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mond, and from thence to Jackson, destroying everything of value to the enemy, and then push west to rejoin the main force. General Sherman moved forward on the Edward's Station road, crossing Fourteen Mile Creek at Dillon's plantation. General McClernand moved across the same creek further west, sending one division by the Baldwin's Ferry road as far as the river. At the Fourteen Mile Creek crossing, both Generals McClernand and Sherman had some skirmishing with the enemy, but the latter was easily overcome. That night, May 11th, General McClernand's corps was at the Black River; General Sherman was at and beyond Auburn, and General McPherson a few miles north of Utica,

CHAPTER XXVII.

FROM GRAND GULF TO VICKSBURG—A SERIES of Battles and VICTORIES-THE BATTLE OF RAYMOND-A SPLENDID CHARGE-GENERAL CROCKER'S CHARGE AT JacksonCAPTURE OF THE CITY-THE BATTLE OF CHAMPION HILLS-DESPERATE FIGHTING OF LOGAN'S DIVISION-GALLLANTRY OF HIS MEN THE MARCH ON BIG BLACK RIVER BRIDGE-STORMING THE WORKS-THE REBELS DRIVEN OUT-THE FINAL INVESTMENT OF VICKSBURG—A REVIEW OF THE SITUATION-TRIBUTE to Illinois Valor.

HE series of battles which followed each other in rapid succesinvestment of

THE

sion prior to the final and complete investment of Vicksburg, are of unusual interest, both as illustrating the rapidity and sharpness with which Gen. Grant struck blow after blow, and as developing many instances of the valor of Illinois troops. The first of these which we purpose to notice was that fought on Farnden's Creek near Raymond, May 12th. Skirmishing commenced early in the morning. At nine o'clock in the forenoon, our advanced cavalry reported to Gen. McPherson that a strong body of rebel infantry was ahead of them, which it would be impossible for the cavalry to penetrate. After heavy firing by the cavalry in which the 2d Illinois behaved gallantly, losing a few men, the 20th, 73d and 68th Ohio, and 30th Illinois constituting the second brigade of Gen. Logan's division, were ordered forward. The brigade advanced and held its ground against a superior force. Gen. Logan hurried forward the 1st and 3d brigades of his division. The 8th Michigan battery was also sent to the front, and committed great havoc in spite of the repeated efforts of the rebels to charge upon and capture the battery. Defeated in their efforts, the rebels fell back to a position just in the rear of Farnden's Creek. General McPherson immediately ordered an advance upon the position. General Dennis's and General Smith's brigades moved forward, and a fear

ful but brief conflict ensued, in which the 20th Illinois fought most desperately and lost heavily, but the rebels were forced from their ground. During this desperate struggle, the rebels attempted to turn our left flank, and very nearly succeeded. The fight on the left was fearful. The 20th Illinois had fired forty rounds of cartridges, and still held the enemy at bay. Their colonel had been mortally wounded while urging on his men, but not one of the herpes faltered. At this critical moment, Gen. Stevenson's brigade came to the rescue. The 8th Illinois, Lieut.-Colonel Sturgis, came on with fixed bayonets and with a wild yell, slowly but steadily as the march of fate. Their old foe, the 7th Texas, who had faced them at Fort Donelson, again stood to receive them, but the 8th dashed them away like chaff. The brigade moved forward, solid and irresistible, and the rebels gave way and fled in disorder, retreating towards Raymond. General Logan, to whose division belongs the honor of the victory, was full of zeal and wild with enthusiasm. Fearless as a lion, he was in every part of the field, and seemed to infuse every man of his command with a part of his own indomitable energy and fiery valor.

On the morning of the 13th, Gen. Crocker's division of the 17th corps was on the move, followed by Gen. Logan's on the road to Clinton. At 6 o'clock on the morning of the 14th, these two divisions, General Crocker's in the advance, moved cautiously along towards Jackson. Rebel cavalry were encountered about three miles from Clinton, but they fell back rapidly. About three miles from Jackson, the main force of the enemy was encountered. Their line was nearly three miles in length, of which the 17th corps engaged one half, Sherman on the right attending to the other half. Learning the situation, Gen. Crocker ordered the 18th Missouri battery into position to test their artillery strength. A reply from three batteries was the result, and an artillery duel commenced, which lasted for half an hour without any decisive results. The infantry were then ordered into action. One of the most magnificent charges of the war followed, in which the 56th Illinois participated with distinguished honor, and won laurels for its bravery. A mile of open space lay between our army and the enemy, every foot of which was swept by the enemy's fire. The 1st brigade under Colonel San

BATTLE OF CHAMPION HILLS.

463 borne, was selected for the bloody work. They formed in line and steadily advanced in spite of the fearful storm of shot and shell which swept through their ranks. They halted for a few moments under cover of a hill-side. Their officers briefly addressed them and then gave the word forward. Onward the column flew on the double quick, their cheers ringing high above the din of musketry. They had hardly struck the rebel front before it was shivered. A long, loud cheer of victory swelled on the air, as the foe fled panic-stricken from the field, and yielded the city of Jackson as the prize of the battle.

On the 16th of May, another glorious and decisive battle was fought. Early in the morning Gen. McClernand's corps was in motion. Gen. Hovey's division was on the main road from Jackson to Vicksburg, but the balance of the corps was a few miles to the southward. On a parallel road Gen. McPherson's corps followed Hovey's division closely. At 9 o'clock, Gen. Hovey discovered the enemy in front, on Champion Hills, to the left of the road near Baker's Creek, apparently in force. Skirmishers were thrown out, and the division advanced cautiously and slowly to give Gen. Logan's advanced division time to come up as a support. General Hovey's division advanced across an open field at the foot of Champion Hills, and commenced battle at eleven o'clock. The rebels, although strongly posted upon a heavily timbered hill covered with almost impenetrable scrub oaks, were deficient in artillery, and opened only with a four-gun battery. Gen. Hovey's division carried the hight in gallant style, and made a dash upon the battery, driving the gunners from their pieces and capturing the latter. At this juncture Mitchell's Ohio battery opened upon another battery about eighty yards from the brow of the hill. The rebels made a desperate charge upon it, and nothing but the fleetness of the horses saved it from capture. After the charge they were reinforced with fresh troops, and redoubled their efforts to hold the position and dislodge our troops on the hill. Hovey's division was slowly forced back, but a brigade from General Quimby's division, hastened to his support, and the ground was re-occupied and the rebels were finally repulsed. In this battle General Logan's splendid division as usual immortalized itself. At the commencement of the battle, he marched past the

brow of the hill, and forming in line of battle on the right of Hovey, advanced in magnificent style, sweeping everything before him. At the edge of the woods in front of Logan, the battle was of the most desperate character, but not a man flinched or a line wavered in his division. They bore themselves like veterans, and moved on as if conscious of their invincibility and the certainty of victory.

Driven from his position, and repulsed in his demonstrations upon our right and left, there was no alternative for the enemy but retreat. He moved along the Vicksburg road towards Edwards' Station, under a fearful cannonade and musketry fire from Logan's division. General Stevenson, with a portion of the 13th corps, swung around his left upon the road, cutting off several brigades, which were forced to move across the fields towards the Big Black. The pursuit was given to General McClernand. That General, with his customary vigor, pressed the retreating enemy until he reached a point not more than two miles from Edwards' Station. The column arrived at the Station about dark and bivouacked for the night,

On Sunday morning, March 17th, before daylight, the column was on the march, moving upon the railroad bridge across the Big Black River. General Carr, one of the bravest of brave Illinois officers, had the advance, followed by General Osterhaus, with General Smith as a reserve. General Carr moved up in line of battle with a heavy force of skirmishers in advance. The rebel sharpshooters annoyed him at every turn, so that his advance was frequently delayed, but at 10 o'clock he had reached a belt of timber intervening between the main column and the rebel breastworks. General McClernand, quickly comprehending the situation, ordered General Carr to the right of the road. On the left, General Osterhaus was ordered in line of battle. Just behind the line of skirmishers was posted a battery, which, as the skirmishers advanced, threw shot and shell with great rapidity and effectiveness. The enemy briskly replied, their first shot striking a caisson of the 18th Wisconsin battery, exploding its contents and slightly wounding General Osterhaus. Word was brought to General McClernand that General Osterhaus was wounded and he assigned Brig.-General A. L. Lee to the temporary command of the 9th division. After short skirmishing, the enemy fell back

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