventilating apparatus was introduced, at a cost of $13,638 32. The expenditures of the year for ordinary purposes were $35,254 03, and the receipts $33,945 05; besides

Immediate Resources..................................

$3,147,051 85

which, there was due to the hospital for board, clothing, &c., $7,944 80, and due by the hospital for outstanding bills, $3,919 75. The hospital has capacity for accommodating 250 patients. The price of board, washing, medicine, and attendance is fixed at $2 50 per week. The census of 1860, which is, however, evidently defective, gives the number of insane persons in the State as 704. The true number is probably not far from 1400.

State Prison at Thomaston.-Richard Tinker, Warden; P. R. Baker, Physician; Edward Freeman, Chaplain; number of convicts, Nov. 30, 1860, 112; received up to Nov. 30, 1861, 59; discharged up to same period by expiration of sentence, 29; pardoned, 13; removed to Alfred jail, 2; died, 2; total discharged, 46; remaining in prison, Nov. 30, 1861, 125: of these, 43 were committed for larceny; 13 for burglary; 2 for adultery; 8, each, for murder and arson; 4, each, for assault to kill, assault to ravish, and forgery; 22 for shop-breaking; 4 for manslaughter; 3 for uttering forged bills; 2, each, for robbery, and for robbing the mail; and 1, each, for incest, rape, conspiracy to cheat, perjury, polygamy, and malicious burning. The prison is conducted on the silent or Auburn system, and up to May 28, 1861, the labor of the convicts had been contracted for the wheelwright, shoemaking, blacksmithing, lime-quarrying, and basket-making businesses, the contractors supporting the convicts for their labor. The failure of the contractors at that time compelled the warden to carry on various branches of business on account of the State; and, owing to the loss of time and the purchase of the tools and machinery of the contractors, there was a considerable balance against the prison. The expenditures were $17,237 12, and the receipts $11,105 73. During the six months ending Nov. 30, 1861, the cost of subsistence of each convict averaged $17 95, equal to $35 90 fot the year.

State Reform School, Cape Elizabeth.-Seth Scammon, Superintendent. The whole number received from the opening of the school, November 14, 1853, to Nov. 30, 1861, was 621; of whom 481 have left, and 140 remain. The number of boys in the school, December 1, 1860, was 170; committed up to Nov. 30, 1861, 44; returned apprentices, and runaways, 6; total, 50; making 220 under instruction during the year: in the same time, 76 were discharged or apprenticed, 3 escaped, and 1 died; total, 80; making the number in the school, Nov. 30, 1861, 140 of those who have been committed to the school, 356 were for larceny; 6 for housebreaking; 73 as common runaways; 34 for truancy; 18, each, for assault and malicious mischief; 57 for vagrancy; 15 for shop-breaking; 14 for being idle and disorderly; 4 for malicious trespass; 5 for cheating by false pretences; 3, each, for being common drunkards and common pilferers; 4 as Sabbath-breakers; 2, each, for robbery and for disturbing the peace; and 1, each, for riot, setting fire to a school-house, threatening to burn, attempt to commit arson, embezzlement, night-walking, and assault with intent to kill. Of the 621 who were committed, 87 were of foreign birth, 454 natives of Maine, and 80 natives of other States. the whole number, 257 had intemperate parents; 304 had lost either father or mother; 162 had relatives in prison; 155 had step-parents; 328 were truants; 379 Sabbath-breakers; 514 untruthful; 482 profane; 134 drank ardent spirits; 222 had been previously arrested, and 91 imprisoned for crime; and 304 used tobacco. The farm connected with the school contains 160 acres, and is for the most part under good cultivation; the produce

Of

| from it in 1861 was estimated as worth $3,077 29. A part of the boys were employed in making tile and brick, and a considerable portion of the farm was ditched and underdrained with tile made on the premises. A shoe-shop and chair-shop on the premises had been closed most of the time for want of work. Some of the boys were occupied a part of the time in the sewing-room, making and mending clothes, and performing other sewing, and some in general work about the premises. The expenditure for the year ending March 31, 1861, was $19,799 95, and the receipts from all sources $20,561 38; of which, $13,000 was from the State, $3,169 74 from cities and towns, $2,638 31 from sale of brick, $667 22 from labor of boys, $584 51 from produce of farm sold, and $170 18 from all other sources. The receipts for the year ending March 31, 1862, were $15,954 05; of which but $1,073 61 was credited to labor,-and the expenditure $15,321. It was estimated by the trus tees that the farm, brick-yard, and other labor of the boys during the year ending March 31, 1863, would be $3800,-about $29 per head. A library of 942 volumes is attached to the school.

Indian Tribes in Maine.-There are in Maine remnants of two of the aboriginal tribes, the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy Indians, who live on reservations and are under the protection of the State, which allows them a sufficient sum for the support of their sick and poor and for the maintenance of schools and religious worship. An agent is appointed by the State for each tribe, who has the superintendence of their relations with the State, and acts as their guardian. Mr. James A. Purinton, agent of the Penobscot Indians, at

Oldtown, reports on the 14th Dec. 1861, that the whole number of persons belonging to the tribe is 506; that he had received from the Indian fund and other sources $5306, and had expended for annuities, schools, poor and sick, bounties, seed, labor, tools, and supplies on farm and repairs on farm-buildings, repairs on their chapel, and salary of agent, $7,428 01. They own 4482 acres of land, -islands in the Penobscot River. Of this amount about 1000 acres are under cultivation. By a judicious system of bounties, they have been stimulated to industry and improvement, and most of those capable of labor are employed either in agriculture or other pursuits. They have two good schools, and more than 100 can read, and about 40 can write. The estimated expenditure for the year ending Dec. 14, 1862, was $7,847 01. Mr. Geo. W. Nutt, agent of the Passamaquoddy Indians, who are located at Pleasant Point and Peter Dennis Point, on Passamaquoddy Bay, reports in December, 1861, that the number of the tribe is 463, that the money received for them was $2125, and the expenditures were $2,969 39, the excess being mainly for agricultural bounties authorized, but for which no appropriation had been made. 121 of the members of the tribe were engaged in agricultural labor, and others in hunting the porpoise, in which they were very successful. They had two schools, which were attended by 67 children. There is a Catholic priest stationed among them, who gives them religious instruction. The tribe is improving in industry, temperance and self-reliance.

THE VOLUNTEER ARMY FROM MAINE.-Up to the 20th of Oct. 1862, Maine had sent into the field, besides 3 regiments of three-months men sent under the President's call of April 15, 1861, 27 regiments infantry, one regiment cavalry, one regiment mounted artillery, six batteries, and one company sharpshooters, making a total force of over 30,000

men.

Of these, the 1st cavalry, and the 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 10th, 11th and 16th infantry were at that time in the Army of the Potomac, under General McClellan; the 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 23d, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, and 28th infantry, the mounted artillery, all the batteries, and the sharpshooters, were near Washington; the 8th infantry were at Port Royal, S.C.; the 9th infantry at Fernandina, Florida; the 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th, in the Department of the Gulf, the 12th being stationed at New Orleans, the 13th at the forts below that city, and the 14th and 15th at Pensacola. The 7th infantry, Col. E. C. Mason, formerly with the Army of the Potomac, having been decimated by battle and sickness, was sent to Maine to recruit by special order of the War Department and General McClellan.

SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF MAINE.-A scientific corps was organized in the State in 1861, for the purpose of making a thorough scientific exploration of the State under the direction of the State Government.

It consisted of Ezekiel Holmes, Naturalist; Charles H. Hitchcock, Geologist; George L. Goodale, Botanist and Chemist; John C. Houghton, Mineralor gist; Alpheus S. Packard, Jr., Entomologist; and Charles B. Fuller, Marine Zoologist.

They have published an octavo report of 368 pages, with illustrations, besides a number of articles in the Proceedings of the Portland Society of Natural History. They have made important additions to geology by exploring the new lands of the State which had never before been visited by scientific men. Belts of fossiliferous, Silurian, and Devonian rocks have been traced over scores of miles where all was before a blank. They have made valuable discoveries of gold, copper, lead, tin, and iron ores,-particularly of a variety of ironore better suited for the manufacture of iron plates for gunboats than any other known to exist in the United States. Fine quarries of roofing-slate and of statuary marble have also been pointed out where their existence was not formerly suspected.

While aiming at the development of the physical resources of the State, the Surveyors regard the technically scientific results of exploration as of the highest importance, and propose to prepare such descriptions of all the natural objects in their field as will enable the people at large to understand and profit by them. Their careful study of the distribution of the indigenous floras indicates that the different parts of the State are characterized by different plants, and even that the climate is warmer in a portion of Aroostook county than in some portions of the State farther south.

AGRICULTURE.-There are no statistics by which the agriculture of Maine can be compared from year to year. By the United States Census it ap pears that from 1850 to 1860 the number of acres in farms had increased 30 per cent., and their value had increased 43 per cent. Value of farm implements and machinery had increased 44 per cent. Farm-animals had increased in numbers only 62 per cent., but their improvement was such that the value was increased 59 per cent. The value of slaughtered animals had increased 68 per cent. Its largest agricultural products are hay, in the production of which it ranks as the fifth State of the Union, potatoes, in which it stands fourth, and buckwheat.

There is a State Board of Agriculture, consisting of one member from each county, holding an annual session at the capital. 15,000 copies of the octavo volume on Agriculture in Maine, consisting of the Report of the Secretary of the Board, with Abstracts of the returns of Agricultural Societies, are annually published for distribution among the farmers of the State.

There is also a State Agricultural Society, and twenty-seven County Societies holding annual

exhibitions.