attack the detachment; and, after hard fighting, had driven it five miles back, across the Hatchie, towards Corinth, having taken two guns and three hundred prisoners. Ord came up on the following day, October 5, and took command. The fighting was severe. Late in the afternoon, General Ord fell, severely wounded, and General Hurlbut assumed the command. The disheartened rebels, battle-worn and weary with the rapid flight, were driven by Ord's impetuosity to make a wide circuit, and cross the Hatchie at Crum's Mill, six miles

GENERAL ORDERS, No. 88.

HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF WEST TENNESSEE,
JACKSON, TENN., October 7, 1862.

It is with heartfelt gratitude the general commanding congratulates the armies of the West for another great victory won by them on the 3d, 4th, and 5th instant, over the combined armies of Van Dorn, Price, and Lovell.

The enemy chose his own time and place of attack, and knowing the troops of the West as he does, and with great facilities for knowing their numbers, never would have made the attempt, except with a superior force numerically. But for the undaunted bravery of officers and soldiers, who have yet to learn defeat, the efforts of the enemy must have proven successful.

Whilst one division of the army, under Major-General Rosecrans, was resisting and repelling the onslaught of the rebel hosts at Corinth, another, from Bolivar, under Major-General Hurlbut, was marching upon the enemy's rear, driving in their pickets and cavalry, and attracting the attention of a large force of infantry and artillery. On the following day, under Major-General Ord, these forces advanced with unsurpassed gallantry, driving the enemy back across the Hatchie, over ground where it is almost incredible that a superior force should be driven by an inferior, capturing two of the batteries (eight guns), many hundred small-arms, and several hundred prisoners.

To those two divisions of the army all praise is due, and will be awarded by a grateful country.

Between them there should be, and I trust are, the warmest bonds of brotherhood. Each was risking life in the same cause, and, on this occasion, risking it also to save and assist the other. No troops could do more than these separate armies. Each did all possible for it to do in the places assigned it. As in all great battles, so in this, it becomes our fate to mourn the loss of many brave and faithful officers and soldiers, who have given up their lives as a sacrifice for a great principle. The nation mourns for them. By command of

JOHN A. RAWLINS, A. A. G.

MAJOR-GENERAL U. S. GRANT

above. Rosecrans was recalled from the pursuit, and Grant was master of the field for future movements.

On the receipt of the intelligence at Washington, Mr. Lincoln telegraphed his congratulations, and asked the question : "How does it all sum up?" This is a significant inquiry, which we may now answer. The brief campaign had demonstrated the clearness of Grant's military judgment, and the admirable interrelation of his plans. Doubtful of the purposes of Price and Van Dorn, he lured the former onward to Iuka, to obtain the desired information. When he found that they were in collusion, and that Price was trying to draw him off, that Van Dorn might attack, he calculated his time, sent Ord and Rosecrans to whip Price, and to return in time to beat Van Dorn. Van Dorn, foolhardily, advanced on Corinth, and Grant, confiding that part to Rosecrans, set a trap for Van Dorn's retreat. All this was clock-work, calculated to hours, if not to minutes.

Of the principal officers on both sides, we may draw hasty pen-and-ink sketches, which we believe will be recognized by their acquaintance:

ROSECRANS. This general, a graduate of West Point, in the engineers, of 1842, is active, earnest, and especially enthusiastic. He became a Roman Catholic, after having been a very devout Episcopalian, and is a proselyter. Having found what he thinks the good way, he spares no efforts to bring others into it. Cheerful, easy of access, careless in matters of dress and show, his hold on his army is by means of his knowledge, his intense interest in the least of his military duties, and his great valor in the field. The reputation gained by his successes in West Virginia, and his victories at Iuka and Corinth, was increased by the battle of Stone River, and somewhat impaired by that of the Chickamauga.

ORD.-Ord is essentially a fighting man, on the lookout for a chance of battle, and yet not wanting in that cool judgment which makes the general. His defeat of Stuart's rebel brigade, at Drainesville, was of great moral value at the time, and drew from his friend and fellow-brigadier, John F. Reynolds,

himself a fighting general, the remark: "Confound that fellow! I knew, if there was a fight to be scared up, Ord would find it."

VAN DORN.-This doughty Confederate cavalier, of Rosecrans' class at West Point, has greatly astonished his old associates. West Point men of his time remember him as a small, handsome, modest youth, literally at the foot of his class. In Mexico, he was on the staff of General P. F. Smith, and was very popular; for, to his other qualities he added dashing bravery. His conspicuous course in the rebel interests, at the breaking out of the war, deceived them into thinking him a general. A good soldier he certainly wasbrave, dashing, a splendid horseman; but he lacked head, and was always taking his men into culs de sacs. He died by the hand of a man who believed that he had seduced his wife.

PRICE. As a general, Price was inferior to Van Dorn; for to want of head he added want of knowledge. His march with Doniphan was not soldiering, and he had no experience. He was at swords' points with the regular Confederate officers.

CHAPTER XII.

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE.

THE EXTENT OF GRANT'S COMMAND.-DISTRICTS.-RETROSPECT.-WILLIAMS' CANAL.-
FARRAGUT'S FLEET. THE ARKANSAS DESTROYED.-GRANT MOVES.-PEMBERTON IN
COMMAND OF THE REBEL ARMY.-GRANT'S ARMY AND STAFF.-'
-TRADE.-THE VALUE
OF VICKSBURG.-PORT HUDSON. THE TALLAHATCHIE.-HOVEY'S MOVEMENT.-
THE PROSPECt bright.-MURPHY'S SURRENDER.-SHERMAN'S EXPEDITION TO VICKS-
BURG.-UNSUCCESSFUL.-ARKANSAS POST.-ARMY CORPS.-EMANCIPATION PROCLA-
MATION, AND COLORED TROOPS.

By general orders from the War Department, bearing date of October 16, 1862, General Grant was assigned to the extended command entitled the Department of the Tennessee. He had virtually exercised it before, since the departure of General Halleck; but he officially assumed it, by a general order, on the 25th of October. It included Cairo, Forts Henry and Donelson, Northern Mississippi, and those portions of Tennessee and Kentucky west of the Tennessee River. His headquarters were at Jackson, Tennessee, from which he could most conveniently organize and arrange for supplies and re-enforcements to carry out his new plans-plans, as the sequel proved, of colossal dimensions, and testing the utmost endeavors of a great commander. Buell having been defeated at Perryville on the 8th of October, Bragg began a leisurely retreat on the 12th; and, to expedite it, Rosecrans superseded Buell on the 30th.

Grant's first care was to make a provisional division of his department into districts. His force was in four divisions, and they were thus posted: Major-General Sherman, with the first division, commanded the district of Memphis; MajorGeneral Hurlbut, with the second, that of Jackson. The district of Corinth was in charge of Brigadier-General C. S.

Hamilton, with the third division; and that of Columbus was in charge of Brigadier-General T. A. Davies, with the fourth.

His executive and administrative ability were now displayed in preparations for the new campaign, and, not less, in his control of the conquered territory which he commanded. He republished and carried out the judicious order of General Halleck (No. 160), principally limiting the kinds and numbers of army trains, baggage, etc., cutting down these impedimenta to the smallest figure, both for officers and men; and he set the example so rigorously himself, that during the ensuing campaign, his own baggage was said to be a toothbrush: nothing more-not even a clean shirt.

Vicksburg, not within his command, but in the Department of the Gulf, was the grand objective point, blocking the river, and daily growing stronger. It was a problem of very difficult solution: the greater honor to him who should work it out.

RETROSPECT OF OPERATIONS ON THE RIVER.

To preserve the chronological order, let us state, very briefly, what had been already attempted in the Department of the Gulf. The grand co-operation of the fleet needs, and will have, its own historian: we can only now refer to it briefly, to subserve our present purpose. Memphis, notwithstanding Montgomery's boasts and the sure hopes of the citizens, had fallen on the 6th of June.

On the 20th, the gallant Brigadier-General Thomas Williams had left Baton Rouge, and gone up to Vicksburg, with four regiments and eight field-guns. On the 25th he was off Vicksburg, and, unmolested, had begun to cut a navigable canal across the sharp turn of the river, which, if successful, would change the channel, and throw the city and its defences six miles inland. It was apparently a light task, and with twelve hundred negroes, taken from the neighboring plantations, was rapidly carried to completion; but alas! when, on