ARTICLE XI.

Сартагна rates.

hy

All the ships, merchandise, and the effects belonging to the citizens. of one of the contracting parties, which may be captured by pirates, whether within the limits of its jurisdiction or on the high seas, and may be carried or found in the rivers, roads, bays, ports, or dominions of the other, shall be delivered up to the owners, they proving, in due form, their rights before the competent tribunals; it being well understood that the claim should be made within the term of one year, by the parties themselves, their attorneys, or agents of their respective Governments.

Disposal of per:

succession thereto.

ARTICLE XII.

The citizens of each of the contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods within the jurisdiction of the sonal property and other, by sale, donation, testament, or otherwise, and their representatives, being citizens of the other party, shall suc ceed to their said personal goods, whether by testament or ab intestato, and they may take possession thereof, either by themselves or others acting for them, and dispose of the same at their will, paying such duties only as the inhabitants of the country where such goods are shall be subject to pay in like cases. And if, in the case of real estate, the said heirs would be prevented from entering into the possession of the inheritance on account of their character of aliens, there shall be granted to them the longest period allowed by the law to dispose of the same as they may think proper, and to withdraw the proceeds without molestation, nor any other charges than those which are imposed by the laws of the country.

Citizens of each

nation

tected.

ARTICLE XIII.

Both the contracting parties promise and engage, formally, to give their special protection to the persons and property of the citto be pro-izens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in the territories subject to the jurisdiction of the one or the other, transient or dwelling therein, leaving open and free to them the tribunals of justice, for their judicial recourse on the same terms which are usual and customary with the natives of the country; for which they may employ, in defense of their rights, such advocates, solicitors, notaries. agents, and factors as they may judge proper, in all their trials at law; and such citizens or agents shall have free opportunity to be present at the accusations and sentences of the tribunals in all cases which may concern them; and likewise at the taking of all examinations and evidence which may be exhibited on the said trials, in the manner established by the laws of the country. If the citizens of one of the contracting parties, in the territory of the other, engage in internal political questions, they shall be subject to the same measures of punishment and precaution as the citizens of the country where they

reside.

ARTICLE XIV.

The citizens of the two contracting parties shall enjoy the full liberty of conscience in the countries subject to the jurisdiction of the one or the other, without being disturbed or molested on account of their religious opinious, provided they respect the laws

and established customs of the country. And the bodies of the citizens of the one who may die in the territory of the other shall be interred in the public cemeteries, or in other decent places of burial, which shall be protected from all violation or insult by the local authorities.

ARTICLE XV.

Free lom of navi

It shall be lawful for the citizens of the United States of America, and of the Republic of Bolivia, to sail with their ships, with all manner of liberty and security, no distinction being sation. made who are the proprietors of the merchandises laden thereon, from any port to the places of those who now are, or hereafter shall be, at enmity with either of the contracting parties. It shall likewise be lawful for the citizens aforesaid to sail with their ships and merchandises before mentioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security, not only from places and ports of those who are enemies of both or either party, to the ports of the other, and to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy, to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of one power or of several

ARTICLE XVI.

The two high contracting parties recognize as permanent and immutable the following principles, to wit:

Free ships, free

1st. That free ships make free goods; that is to say, that goods. the effects or goods belonging to subjects or citizens of a power or State at war are free from capture or confiscation when found on board of neutral vessels, with the exception of articles contraband of war. 2d. That the property of neutrals on board an enemy's vessel is not subject to confiscation, unless the same be contraband of war.

The like neutrality shall be extended to persons who are on board a neutral ship with this effect, that although they may be enemies to both or either party, they are not to be taken out of that ship unless they are officers or soldiers, and in the actual service of the enemies. The contracting parties engage to apply these principles to the commerce and navigation of all such powers and States as shall consent to adopt them as permanent and immutable.

ARTICLE XVII.

This liberty of navigation and commerce shall extend to all kinds of merchandise, excepting those only which are distinguished

by the name of contraband of war, and under this name shall be comprehended

Contriby 1 of

1st. Cannons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blunderbusses, muskets, fuses, rifles, carbines, pistols, pikes, swords, sabers, lances, spears, halberds, and grenades, bombs, powder, matches, balls, and all other things belonging to the use of these arms.

2d. Bucklers, helmets, breastplates, coats of mail, infantry belts, and clothes made up in the form and for a military use.

3d. Cavalry belts, and horses, with their furniture.

4th. And, generally, all kinds of arms, offensive and defensive, and instruments of iron, steel, brass, and copper, or any other materials manufactured, prepared, and formed expressly to make war by sea or land.

ba

Property not empl

ARTICLE XVIII.

All other merchandises and things not comprehended in the articles of contraband explicitly enumerated and classified as above, rates contra- shall be held and considered as free, and subjects of free and lawful commerce, so that they may be carried and transported in the freest manner by the citizens of both the contracting parties, even to places belonging to an enemy, excepting only those places which are at that time besieged or blockaded; and to avoid all doubt in this particular, it is declared that those places or ports only are besieged or blockaded which are actually attacked by a belligerent force capable of preventing the entry of the neutral.

Case of capture of tral and

ARTICLE XIX.

The articles of contraband before enumerated and classified which may be found in a vessel bound to an enemy's port shall be subvesel carrying con- ject to detention and confiscation, leaving free the rest of the cargo and the ship, that the owners may dispose of them as they see proper. No vessel of either of the two nations shall be detained on the high seas on account of having on board articles of contraband, whenever the master, captain, or supercargo of said vessel will deliver up the articles of contraband to the captor, unless the quantity of such articles be so great or of so large a bulk that they cannot be received on board the capturing ship without great inconvenience; but in this, as well as in all other cases of just detention, the vessel detained shall be sent to the nearest convenient and safe port for trial and judg ment according to law.

Blockade

ARTICLE XX.

And whereas it frequently happens that vessels sail for a port or places belonging to an enemy without knowing that the same is besieged, blockaded, or invested, it is agreed that every vessel so circumstanced may be turned away from such port or place, but shall not be detained; nor shall any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated, unless, after warning of such blockade or investment from any officer commanding a vessel of the blockading forces, they shall again attempt to enter; but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place she shall think proper. Nor shall any vessel of either that may have entered into such port before the same was actually besieged, blockaded, or invested by the other, be restrained from quitting such place with her cargo; nor, if found therein after the reduction and surrender, shall such vessel or her cargo be liable to confiscation, but they shall be restored to the owners thereof.

Examination

ARTICLE XXI.

In order to prevent all kind of disorder in the visiting and examination of the ships and cargoes of both the contracting parties of ships and cargoes. on the high seas, they mutually agree that whenever a vessel of war shall meet with a neutral of the other contracting party, the first shall remain at a convenient distance, and may send its boats with two or three men only; in order to execute the said examination of the papers concerning the ownership and cargo of the vessel, without causing the least extortion, violence, or ill-treatment for which the commanders of

the said armed ships shall be responsible with their persons and property; for which purpose the commanders of private armed

vessels shall, before receiving their commissions, give suffi- Proates so cient security to answer for all the damages they may commit; and it is expressly agreed that the neutral party shall in no case be required to go on board the examining vessel for the purpose of exhibiting his. papers, or for any other purpose whatever.

ARTICLE XXII.

Sealett-IN

passports.

To avoid all kind of vexation and abuse in the examination of the papers relating to the ownership of the vessels belonging to the citizens of the two contracting parties, they agree that, in case one of them should be engaged in war, the ships and vessels belonging to the citizens of the other must be furnished with sea-letters or passports, expressing the name, property, and bulk of the ships, as also the name and place of habitation of the master and commander of said vessel, in order that it may thereby appear that said ship truly belongs to the citizens of one of the parties; they likewise agree that such ships being laden, besides the said sea-letters or passports, shall also be provided with certificates, containing the several particulars of the cargo, and the place whence the ship sailed,

Cert deals

so that it may be known whether any forbidden or contraband goods be on board the same; which certificates shall be made out by the officers of the place whence the ship sailed in the accustomed form; without such requisites said vessels may be detained, to be adjudged by the competent tribunal, and may be declared legal prize, unless the said defect shall prove to be owing to accident, and supplied by testimony entirely equivalent.

ARTICLE XXIII.

Vessels under con

It is further agreed that the stipulations above expressed, relative to the visiting and examination of vessels, shall apply only to those which sail without convoy; and when said vessels Voy shall be under convoy, the verbal declaration of the commander of the convoy, on his word of honor, that the vessels under his protection belong to the nation whose flag he carries, and, when they are bound to an enemy's port, that they have no contraband goods on board, shall be sufficient.

ARTICLE XXIV.

Prize se

It is further agreed that in all cases the established courts for prize causes in the country to which the prizes may be conducted shall alone take cognizance of them; and whenever such tribunals of either party shall pronounce judgment against any vessel, or goods, or property claimed by the citizens of the other party, the sentence or decree shall mention the reasons or motives on which the same shall have been founded, and an authenticated copy of the sentence or decree and of all the proceedings in the case shall, if demanded, be delivered to the commander or agent of said vessel without any delay, he paying the legal fees for the same.

ARTICLE XXV.

No citizen of the Republic of Bolivia shall take any commission or letters of marque for arming any ship or ships to act as priva teers against the said United States, or any of them, or against the citizens, people, or inhabitants of the said United

No letters of

marque to act as pri

Vatters,

States, or any of them, or against the property of any of the inhabitants of any of them, from any Prince or State with which the said United States shall be at war; nor shall any citizen or inhabitant of the United States, or any of them, take any commission or letters of marque for arming any ship or ships to act as privateers against the citizens of the Republic of Bolivia, or any of them, or the property of any of them, from any Prince or State with which the said Republic of Bolivia shall be at war; and if any person of either nation shall take such commissions or letters of marque he shall be punished according to their respective laws.

Free navigation of

Pinta.

ARTICLE XXVI.

In accordance with fixed principles of international law, Bolivia regards the rivers Amazon and La Plata, with their tributathe Amazon and La ries, as highways or channels opened by nature for the commerce of all nations. In virtue of which, and desirous of promoting an exchange of productions through these channels, she will permit, and invites, commercial vessels of all descriptions of the United States, and of all other nations of the world, to navigate freely in any part of their courses which pertain to her, ascending those rivers to Bolivian ports, and descending therefrom to the ocean, subject only to the conditions established by this treaty, and to regulations sanctioned or which may be sanctioned, by the national authorities of Bolivia not inconsistent with the stipulations thereof.

Navigation of the tributaries of Amazon or La Plata.

ARTICLE XXVII.

The owners or commanders of vessels of the United States entering the Bolivian tributaries of the Amazon or La Plata the shall have the right to put up or construct, in whole or in part, vessels adapted to shoal-river navigation, and to transfer their cargoes to them without the payment of additional duties; and they shall not pay duties of any description for sections or pieces of vessels, nor for the machinery or materials which they may introduce for use in the construction of said vessels.

eign commerce.

All places accessible to these, or other vessels of the United States, Ports open to for upon the said Bolivian tributaries of the Amazon or La Plata, shall be considered as ports open to foreign commerce, and subject to the provisions of this treaty, under such regulations as the Government may deem necessary to establish for the collection of custom-house, port, light-house, police, and pilot duties. And such vessels may discharge and receive freight or cargo, being effects of the country or foreign, at any one of said ports, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3.

Privileges in case of war.

ARTICLE XXVIII.

If, by any fatality, (which cannot be expected, and which God forbid,) the two contracting parties should be engaged in a war with each other, they agree, now for then, that there shall be allowed the term of six months to the merchants residing on the coasts and in the ports of each other, and the term of one year to those who dwell in the interior, to arrange their business and transport their effects wherever they please, giving to them the safe conduct necessary for it, which may serve as a sufficient protection until they arrive at the desig nated port. The citizens of all other occupations, who may be estab