shocking to all moral sense, of multiplying human beings for the slave-market.

"A slaveholder writing to me with regard to my cautious statements on this subject, made in the Daily Times, says: In the States of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri, as much attention is paid to the breeding and growth of negroes as to that of horses and mules. Further South, we raise them both for use and for market. Planters command their girls and women (married or unmarried) to have children; and I have known a great many negro girls to be sold off, because they did not have children. A breeding woman is worth from one-sixth to one-fourth more than one that does not breed."" p. 55.

"A gentleman told me that his proportion of working hands was somewhat smaller than usual, 'because his women were uncommonly good breeders; he did not suppose there was a lot of women anywhere that bred faster than his; he never heard of babies coming so fast as they did on his plantation; it was perfectly surprising; and every one of them, in his estimation, was worth two hundred dollars, as negroes were selling now, the moment it drew breath."'

p. 57.

"It is, perhaps, necessary that I should explain that licentiousness and almost indiscriminate sexual connection among the young is very general, and is a necessity of the system of Slavery. A Northern family that employs slavedomestics, and insists upon a life of physical chastity in its female servants, is always greatly detested; and they frequently come to their owners and beg to be taken away, or not hired again, though acknowledging themselves to be kindly treated in all other respects. A slave-owner told me this of his own girls hired to Northern people." pp. 132, 33.

"It is a general custom of white people here to leave their illegitimate children, by slaves, (and they are very common,) in slavery." p. 127.

"On the gallery of the hotel, after dinner, a fine looking man-who was on the best of terms with every one-familiar with the judge-and who had been particularly polite to me, at the dinner-table, said to another:

"I hear you were very unlucky with that girl you bought of me last year?? 'Yes, I was; very unlucky. She died with her first child, and the child died, too.' 'Well, that was right hard for you. She was a fine girl. I don't reckon. you lost less than five thousand dollars, when she died.'No, sir; not a dollar less.' 'Well, it came right hard upon you-just beginning so.' 'Yes, I was. foolish, I suppose, to risk so much on the life of a single woman; but I've got. a good start again, now, for all that. I've got two right likely girls; one of them's got a fine boy, four months old, and the other's with child.""

pp. 646, 47.. "He added further evidence of a similar character, indicating that a very slight value is placed upon female virtue among this class, (poor whites.) A Southern physician expressed the opinion to me that if an accurate record could be had of the births of illegitimate children, as in Sweden and France, it would be. found to be as great, among the poor people in the part of the country in which he practiced, as of those born in wedlock. A planter told me that any white girl who could be hired to work for wages would certainly be a girl of easy virtue;. and he would not believe that such was not the case with all our female domesties at the North. The Northern gentleman who related to me the facts repeated on the last page, told me he was convinced that real chastity among the young women of the non-slaveholding class in South Carolina was as rare as the want of it among farmers' daughters at the North. I can only say, in the absence of reliable data upon the subject, that the difference in the manners and conversation and general demeanor of the two is not unfavorable to this conclusion.

"I am not unaware that it is often asserted, as an advantage of slavery, (in the elaborate defense of the institution by Chancellor Harper, for instance,) that the ease with which the passions of men of the superior caste are gratified

by the loose morality, or inability to resist, of female slaves, is a security of the chastity of the white women. I can only explain this, consistently with my impression of the actual state of things, by supposing that these writers ignore entirely, as it is a constant custom for Southern writers to do, the condition of the poorer class of the white population. (Witness, for instance, Mrs. Tyler's letter to the Duchess of Sutherland.) pp. 508, 9.

"There is one, among the multitudinous classifications of society in New Orleans, which is a very peculiar and characteristic result of the prejudices, vices, and customs of the various elements of color, class, and nation, which have been there brought together.

"I refer to a class composed of the illegitimate offspring of white men and colored women, (mulattoes or quadroons,) who, from habits of early life, the advantages of education, and the use of wealth, are too much superior to the negroes, in general, to associate with them, and are not allowed by law, or the popular prejudice, to marry white people. The girls are frequently sent to Paris to be educated, and are very accomplished. They are generally pretty, and often handsome. I have rarely, if ever, met more beautiful women, than one or two of them, that I saw by chance, in the streets.

"Their beauty and attractiveness being their fortune, they cultivate and cherish with diligence every charm or accomplishment they are possessed of. "Of course, men are attracted by them, associate with them, are captivated, and become attached to them, and, not being able to marry them legally, and with the usual forms and securities for constancy, make such arrangements 'as can be agreed upon.'

"Everything being satisfactorily arranged, a tenement in a certain quarter of the town is usually hired, and the couple move into it and go to housekeeping-living as if they were married.

The women of this sort are represented to be exceedingly affectionate in disposition, and constant beyond reproach.

During all the time a man sustains this relation, he will commonly be moving, also, in reputable society on the other side of the town; not improbably, eventually he marries, and has a family establishment elsewhere. Before doing this, he may separate from his placée, (so she is termed.) If so, he pays her according to agreement, and as much more, perhaps, as his affection for her, or his sense of the cruelty of the proceeding, may lead him to; and she has the world before her again, in the position of a widow. Many men continue, for a long time, to support both establishments-particularly, if their legal mar. riage is one de convenance. But many others form so strong attachments, that the relation is never discontinued, but becomes, indeed, that of marriage, except that it is not legalized or solemnized.

me;

I have described this custom as it was described to I need hardly say in only its best aspects. The crime and heart-breaking sorrow that must fre quently result from it, must be evident to every reflecting reader. pp. 594, 7. "Mrs. Douglass, a Virginia woman, who was tried, convicted and punished, a year or two since, for teaching a number of slaves to read, contrary to law, says, in a letter from her jail:

"This subject demands the attention, not only of the religious population, but of statesmen and law-makers. It is one great evil hanging over the Southern slave States, destroying domestic happiness, and the peace of thousands. It is summed up in the single word-amalgamation. This, and this only, causes the vast extent of ignorance, degradation and crime, that lies like a black cloud over the whole South. And the practice is more general than even the South

erners are willing to allow.

"Neither is it to be found only in the lower order of the white population. It pervades the entire society. Its followers are to be found among all ranks, occupations and professions. The white mothers and daughters of the South have suffered under it for years-have seen their dearest affections trampled upon-their hopes of domestic happiness destroyed, and their future lives em

bittered, even to agony, by those who should be all in all to them, as husbands, sons, and brothers. I cannot use too strong language in reference to this subject, for I know that it will meet with a heartfelt response from every Southern woman.'

"A negress was hung this year in Alabama, for the murder of her child. At her trial, she confessed her guilt. She said her owner was the father of the child, and that her mistress knew it, and treated it so cruelly in consequence, that she had killed it to save it from further suffering, and also to remove a provocation to her own ill-treatment.

"A large planter told me the reason he sent his boys to the North to be educated was, that there was no possibility of their being brought up in decency at home. Another planter told me that he was intending to move to a free country on this account. He said that the practice was not occasional or general, it was universal. There is not,' he said, 'a likely-looking black girl in this State, that is not the paramour of a white man. There is not an old plantation in which the grandchildren of the owner are not whipped in the field by his overseer.'" pp. 601, 2.

"The various grades of the colored people are designated by the French in Louisiana, as follows, according to the greater or less predominance of negro blood:

"And all these, with the sub-varieties of them, French, Spanish, English, and Indian, and the sub-sub-varieties, such as Anglo-Indian-mulatto, I believe experts pretend to be able to distinguish. Whether distinguishable or not, it is certain they all exist in New Orleans." p. 583.

We have not the heart to add any comment to these shocking and mortifying testimonies, chiefly from southern people themselves, except a word, which we cannot restrain, of indig nation and contempt for the canting hypocrisy and dirty calumny of southern congressmen, editors, and others, who inveigh against the anti-slavery men of the North as favoring amalgamation. Amalgamation! They know, or ought to know, on the one hand, that amalgamation in theory is favored by none at the North, but is universally condemned as contrary to good taste and good sense, if not absolutely unnatural; and that amalgamation in practice, at the North, is very rare indeed, existing almost nowhere except in dens of prostitution of the lowest order. On the other hand, they know perfectly well that amalgamation in practice exists all over the slave States-that, in the language of Mrs. Douglass, "it pervades the entire society." They know that southern white men in multitudes, are the fathers of black children-aye, and children too whom they keep in slavery, and often sell in the

slave-market, pocketing the price of their own offspring. And yet these men profess to be horrified even at the theory of amalgamation, which they falsely charge upon men who are opposed to slavery. Out upon the canting hypocrites! We rejoice to see that some of our members of Congress are tearing the mask off from their brazen faces, and making them look into the mirror of truth.

Some of our southern statesmen speak, in a very virtuous tone, of the wicked and debasing polygamy of Utah. Utah! The whole South is worse than a Utah. For in Utah, though they are guilty of the corrupting practice of having a plurality of wives, yet they marry their wives, and give them the support and benefits which their laws, such as they are, provide. Moreover, their wives are white women, and their children are free. But all over the South there is unlicensed concubinage of whites with negroes; and the offspring are slaves, sold like

cattle in the market!

We had intended to speak of the domestic slave-trade, which a Charleston writer whom we have quoted judges to be worse than the African slave-trade. But we have not room. Glimpses have been given of it in our quotations. We will only refer to one statement of Mr. Olmsted. "By comparing the average decennial ratio of slave increase in all the States, with the difference in the number of the actual slave population of the slave-holding States, as ascertained by the census, it is apparent that the number of slaves exported to the cotton States is considerably more than twenty thousand a year.' We have seen much higher estimates than this. Of this number the old Commonwealth of Virginia sends more than any other. As long ago as 1832, Gov. Thomas Mann Randolph said, that for twenty years previous, an average of eight thousand five hundred each year had been sold from that State, and that it was "an increasing practice to rear slaves for market." Alas! Virginia, the native home of Washington-making it a chief business to breed human beings to be sold as slavesmany of them sold, too, by their own fathers! If there is any State or community on the face of the earth, even heathen or savage, in which there exists to such an extent, so mean and atrocious a practice such an outrage on decency, humanity, and the sacred relation between father and child-we know not where it is. Alas, degraded and disgraced Virginia! If we had been born there, we would never let the fact be known, if we could help it.

But we must conclude. We had intended to refer to several

other topics treated by our author-his account of the state of religion in the slave States, especially among the slaves-his instructive remarks upon some admirably conducted plantations, (and humanely conducted, as far as the system permits,) which he visited, and upon the modes of producing cotton, rice, and sugar-his careful historical account of the first settlement and the progress of the seaboard slave States, especially of Virginia, not very well fitted to sustain the pride of its inhabitants, long notorious and fast becoming ridiculous—his account of the peculiar condition of the slave laws and customs of Louisiana, more favorable than in the other States to the colored race, and of whole regions in that State, for the most part owned and occupied by free colored people-his candid statements as to the treatment of slaves, and his comparison of their condition with that of the free laborers and even the free negroes of the North, a comparison which completely demolishes the pretence that the former are "better off" than the latterand also his observations on the stimulating and improving influence on the slaves of rewards and wages, with his plan of emancipation which these observations suggested to his mind. But we have been tempted by our author to such frequent extracts, and have extended our review to such length, that we must omit these topics, and refer our readers to the book itself; adding what we have before said, that it is a thesaurus of information on the whole subject.

ART. VI.-OUR NOV. NUMBER AND PROF. HUNTINGTON.

The relation of the Atonement to Holiness. New Englander, November, 1855.

Letter on the Atonement, by Rev. E. B. Hall, D. D. Remarks on the preceding by the Editor. Monthly Religious Magazine and Independent Journal, February, 1856.

Letter in reply to Rev. Dr. Hall's Letter, by Rev. S. W. S. Dutton. Monthly Religious Magazine and Independent Journal, March, 1856.

Second Letter by Rev. E. B. Hall, D. D., on the Atonement. Discussion of the Atonement and its incidents, by the Editor. Monthly Religious Magazine and Independent Journal, April, 1856.

THIS Quarterly contained, last November, the article on the relation of the Atonement to Holiness, which is placed first in