tary generals seem to have been more without mercy and without esprit de corps, caught up from some other occupation, many of them lawyers or in trade -no soldiers.

Mr. Rosa was baptized in the Dutch Reformed Church, which has no bishops, but presbyters. In this church (which sprung up from reforms passing from England to Holland in the 16th century), before sermon the preacher stretches forth his hands over the congregation, saying, "Grace, mercy, and peace from God our Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ, be multiplied unto you, my hearers. Amen." He was married by an Anabaptist minister (on account of there being no Episcopalian one), who readily consented to use the marriage service of the Prayerbook-which service, by-the-by, is considerably shorter than in ours, and much improved by certain sentences at the beginning being omitted; though I cannot think the omission of the Psalm, and of the order to proceed "from the body of the church" and "to kneel before the Lord's Table," for the blessing, is an improvement.

CHAPTER VII.

Back to Conwayboro'.

On the 30th of July up at 2.40; breakfast of bread, stewed peaches, and "claber." This claber is quite a godsend in the absence of tea. It is simply curds and whey:" a bowl of milk is put by in the evening, and by atmospheric operation becomes claber in the morning.

How fresh and beautiful it was to dash along the winding, noiseless road, the day gradually breaking forth, the dewdrops hanging on the varied and tangled woods of pine, oaks, maple, arbutus, cedar, magnolia, rhododendron, cypress, gum-tree, and bay! As we passed near the river we saw the masts of a Yankee gun-boat which was at anchor opposite a plantation belonging to Dr. McGill. One of his men told me five servants had gone on board: he said "they were fools; they would soon be sorry for it; they were house servants," and, as he said, "foot to foot

with massa," who treated them "too well;" they had every thing they wanted; but they had been misled by his head servant, who was a "traitor."

July 31st.-To-day at Conwayboro' the sun rises at 5.10 and sets at 6.50, but in England it rises at 4.10 and sets at 7.50; thus we have two hours more night to cool us here: there is no twilight.

I read in a newspaper some remarks on the boundary between the United States and Canada, alleging that in 1842 Lord Ashburton had been outdone by the Yankee; for the true boundary, as agreed on at the peace between Britain and the United States, was the watershed from the Western Mountains to Mars' Hill in Maine.

A chaplain of the Confederate army writes from Richmond that the estimated loss of the Confederate army during the five days' fight near Richmond was 15,000 killed and wounded, that of the Federals 20,000. The prisoners taken by the Confederates, sick, wounded, and well, 10,000; cannon, 80; muskets and rifles, 13,000.

August 1st.-Thermometer at 7.30 A.M. 76°; rose to 80° at noon. Saw in a paper an order from Stanton, authorising commanders to pillage and destroy private property. I see the dry pine points are now being collected in the woods; the ground

is covered with this, which is called "trash;" it is used for bedding for horses and cattle, and makes good manure.

August 6th.-Took tea at Mr. Beatty's. To see how hospitably these kind people entertain, one would not suppose war was raging. How well the negro women bake and cook!

Mr. B

explained Stonewall Jackson's great strategy to get to Richmond and reinforce Lee with 50,000 men: he marched day and night 120 miles. Banks, Sheil, Fremont, and McDowell had all joined to give him battle in the Shenandooah valley. He left videttes and three or four regiments as a feint, marched to co-operate with Lee, and got up just in time on the 25th of June. I find, all praise General McClellan for the way in which he managed his retreat. General, Hugér, who had under him General Magruder, was ordered to intercept the retreat of the Yankees, and got within sound of them; but they slipt away in the night, and next day Magruder's division of 40,000 men came on their position, strengthened by fifty siege guns and twelve batteries of field guns placed in shape of a funnel, by the fire of which his attacks were three times repulsed, and time gained by the enemy to get off to the James River. By Tuesday, the 29th

of July, the whole Northern army had retreated thirty miles, and got under cover of gun-boats.

This State of South Carolina has wonderful soil: to look at its sand you would think it sterile, but now we have dishes of delicious peaches and figs; the latitude is about the same as Algiers. The soil must be good, for, slightly manured, it produces all fruits and vegetables: excellent apples, pears, figs, peaches, greengages, plums, grapes, strawberries, potatoes (sweet and Irish), peas, beans, okra, eggplants, tomata, rice, wheat, oats, maize, barley, rye, tea, coffee, flax, honey in abundance.

Thermometer rises now to 90°. I observed, "It will be hot for the soldiers." An old man replied, "It is usual at this time of the year; we are about the latitude of Fez: our men don't mind it, they are used to it; if they were not in the army they would be out in the corn-fields all day at work; a fine hardy race they are!" And looking at a boy twelve years old, he continued, "All these boys are longing to be soldiers: at nine years old they all handle a gun, go into the woods and shoot squirrels, and many of them shoot better than their fathers." Then, as an instance of courage, it was told me a family at George-Town were roused up at night by fire raging next-door: the grandmother went to