This was the sober calculation of a State by the strongest fortress in the Union, Commissioner, accompanying an exact and defended by men-of-war armed with estimate of the damage sustained by the guns of the heaviest calibre, lay upon General Government, and the benefit our northeastern frontier. A hastily derived by the rebel Confederacy. It raised militia was all we had to depend may interest the reader to peruse along- upon in the conflict. But in a moment side of it the peculiar reflections on the every thing seemed changed in a way same occurrences, from a somewhat dif- more than natural. Skillful officers sprang ferent point of view, taken by an eminent from every direction into the arena. divine of the Southern States. The ven- Armed men arose as if from the dragon's erable Bishop Elliott of Georgia, an teeth which the Abolitionists had been honored head of the Episcopal Church, sowing for years. And fear seemed to in a sermon entitled "God's presence fall upon our enemies-unaccountable with the Confederate States," preached fear. Officers who had never quailed beat Savannah on the 13th of June follow- fore any living man-soldiers who had ing-a fast day appointed by President borne the old flag to victory wherever it Jefferson Davis-saw fit thus to discourse had waved over them--navies which had of the capture of Sumter, the unavoidable moved defiant over the world-all, all surrender, brought about by Southern seemed paralyzed. That large border treason, of the national troops in Texas, army surrendered to militia without a and especially the great gain to the Con- blow-that gallant armament, made up federacy of the abandonment of the Navy of the same fleet which had run in the Yard at Norfolk. "If we turn," says revolution into the Thames, which had he, "from the financial to the military defied the Algerine batteries, which had affairs of the Confederate States, we brought Austria to terms in the Levant, perceive the same visible presence of which had spit its fire into the face of the God in our concerns. In the beginning almost impregnable fortress of St. Juan of this movement we appeared to have d'Ulloa, stood inert and saw a gallant no resources wherewith to meet the im- soldier, who was upholding their own flag, mense preponderance of power that was beaten out of his own fortress by sand against us. They had armies, navies, batteries and volunteers. That immense armories, manufactories, every thing that navy yard, with its vast resources, with its could conduce to their strength-for- great power of resistance, with its huge tresses bristled in our midst, and aimed fortress at its back, with its magnificent their guns against the people they had men-of-war all armed and shotted, was been built to protect-a large, well- deserted in an unaccountable panic beordered army stood upon our Texan cause of the threats of a few almost unfrontier quite in a condition to have in-armed citizens, and the rolling during the vaded and embarrassed us--a large arma- night of well-managed locomotives. And ment was fitted out to strike at the heart nowhere could this panic have occurred of South Carolina, which was considered more seasonably for us, because it gave the soul of the rebellion-a navy yard us just what we most needed, arms and of immense resources, filled with arms, ammunition and heavy ordnance in great and ammunition, and ordnance, supported abundance. All this is unaccountable upon any ordinary grounds. But two said one to another, Lo, the King of Israel hath hired against us the King of the Hittites and the Kings of the Egyptians, to come upon us. Wherefore they arose and fled in the twilight and left their tents and their horses, and their asses, even the camp as it was, and fled for their life." So the South sounded its "And they triumph. days before, a naval officer of very high rank had reported to head-quarters at Washington that this navy yard was impregnable. Is not this very like the noise of chariots and the noise of horses, even the noise of a great host, which the Syrians were made to hear when the Lord would deliver Israel? CHAPTER XI. THROUGH BALTIMORE. of Pepperell. Its members were residents of Essex and Middlesex Counties, with its head-quarters at Lowell. Within 18 hours after the reception of orders. from the Governor it was on its way to Boston. On the morning of the 18th it passed through New York and, contrary to the prophecies of the Southern sympathizers, met with a triumphant reception in that city. Instead of the streets flowing with blood in a civil encounter, according to the predictions of the political croakers who had talked defiantly of the people never permitting Eastern troops to pass through the city to control the Southerners, the men of New England when they arrived were regarded with respect and admiration for their readiness and energy, while many a heartfelt wish was expressed for their safety and success in their patriotic mission. INTERMEDIATE between these two nights the command of Colonel Edward F. Jones of terror and devastation at Harper's Ferry and Gosport, a scene occurred at Baltimore on the forenoon of the 19th, which was regarded as an ominous indication of the impending struggle. In response to the call upon the States by the President, no one had shown greater alacrity than Governor Andrew of Massachusetts. Keen-sighted to discern the approach of the war, and sensitively alive to the danger to which the Capital was exposed, he had put the militia of his State in readiness for the service which he felt could not be distant. His men were ready at the first summons, and it was his honorable boast afterwards to the Legislature of his State, that "by nine o'clock on the Sabbath morning following the Monday on which the first telegram was received, the whole number of regiments demanded from Massachusetts were already either in Washington or in Fortress Monroe or on their way to the defence of the National Capital." The first of these detachments which went forward was the Sixth Regiment, numbering about 700 men, under The regiment reached Philadelphia by railway the same day, and early the next morning was forwarded to Baltimore. Here they were met by an outbreak of that ill-feeling and active APPREHENSIONS OF VIOLENCE. malevolence, which at one time it had * The 163 receive us." Fully conscious of the dif ficulty of his position, he announced his intention in the future, as it had been his endeavor in the past, to preserve the people of Maryland from civil war, and invoked the assistance of every true and loyal citizen to aid him to that end. The mayor of the city of Baltimore, George William Brown, also issued a Proclamation, in which he spoke of the great division of opinion existing in relation te "subjects of the gravest political importance, and the consequent apprehensions which had arisen in the minds of many that violations of the peace might occur, and earnestly invoked all good citizens to refrain from every act leading to outbreak or violence, and to render prompt assistance to the public authorities, whose efforts would be exerted to maintain the peace of the city. The occasion for this interference was now at hand. The outbreak at Baltimore We have seen the answer to the which these precautionary addresses evisummons of the President given by dently anticipated, arose on the morning Governor Hicks, in his Proclamation of the 19th, with the arrival of the train of the 18th of April. "In conse- from Philadelphia bringing the Massaquence," he then said, "of our pecu-chusetts regiment, accompanied by a liar position, it is not to be expected body of unarmed Pennsylvania troops. that the people of the State can unanimously agree upon the best mode of preserving the honor and integrity of the State, and of maintaining within her limits that peace so earnestly desired by all good citizens. The emergency is great. The consequences of a rash step will be fearful. It is the imperative duty of every true son of Maryland to do all that he can to arrest the threatened evil. I therefore counsel the people in all earnestness, to withhold their hands from whatever may tend to precipitate us into the gulf of discord and ruin gaping to * Ante, p. 127. The cars reached the President street depot on the northern side of the city about ten o'clock, when its arrival was the signal for the collection of a crowd evidently bent upon opposing the further passage of the troops. To pursue their route to Washington it was necessary that they should traverse a portion of the city from one station to another in cars drawn by horses. As Colonel Jones' regiment was thus passing through Pratt street, the cars were assailed with stones torn from the pavement and other missiles, and the way was greatly impeded * Proclamation of Mayor Brown. April 17, 1861. by the throng. A number of the cars, however, made their way through, the soldiers remaining quietly within, offering no resistance to the assaults and insults of the populace. Four companies were yet left in the cars in the rear, when word was brought to them that the rails were so blocked by heavy anchors, which lay at hand in the neighborhood, being thrown across them, that the passage was no longer practicable. The mob, meanwhile, pleased with its efforts, was cheering lustily for the South, for Jefferson Davis, South Carolina and Secession, with groans for sundry obnoxious parties." In this emergency, the Massachusetts men who were left, determined to alight and proceed through the city as best they could and join their comrades at the Washington depot. A consultation was held, and the command assigned to Captain Albert S. Follansbee of Lowell. "I immediately," says that officer," informed Captain Pickering of the Lawrence Light Infantry, and we filed out of the cars in regular order. Captain Hart's company of Lowell and Captain Dike's of Stoneham did the same, and formed in a line on the sidewalk. The captains consulted together, and decided that the command should devolve upon me. I immediately took my position at the right, wheeled into column of sections, and requested them to march in close order. Before we had started, the mob was upon us, with a secession flag attached to a pole, and told us we never could march through that city. They would kill every white nigger of us before we could reach the other depot. I paid no attention to them, but after I had wheeled the battalion gave the order to march. As soon as the order was given, the brickbats began to fly into our ranks from the mob. I called a policeman, and requested him to lead the way to the other depot. He did so. After we had marched about a hundred yards, we came to a bridge. The rebels had torn up most of the planks. We had to play Scotch hop' to get over it. As soon as we had crossed the bridge they commenced to fire upon us from the streets and houses. We were loaded but not capped. I ordered the men to cap their rifles and protect themselves; and then we returned their fire and laid a great many of them away. I saw four fall on the sidewalk at one time. They followed us up, and we fought our way to the other depot-about one mile. They kept at us till the cars started. Quite a number of the rascals were shot after we entered the cars. We went very slowly, for we expected the rails were torn up along the road. I do not know how much damage we did. Report says about forty were killed, but I think this is exaggerated. Still, it may be so. There is any quantity of them wounded. Quite a number of horses were killed. The mayor of the city met us almost half way. He said that there would be no more trouble, and that we could get through, and kept with us for about a hundred yards; but the stones and balls whistled too near his head, and he left, took a gun from one of my company, fired and brought his man down. That was the last I saw of him. We fought our way to the cars and joined Colonel Jones and the seven companies that left us at the other end of the city." Two Massachusetts soldiers were slain on the *Letter of Captain Follansbee, dated from Washington, published in the Lowell Courier. Squier's Pictorial His tory, p. 22. Colonel Edward F. Jones' official report to Major Clemence, Adjutant of General Butler. Washington, April 22, 1861. THE BALTIMORE RIOT. 165 spot in this murderous and unprovoked deposited in the cars and sent back to assault upon good citizens called to the Philadelphia.** discharge of an onerous and honorable Immediately on receiving intelligence public duty, and acting in direct obe- of these events, Governor Andrew of dience to the highest authority of the Massachusetts addressed the following nation. Their names were Addison O. telegraphic message to the Mayor of BaltiWhitney and Luther C. Ladd, from more :-"Sir, I pray you to cause the Lowell. Nine others were wounded, bodies of our Massachusetts soldiers dead one of them, Sumner H. Needham of in Baltimore to be immediately laid out, Lawrence, mortally. Captain Dike re- preserved in ice and tenderly sent forceiving a severe wound in the leg was ward by express to me. All expenses taken up and cared for by some brother will be paid by this Commonwealth." Masons. Nine citizens of Baltimore To this Mayor Brown replied the same were killed, and an unknown number day. No one," said he, "deplores the wounded. On going through the train sad events of yesterday in this city more on its way to Washington, about one deeply than myself, but they were inhundred and thirty of the Massachu- evitable. Our people viewed the passetts men were found missing. The cars sage of armed troops of another State were assailed with stones on leaving, and through the streets as an invasion of our one of the attacking party was killed by soil, and could not be restrained. The a shot fired by one of the soldiers. authorities exerted themselves to the best of their ability, but with only partial success. Governor Hicks was present, and concurs in all my views as to the proceedings now necessary for our protection. When are these scenes to cease? Are we to have a war of sections? God forbid! The bodies of the Massachusetts soldiers could not be sent on to Boston as you requested: all communication between this city and Philadelphia by railroad, and with Boston by steamers, having ceased; but they have been placed in cemented coffins, and will be placed with proper funeral ceremonies in the mausoleum of Green Mount Cemetery, where they shall be retained until further directions are received from you. The wounded are tenderly cared for. I appreciate your offer, but Baltimore will claim it as her right to pay all expenses incurred." The answer of Governor The Pennsylvania troops arriving after the rest remained at the depot in the cars, and, being unarmed, did not attempt the passage of the city. General Small, the officer in command, was anxious that they should retire from the danger, but before this could be accomplished, the mob, turning from the attack upon the Massachusetts men, assailed them in the cars with missiles, breaking the windows and inflicting considerable personal injury. Numbers of the Pennsylvanians sprang to the ground, and were there set upon by the infuriated populace. Some took refuge in the neighboring houses, and others continued the fight, while Marshal Kane assisted by "some noble-hearted and fearless citizens" endeavored to arrest the combat, which was carried on in the utmost confusion, as the soldiers being ununiformed as well as without arms, it was difficult to distinguish friend from foe. Most of the troops were finally safely President of Board of Police. Baltimore, May 3, 1861. * Letter of Geo. P. Kane, Marshal, to Charles Howard, |