England. In 1628, Endicott established the Massachusetts Bay Colony at Salem, and both colonies were united in 1692 as the Massachusetts Bay Colony, under a charter of Charles I.

In 1609, Henry Hudson, an English navigator in the employ of Holland, sailed in the Half Moon up the Hudson River and on the strength of this discovery, a Dutch settlement was made in 1614, on Manhattan Island. A Dutch West India Company was formed in 1620, which received large grants of land on both sides of the Hudson, extending west to the Delaware River and south to include the limits of the present State of Delaware, which territory was named New Netherland. The Swedes also founded a settlement on the west side of Delaware Bay, but owing to a dispute between the Dutch and Swedish colonists, New Sweden was surrendered to the Dutch in 1655.

In 1625 the territory lying between that of of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the Kennebec River was colonized under a grant to Captain John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges, as New Hampshire and Maine. These colonies were divided in 1629.

Rhode Island colony was chartered in 1638, and Connecticut colony in 1662.

In 1664, war having broken out between England and Holland, Charles II. gave a charter to his brother James, Duke of York, granting him

the territory of New Netherland. The duke sent out 30 vessels to New Amsterdam to seize the Dutch possessions, which were peaceably surrendered by Governor Stuyvesant. New Amsterdam then became New York, while New Netherland thenceforth became known as New York Colony. The Duke of York then sold the southern part of his territory to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, and because of the fact that Sir George had been governor of the island of Jersey, it was called New Jersey. The territory, now known as Pennsylvania and Delaware, was granted in 1682 by Charles II. to William Penn. In 1703 Delaware became a separate colony.

All the territory between the English settlements in Virginia and the Spanish ports in Florida was granted by Charles II., in 1663 and 1665, to a company of English noblemen, termed Lords Proprietors, and called Carolina. In 1729 North and South Carolina were organized, and in 1732 Georgia was colonized by James Oglethorpe. Lord Baltimore, in 1669, obtained a grant from Charles I., and in compliment to his Queen, Henrietta Maria, called it Maryland.

The territory now known as the State of Maine was granted by James I. to the Earl of Stirling in 1621, and was then known as Pemaquid. The heirs of the Earl of Stirling sold this tract to the Duke of York in 1663. By a new charter of William and Mary, in 1691, the provinces of Maine and