Trade and Development began its search for new trade patterns and practices which would benefit the developing countries.

-The establishment of a new U.N. Organization for Industrial Development was approved by the General Assembly. -The U.N. Development Program was established by merger of the U.N. Expanded Program of Technical Assistance and the Special Fund. The United States had worked long and hard for the integration of these two major U.N. operational programs in order to permit better planning and more effective use of resources.

—Foundations were laid for the new Asian Development Bank with a capitalization of $1 billion, including a $200 million subscription by the United States. It promises to be one of the most effective agencies for the financing of economic and social development in Asia. -A new African Development Bank, designed to play a similar role in Africa, opened for business.

Through these and other instrumentalities, our delegations in U.N. agencies have given leadership and positive support to major goals in the struggle for a better life: more food production; assistance in voluntary family planning; the training of skilled manpower; development of transport and communications; fuller utilization of natural resources; and increased application of science and technology.

The year 1965 had been designated International Cooperation Year (ICY) by the U.N. General Assembly, and U.N. members were urged to commemorate it in appropriate ways. The culmination of the American celebration was a White House Conference

attended by more than 5,000 distinguished Americans-leaders in their communities, in business and industry, in educational and labor organizations, in the arts and sciences, and in the professions. The Conference discussed reports on international cooperation in agriculture, atomic energy, disarmament, health, the welfare of women and youth, and many other fields. Many of its recommendations have already been put into effect. Others are being thoroughly evaluated by a special White House Committee which will shortly submit its report

to me.

Public support for the United Nations continued at a high level as the Organization approached its twenty-first anniversary. Most thoughtful people know that the United Nations is a far from perfect organization, in a far from perfect world. Yet they also recognize that it and its specialized agencies are the best system yet devised for sovereign nations to work together with equality and self-respect.

Our investment in the United Nations, and its various agencies and special programs, supplements other activities undertaken to preserve, protect, or promote a wide range of national interests. Above all, our commitment to the United Nations is an expression of faith which has illuminated the entire history of our country: a faith that the creative powers of democracy and human reason can overcome the evils of tyranny and violence.

The White House March 9, 1967

LYNDON B. JOHNSON

NOTE: The report is entitled "U.S. Participation in the U.N., Report by the President to the Congress for the Year 1965" (Government Printing Office, 415 pp.).

ΙΟΙ

To the Congress of the United States:

I am pleased to report on the marine science activities of the Federal Government.

The resources of the oceans can help us meet many of the challenges that face our nation and the world today.

-The vast food reserves of the sea must be

developed to help end the tragic cycle of famine and despair.

-The continuing pollution and erosion of our seashores, bays, estuaries and Great Lakes must be arrested and reversed to safeguard the health of our people and to protect the resources of the sea. -The influence of oceans on the environ

ment must be understood so that we may improve the long-term forecasting of storms, weather and sea conditions; protect life and property in coastal areas; and improve the prediction of rainfall in the interior.

-The wealth of the ocean floor must be

freed for the benefit of all people. -Finally, the seas must be used as path

ways to improved international understanding and cooperation.

The great potential of the seas has not gone unnoticed. During the past six years, we have invested increasingly in the development of marine scientific and technical manpower, ships, and facilities. The quality of our research fleet, deep sea vessels, and laboratories is unsurpassed. The small but growing corps of highly trained specialists. provides a strong creative base for our marine science and technology.

The 89th Congress also responded to the challenge of the oceans by enacting:

-The Marine Resources and Engineering Development Act which provides a

March 9, 1967

stronger policy and organization frame

work and gives new momentum to our marine science activities.

-The Sea Grant College and Program

Act, which will improve our capabilities for training and research in marine sciences and engineering.

--The Act authorizing pilot plants for the production of fish protein as a usable source of food.1

The new National Council on Marine Resources and Engineering Development, chaired by the Vice President, has made significant progress in carrying out its responsibilities for planning and coordinating the Nation's marine science activities. In consultation with the President's Science Advisory Committee, the National Academy of Sciences and other agencies of the Federal Government, the Council has reviewed our current work and has identified the areas in which action should be taken.

We must:

-Launch a pilot program to assist the protein-deficient countries of the world in increasing their capacity for using the fish resources of the seas. -Implement the Sea Grant College and Program Act to strengthen oceanographic engineering, expand applied research and improve technical information activities.

-Accelerate studies to improve the collection, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of oceanographic data. -Expand ocean observation systems to improve near-shore weather prediction

'Fish Protein Concentrate Act (Public Law 89701; 80 Stat. 1089).

services, and study ways to make more accurate long-range predictions of precipitation levels and drought conditions. -Study the Chesapeake Bay to determine the effects of estuarine pollution on shellfish, health, recreation, and beauty, and to provide a basis for remedial

measures.

-Explore off-shore solid mineral deposits. -Improve technology and engineering for work at great ocean depths.

-Equip a new Coast Guard ship to conduct oceanographic research in subArctic waters.

Details of these programs are set forth in the accompanying report of the National Council on Marine Resources and Engineering Development.

I have this year recommended to the Congress a 13% increase-from $409 million to $462 million-in appropriations to support marine science activities. These funds will permit us to expand our efforts to understand the sea and develop its vast resources. They will enhance the capabilities of local government, universities and private industry to join in this vital enterprise. They will enable us to support the important new efforts recommended by the National Council on Marine Resources and Engineering Develop

ment.

I urge the Congress to provide the necessary funds to support these important efforts. In January, I appointed nineteen distinguished Americans, including four Members

of Congress, to serve as members and advisers of the Commission on Marine Science, Engineering, and Resources. This Commission will complement the activities of the National Council on Marine Resources and Engineering Development, by providing impartial insights into the strengths and weaknesses of our marine science programs.

The Commission will be called upon to identify still more opportunities for a concerted public and private effort to develop the resources of the sea through a creative and cooperative partnership of government, industry, and the academic community.

The depth of the sea is a new environment for man's exploration and development, just as crossing the West was a challenge in centuries past.

We shall encounter that environment with the same conviction and pioneering spirit that propelled ships from the Old to the New World.

We shall bring to the challenge of the ocean depths-as we have brought to the challenge of outer space-a determination to work with all Nations to develop the seas for the benefit of mankind.

The White House March 9, 1967

LYNDON B. JOHNSON

NOTE: The report is entitled "Marine Science Affairs-A Year of Transition; The First Report of the President to the Congress on Marine Resources and Engineering Development" (Government Printing Office, 157 pp.).

We have come here today to honor the courage of a very brave soldier. His was a very special kind of courage-the unarmed heroism of compassion and service to others.

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