FRANCE.

The Revue Chrétienne, edited by de Pressensé, is now in its seventh year, and assumes a higher tone. It contributes to unite the literary energies of Protestants, and commands the respect of others. Among the articles published this year are, de Pressensé on Montalembert's Monasticism; de Guerle on Milton and his Works; two articles by Godet on the Song of Songs-a valuable criticism of Renan's work; de Guerle on Lacordaire; the admirable essay of Rosseeuw St. Hilaire on What France Needs; two articles on Margaret of Valois, giving a full account of her life, character and works; an earnest appeal for Italian Evangelization, by Léon Pilatte. The Revue de Mois, which accompanies each number, gives a good insight into matters of current interest. The sympathy of the Review with the North in our present struggle is outspoken and earnest. A quarterly Theological Supplement has been added to the Review this year, devoted to essays, and a "Theological Bulletin," giving an account of noted works in England, France and Germany. Among the essays are, de Pressensé on the Task of Evangelical Theology in France; Sardinoux on the School of Tübingen; Godet, Christ died for our Sins according to the Scriptures.

H. de Valroger has published in two vols. an Introduction to the Books of the New Testament, translated from the German works of Reithmayr, Hug and Tholuck, with notes: 12 francs.

Two new translations from the Sanskrit have appeared: Ph. Ed. Foucaux, Episode du Mahabhrata, légende d'Ilvala et Valapi; and Un Tétrade, ou drame, hymne, roman et poëme, by H. Fauche.

Two new works on Esthetics have been published: Chs. Levêque, La Science du Beau, 2 Tomes (crowned by the Academy); and A. E. Chaignet, Les Principes de la Science du Beau, one vol. of 684 pages.

E. P. Dubois-Guchan has published a work in two large volumes on Tacitus and his Age; or the Roman Imperial Society from Augustus to the Antonines in its Relations to Modern Society. The first volume is on the Social Order and the Cæsars; the second, the Literary Order and Tacitus.

A project has been started of reproducing the Parthenon of Athens, in its pristine form, upon the heights of Montmartre-the expenses to be met by a national subscription.

The French Academy having given to M. Thiers the 20,000 francs, which the Emperor put at their disposal, for the best literary work of the times, the Emperor is said to have offered the same sum to (Mdme.) Geo. Sand, who replied "that she had neither wish nor want of recompense or distinction from any government whatever." M. Thiers has made over his prize anew to the disposal of the Academy.

M. August Jal about a year ago was called upon by Napoleon to tell him all he knew about ancient ships (for his Life of Cæsar); but he did not then know anything. Having since studied the matter, he has published a work entitled La Flotte de César, and the Emperor has had a galley made. The publication of the work of Napoleon is to be deferred, it is reported, for two years more.

Several pamphlets in the interest of the Southern Confederacy have been published at Paris: Bellot des Minières, The American Question; Milleroux, The American Confederation; The American Revolution Unveiled, ascribed to a diplomatist.

M. Augustus Cochin has written a work in two volumes, on the Abolition of Slavery, first, from the economical standpoint, and then, in its

moral aspects, exhibiting the grievous influence of the system as now seen in Cuba, Brazil, and the Southern States.

A new political journal, L'Impartial Dauphinois, has appeared at Grenoble, in France. It unfurls the flag of democratic France and the principles of 1789.

In the Paris Journal des Débats, M. Babinet, speaking of England's ingratitude to Newton in having never raised a monument to her famous son. asks if that country does not fear lest universal humanity should forestall her by an obelisk bearing this inscription: "To Newton, an Englishman, by all the nations except ungrateful England."

The speech delivered by M. Guizot, at the meeting of the Protestant Primary Instruction Society, has caused great and painful surprise. After speaking in terms of high encomium of the useful labors of the Society, M. Guizot suddenly turned away from that subject to refer to what he considered (and he was careful to say that he was merely speaking in his own name) "the deplorable perturbation which is now affecting and distressing a considerable portion of the great and general Christian Church." For a Protestant to express himself thus in a Protestant temple, and in a meeting of a Protestant Society, with respect to the great religious revolution now going on in Italy, naturally caused at the time much surprise, and has since called forth the liveliest animadversion among men of all shades of opinion in the Protestant Church of France.

ENGLAND.

The British Quarterly Review, July, has articles on, 1. Vocation of the Church: 2. Schleswig; the German-Danish Question: 3. Revolutions in English History (Vaughan's): 4. Flower Life: 5. The Marriage Law of Great Britain: 6. Helps's Spanish Conquests in America: 7. The Govern ment Machine: 8. The Civil War in America: 9. National Education: 10. Count Cavour. The first article gives incidentally a valuable collection of the testimony of the Fathers as to Inspiration, and Justification. The article on our country defends the neutrality policy of Great Britain, and is very severe upon our animadversions about the course of the English press and government, while it also claims that its sympathies are all against slavery. It thinks that if we had remained subject to Great Britain, slavery would have been long ago abolished.

The Journal of Sacred Literature, July. The Two Records of our Lord's Temptation-Character of their Inspiration. On the Epistles of St. Peter. The History of the World, as foretold in the Book of Genesis. The Genealogy of Christ (both genealogies of Joseph). New Translation of Book of Job. Correspondence, Intelligence, etc. The essay on Peter gives the internal evidence of the genuineness of the second Epistle, with remarks on the apocryphal writings ascribed to that Apostle. The prophecy referred to in the 3d article is that respecting Canaan, Shem and Japheth (Gen. ix, 23-27), showing its remarkable fulfilment through the whole course of human history. In the Correspondence, Rev. Ed. W. Grinfield, in reference to Prof. Jowett's statement in the Essays and Reviews about citations from the Septuagint, recurs to his old theme of a sanction of that version, as quasi-inspired, since it was so frequently used by the apostles, showing "a supernatural recollection of the words and phrases of the Greek version." The essay of Mr. Churton, recently published, runs in the same line. The so-called Hebraisms are Hellenisms.

As Prof. Blunt said, "the Septuagint is the viaduct from the Old to the New Testament." For the first three centuries not one of the fathers, excepting Origen, is known to have used the Hebrew text.

The Eclectic Review (London) commences with July a New Series, at the low rate of one shilling for each monthly part. The July number has articles on John Angell James; Thomas Carlyle and his Critics; the Doctrine of the Skull; Kelly on the Covenants-the Congregational Lecture for 1861-denying any real covenant with Adam. This work of Mr. Kelly is the only one on the subject in English literature for a long time: a small work by Rev. John Eagleston of Hudderfield was published in 1829. The other articles are on Congregational Chapel Extension; Lays and Legends of Cromwell and the Nonconformist Heroes-an ordinary work on a great theme; and Church Fiction.

The London Review for July (the Wesleyan periodical) discusses Novels and Novelists; the Benedictines in England; Marnix de St. Aldegonde; Dixon's Bacon; Recent Poetry; the Elder Pliny; the Government Machine; Theology of the Ascension; Froude's Henry VIII.; and Popular Education.

Sir Francis Palgrave died July 6, 1861. He was a convert from Judaism, and had the post of Assistant Keeper of the Public Records. He is best known by his learned work on the History of Normandy and England. Of his earliest work, privately printed in French, 1797, on La Guerre des grenouilles et des souris d'Homère, a curious account is given by Mr. Bolton Corney in the Notes and Queries for July 27, 1861.

The Westminster Review for July opens with an interesting, though somewhat ambitious Sketch of Schleiermacher's Life, on the basis of Rowan's recent translation of his Autobiography and Letters: his theological and philosophical position is not very clearly defined. The antiorthodox article of the number is on Christian Creeds and their Defenders-rather a weak and loose affair. The Critical Theory and Writings of Taine are presented in an interesting light. A very good account is given of Mr. Mill's Representative Government. Buckle's History of Civilization is of course lauded in its main scope. An interesting sketch is given of the life of the Countess of Albany, wife of the Pretender, and mistress successively of Alfieri and of M. Fabre, a French painter.

The Westminster Review says, that there is a rumor that John Stuart Mill is engaged on a comprehensive review of all the sociological and ethical theories of the time: that his works on Political Economy, Representative Government, Parliamentary Reform, and his Essay on Liberty are preparatory to this, his chief philosophical work.

Thos. Ellison, F.S.S., has published a volume on Slavery and Secession in the United States, 12mo, pp. 371, contrasting the North and the South, tracing all our troubles to Slavery, and vindicating the position of the General Government. Fraser's Magazine for August has an article on the Causes of the Disruption of the American Union; and Bentley's Miscel lany one on America under Arms.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

The Evangelical Review, Gettysburg, commences its 13th vol. with the July number, edited by W. M. Reynolds and M. L. Stoever; Dr. C. P. Krauth, the chief Editor for twelve years, retires from his post. The July number contains a valuable historical article by Dr. Reynolds on the Ger

man Emigration to North America, as introductory to the History of the Lutheran Church among the Germans: an account of the Octavius of Minucius Felix; Harnack's Theses on the Church, translated by Prof. F. A. Muhlenberg, etc.

The American Quarterly Church Review is to be published hereafter in New York. The July No. has twenty pages of "Interesting and Curious Facts about Bishops;" on Brothers, Fathers and Sons, Uncles and Nephews, and other Kin, in the Episcopate; besides "other interesting facts!"

In the Bibliotheca Sacra for July Prof. Robbins advocates at length the Pauline Origin of the Epistle to the Hebrews. The Sketch of Hindoo Philosophy by Rev. David C. Scudder is a very valuable paper, correcting some mistakes of Barthelemy St. Hilaire and other writers.

The New Englander for July has among other articles an elaborate and ingenious discussion of the First Document of Genesis (adopting in the main the views of Dr. Tayler Lewis as to the meaning of the word day), by Rev. E. A. Walker: a dissent by Prof. Fisher from Prof. Park's interpretation of some of Dr. Emmons' theological opinions; an examination of Secession by President Woolsey; and a reply to the Methodist Quarterly on the Theology of Wesley, trying to convict Wesley of holding to the old Hopkinsian doctrine about the permission of sin, because he used forms of statement, which sound marvellously like those of the apostle Paul.

The Mercersburg Review for July has an admirable disquisition by Dr. Philip Schaff on the Moral Character of Jesus Christ, or, the Perfection of Christ's Humanity a Proof of His Divinity: the Divining Rod, by L. H. Steiner, on the basis of Figuier; Liturgical Worship, from the German of Kessler, by C. V. Mayo; Adler on the Agamemnon of Eschylus; Religious Thinking, by D. Y. Heisler; Dr. Gerhart on the National Question. The Life of Prince Demetrius Augustine Gallitzen, famous in the Catholic Missions of this country, has been written by a German, H. Lemcke, in a vol. of 380 pages, published at Münster. His miraculous cures and conversions are detailed at length. He died in 1840. He wrote a Defence of Catholic Principles, an Appeal, etc.

Henri de Courcy de la Roche Heron, a resident in New York for several years, died at Cannes, France, May 14. While here he published a History of the Catholic Church in the United States, 1856; also a small work on the Female Convents of Canada.

Henry Spelman's Relation of Virginia has been published in London from the manuscript. He was in Va. in 1609. Freneau's Poems have been reprinted in England from the Philadelphia edition of 1786.

Literary and Critical Notices of Books.

THEOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY.

Philosophy of the Infinite; a Treatise on Man's Knowledge of the Infinite Being. By Rev. HENRY CALDERWOOD. Second edition. Macmillan

& Co. Cambridge. 8vo, pp. 520. The first edition of this work was published in 1854, and it contained the first full examination of Hamilton's doctrine of the Infinite. This new edition is greatly enlarged and improved, and includes a detailed reply to Mansel's Bampton Lectures, as well as a revision of some of the author's earlier statements, particularly in respect to the application of the infinite to space and time. It also contains a reply to Hamilton's letters to the author. The work is well worthy of study. It is in every respect an improvement on the somewhat immature statements of the earlier edition. We hope to recur to it soon again, in connection with an examination of the mooted problems.

Philosophia Ultima. CHARLES WOODRUFF SHIELDS. Philadelphia. 1861. Pp. 96. This a new project of an Ultimate Philosophy, to reconcile faith and science. The scheme includes three parts: I. Science of the Sciences. II. Art of the Sciences. III. Science of the Arts. 1. Rational and Revealed Astronomy. 2. Rational and Revealed Geology. 3. Rational and Revealed Anthropology. 4. Rational and Revealed Psychology. 5. Rational and Revealed Sociology. 6. Rational and Revealed Theology. The end is "the universal millennium of celestial sciences and arts." While much remains to be done before this can be realized, all such vigorous, thoughtful, and independent attempts may contribute to this desirable issue.

A Grammar of the Hebrew Language. By WILLIAM HENRY GREEN.. New York: John Wiley. 1861. Pp. 322. Professor Green of the Princeton Theological Seminary, has prepared an excellent Hebrew Grammar, which will doubtless come into very general use Based upon the labors of Gesenius, Ewald, and Nordheimer, it has also merits of its own, and shows the fruit of careful and laborious study. The general arrangement is clear and simple. The introduction of the accent, after the example of Ewald, will be found of use to learners. The declension of nouns is very much simplified, as compared with the artificial rules of Gesenius. The whole work is in a high degree creditable to American scholarship. The typographical execution, from Trow's press, is unexceptionable.

Theologie de la Religion Naturelle. Par VIDAL. Pp. 200. 12mo. Paris: 1859. The general character of this work is indicated by the remark that under the title of the Theology of Natural Religion, the author publishes a treatise chiefly devoted to Ethics. A brief introduction states the sources of evidence, and the work is then divided into two parts-Doctrine and Morale. The latter division occupies nearly half of the book, and treats of Practical