rights, as they have been earnest, by the curing, as they do, all classes of citizens exertions of wisdom, to preserve its pros-in the enjoyment of their rights and liberperity from withering in Madisonian hands. ties. Our own blessed republic excepted, There is now an awful pause in the af- we think it the best government ever yet fairs of our country; and it cannot be devised since civil societies were first better employed than in considering the framed. The French people, after trying new duties to which we may be called. various imperfect forms of government, nour. I shall now give to my readers the sen-Thave now adopted that of England for timents of the honourable Mr. Hanson, their model. But much as we respect the editor of the Federal Republican. They people of England, applaud their valour, are worthy of that honest and intrepid and admire their free institutions, if they champion of his country's rights and ho do not, or pretend not to know the character of the federal party, they will soon re"The English prints have, of late, in-ceive the most decisive demonstrations of dulged in language towards this country, their undivided devotion to their own form not only unworthy of the great cause in of government and the soil that gave them which their government has acted a dis- birth. Courageous, just and honourable, tinguished and leading part, but altogether the federalists would disdain to demand contemptible, and to be despised for the what they would not grant to a foreign nalittle, low, malicious and vindictive spirit tion, and would die in the last ditch before which it evinces. It is the more to be they would yield their honour or their contemned for the very close resemblance rights. They are just, therefore will neit bears to the tone of our jacobin prints ver support a war waged for a profitable towards the English government. wrong or a doubtful right. Since the repeal of the orders in council, they are free to say they do not even think the point we are contending for, a doubtful right-they consider and pronounce it a positive wrong. They think the party in power ought to abandon a pretension so flagrantly unjust as the protection of foreign subjects against the claims of their own governThey believe now it will be aban "Whether addressed to the American people collectively, or to either of the great parties into which they are divided, this style of menace and denunciation will be alike unavailing. Blows and not words, decide contests between nations when the sword is drawn. If their country is disposed, able and prepared to strike -let them strike-lay on Macduff. If they ment. are disposed to forbear to strike, and mag-doned. If it is not, except as far as the nanimously to give us an honourable and constitution and the laws of the country advantageous treaty, let them do it with a enjoin, they will give no sort of support good grace, in a manner that will "bless to the war. Herein they have uniformly him that giveth and him that receiveth." evinced and will continue to manifest "We admire the British nation, we their strong and unalterable sense of im entertain a just sense of the benefits they partial justice. If, however, Great Brihave contributed so largely to confer upon tain, with whom they have ever desired mankind, by their, recent glorious and suc-and struggled to preserve the relations of cessful struggle against the desolating tyrant of Europe. We say too, with Mr. Pinckney, in spite of the senseless uproar to be raised by the friends of anarchy and licentiousness, we feel a becoming admiration for her political institutions, se-glory in throwing themselves into the gap. amity and peace, shall in the moment of triumph, presume to impose upon their country degrading terms of accommodation, the federalists, as one man, will op. pose all their power to the enemy, and federal administration having justice and right on their side. Their conduct would he in unison with the same unalterable sentiments if any insolent attempt were They could no more avoid such a course, nothing from expedience. Conquer and than their nature would have permitted colonize, but count on nothing for capituthem to receive quietly the yoke destined lation. This would be the language of a for their necks when this unfortunate war was first declared, They do nothing from rashness, passion and prejudice. They decide after deliberation. The principles of justice are always carried with them in made to interfere with our internal gotheir deliberations, and enter into their vernmeat. It is absurd to suppose the decisions. Having decided, they remain English government, as impotently menaimmoveable. Of the grounds of the dis- ced by the Halifax writers, will require as pute between the two countries, they en- a preliminary stipulation to a peace, the tertain and have long since distinctly dismissal of Mr. Madison from office. Not avowed their clear and decided judgment. that any arguments, at this late day, are To it they will adhere faithfully and stead- necessary to convince us of the necessity fastly. Arguments cannot alter it, force of such an event to bring back concord, cannot make them abandon it. But if the prosperity and good government; but it is British government injudiciously or pre- a question for the American people alone sumptuously change those grounds and to decide.-We will support the president convert a good into a bad cause, we em- of the people's choice against all measures brace unhesitatingly the cause that be- of illegal domestic violence, or foreign comes good. In a word, let what language force. We believe Great Britain desires may be used by the English essayists, let peace, if she does not, we have no alternawhat pretensions may be set up by their tive but war. If she do, and it cannot be government, we will maintain the rights obtained by reason of the duplicity, insinand the honour of the nation. When using cerity and blind folly of our rulers, she the expression, honour of the nation, we must then judge for herself, of the measure mean always to be understood as separating of punishment which her power will enathe honour of the country from that of ble her to inflict upon these maniacs, and the faction in power. The illustration is the still more deranged people who supsimple. The honour of the country is not port them. In this event, though the inimplicated in the pretension set up by Mr. nocent must suffer with the guilty, we shall Madison to protect foreigners and yet he not regret a single blow that is struckcannot yield that pretension without dis- the harder the better. If the people have honouring his administration. Upon this really lost their senses, and they are only. question, will ever be separated, the ho- to be restored by blows, the harder and the nour of the country and the honour of the oftener they are repeated the better, for the administration. We throw out of view sooner will the remedy have the effect. entirely the folly, the wickedness and cor- We had better die than be kept in this ruption which plunged the country into its lingering state of torment. We pant for present lamentable and forlorn condition, peace If not to be had because not wantand look only to the rights and honour of ed by our rulers, the enemy will serve the nation. To these we will cling to themselves and render the virtuous porthese we will cleave closer, and yet more tion of this people a service by carrying closely the more they are endangered. If on as vigorous a war as they have demonall the powers of Europe were confede-strated in Europe their power to wage. rated to destroy our independence, and Full one year longer has this war lasted strip us of our rights, we would abandon already, than it would have lasted if car ried on by one party as it might have been, being conducted by the other, as it has been. ROYAL EDUCATION-THE CROWN PRINCE. It is for you to form the heart, and develop the understanding of my son; his favourable disposition will assist you in that task. By endeavouring to inculcate in him the customs and habits of this country, you will satisfy my desire, which is, that his education should be entirely Swedish, and the nation will be indebted to you for all the benefits which shall result from your attention. I wish you to direct your whole attention to inspiring him with a habit of application, and to teach him to profit by the lessons he may receive. sure the glory and welfare of his country. He should judge without passion, and with that dignified calmness which distinguishes good Sovereigns. Endeavour, Baron, to engrave these principles firmly in the heart of my son. I entrust him to your care at a moment in which he has docility to receive, and strength to retain every opinion conducive to the happiness of the Swedish nation. Repeat to him without ceasing, that one of the greatest curses which Heaven can charge a nation is to bestow upon it a weak Prince; that the destruction of states, civil war, and the slavery of the people are generally the dreadful consequences of the timidity of Sovereigns; that war is the most terrible evil that can fall upon a state, but that there are circumstances in which it is a salutary remedy to recal a nation to energy, to make it resume its ɛncient character, and to preserve it from the misfortune of losing its name by becoming the province is thus menaced, and cannot avoid disgrace of another empire; that when a kingdom without having recourse to arms, the Prince is no longer master of his choice; he must hazard and undertake all to maintain the independence of his country; that You will fill his mind with the examthose are the moments in which the enegy ples furnished by the reigns of good kings, of his soul is developed, and in which he and you will also excite in his soul that ought to be surrounded by men of probity ambition for true glory, which should al- and courage, whatever may be their poways have for its object the desire of be-litical principles: his grand object being ing useful to our fellow creatures, and of contributing to their happiness. You will strengthen in his heart the sentiments of religion, morality, and love of the laws of the country. At my son's age, the impressions he may receive will be preserved during his whole life; you must therefore prevent him from forming false ideas of what is called character; firmness, which forms the basis of the character of a prince, can never be regarded as a virtue, except when properly exercised. It will be easy to teach him that his duty should correspond with the feelings of his heart, when the relief of the unfortunate is in question; and that his benefactions should bear the stamp of magnipimity, and never that of ostentation or prodigality. the salvation of his country, the true method to obtain it is to proceed united against him who oppresses it. You must instruct my son not to place his confidence in the indiscreet or the prodigal; the former will betray him from vanity, the latter from venality. Religion, history, geography, statistics, mathematics, writing, drawing, and bodily exercises, will form the basis of my son's instructions during two years, after which period I shall entreat the king's permission that he may pursue another method. The study of religion leads to that of an amiable and beneficient morality; you will instil it into the mind of my son. He ought to be acquainted with the history of all nations, but in presenting this study, you should make him direct his principal atention to their government and laws, and to the influence of those upon A Prince should neither be subject to morals and public happiness. The art of fear nor to suspicion; he ought not to he-war should most essentialy fix the study sitate to expose his own life to in-of my son, and your attention. The indigent class of society should particularly excite the solicitude of a Prince; I wish my son to be convinced of this truth. A prince of our days must be a general; the terrible consequence of opposing a general, responsible towards his master, to a chief who decides every thiug for himself, has already been seen; you must then early accustom my son to brave the seasons, and exert his strength, in order that a sedentary life may not hereafter influence his actions and manner of thinking. ex necessary knowledge of finances and manufactures. The works of Winkleman will give him a just idea of the fine arts, and he may be inauthors, the most celebrated in that branch structed in polite literature by reading the of.learning. The greet art of education is to direct it to the wishes of the pupil; you should corsequently put into my son's hands those books of history, in the reading of which he takes the greatest pleasure; he should retain an account of what he has read in speaking rather other. I therefore think that to facilitate the than in writing; of Sweden more than any art of speaking, you should invite to visit my son once or twice in a week, from seven until nine in the evening, some persons, of whom you may make a choice, and of whose merits you are well acquainted. I should wish my son to devote some moments of his time to foreign literature; he will by that means learn to converse with foreigners on subjects which are often beyond the circle of a Prince's knowledge. It now remains for me to fix the hours of my son's employment, and his private habits. He should rise at half past seven o'clock, commence his studies at eight, and continue them until eleven. Journeys among the mountains, in mines, swimming and horsemanship, are the ercises which call forth energy of soul, by recalling the idea of war and of danger, which ought always to be present in order to be familiar. The study of geography should be constantly followed by statistics, and principally those of Sweden. My son must be made acquainted with statistics, in the most trifling details, that he may have a just idea of the resources of the kingdom, and be prevented from trusting to illusions dangerous to the people and to him. I desire that this part of his instruction may not be limited merely to arithmetical calculations: as it is necessary that he should understand this perfectly, it will be best engraver on his memory by travelling, and by conversing with well-informed men of every condition. In the provinces the peasants and enlightened cultivators of the canton he may visit, will convey to him notions upon the fertility of the soil, the nature of its productions, the price of provisions, and the taxes with which the lands are rated, &c. e. In towns the governors will make him acquainted with the general administration of their provinces, and able law-custom of seeing company gives case and yers will form his society during his residence; their conversation will serve to give him an idea of the jurisprudence of Sweden, before his age permits him to devote himself to the study of the law. At eleven o'clock he is to breakfast with his tutors, and gentlemen in waiting, at half and continue them until one. past eleven he may take some recreations On Sundays alone you may admit two per sons of your choice to breakfast with my son. From one o'clock until five in the evening he must continue his studies; at half past five on Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays, he is to come and dine with me (every ether day he is to dine at home.) It is in company and at a table that we learn gradually to know men and to venerate their characters. The grace, and overcomes that timidity so natura! to children educated in solitude and retreat, and so dangerous to a Prince, whom it exposes to become the dupe of a decided and presumptuous boldness. When my son dines You must profit by the curiosity which the with me, he will meet in one company all irst instructions will excite in the mind of my the first men in Sweden-he will hear the son, to conduct him to every place in which he conversation of the magistrate, the skilful may have something to learn; by this means warrior, the profound politician, and the la you will render these excursions a motive, mak-borious administrator; thus this society will ing him read both before and after, what-contribute to his instruction without the labour of study. ever may relate thereto. When he visits shipFrom seven until nine in the evening, my ping, he should be made acquainted with the most celebrated naval battle, and a well in- son may employ his time alternately, either formed seaman should explain to him the main paying his respects to their majesties, at the nœuvres which decide the fate of combats.theatre or a ball; or, finally, in those compaWhen he may inspect a fortress, he should be nies which he is to receive once or twice a accompanied by an engineer, capable of de-week, and of which I have spoken to you tailing to him upon the spot the science of above. He ought always to retire to rest by fortification, and that of the attack and defence of places. He may derive from Smith the ten o'clock. My son will Ahus labour seven hours every day, this time appears sufficient for his age. It remains for you, Baron, to determine on the nature of the studies which should occupy each hour, conforming to my desires in what should form the instruction of my son. One of the subjects of which I should have spoken to you before, is the tender respect which my son ought always to bear towards the king. In no circumstance whatever should he have any wish which does not correspond with his Majesty's; the chief end of all his actions should be to adorn the old age of his Majesty, and he should constantly bear in memory that no repentance can ever compensate for the slightest offence he may give to him. I seize with pleasure, Monsieur Baron De Cederhielm, this opportunity of renewing to you the assurance of those sentiments with which you have inspired me since we were acquainted, and I pray that God may take you to his holy care, and bless your labours. I remain, your very affectionate, CHARLES JEAN. MASSACHUSETTS LEGISLATURE. the neighbouring states been prohibited, but they have been "interdicted the right of navigating from port to port within the limits of the state, and of fishing on its coast." Powers which the people of this commonwealth had never delegated to their national rulers, have been exercised with unrelenting severity for their destruction, and rights which they had never surrendered have been torn from them by ruthless violence under the forms of law. To oppressions and restraints alike bostile to the principles of civil liberty and the express provisions of the constitution, it was not to be expected that a free people, jealous of their rights and conscious of their strength, would long submit in silence. To their national rulers therefore they made known their grievances and uttered their complaintsThey stated the ruin which awaited them, and humbly petitioned for relief-They appealed to the constitution, which guaranteed the protection and encouragement of commerce, so necessary for their prosperity, and to that union which was "re-established to provide for the common defence and to promote the general welfare”—But their complaints were uttered in vain-An inveterate Answer of the Senate to the Governor's speech. hostility to commerce, and a spirit of local THE Senate of Massachusetts have witness-aggrandizement in the south and in the west, ed with emotions of ardent gratitude to Hea-controlled our national councils. Under the ven, the re-election of your Excellency to the operation of these causes, the influence of the office of Chief Magistrate of this Common-eastern and northern states has been annihi wealth-The ability, integrity and patriot-lated, and measures fatal to their interests and ism so conspicuous in the public administra-hostile to their rights, have constantly marked tion and the private life of your Excellency, the course of that administration, whose duty affords the strongest assurance of the disin-it was to cherish and protect them. terested zeal with which your Excellency will It was then that the eyes of the people of continue to seek and promote the prosperity this commonwealth were turned to their legisand happiness of the people. In times of lature. They claimed of the immediate domestic turbulence and external danger they guardians of their rights that protection which looked to your Excellency for counsel and as-is their due. They demanded such an intersistance, and in your wisdom, moderation and position in their favour, and would not only firmness they have found a sure and certain relieve them from present suffering, but seguide. The spirit of party turbulence has cure them from future oppression, and restore been checked-abuses reformed-the rights them that constitutional weight and influence, of the people ascertained and preserved-the of which they had been so unjustly deprived. sovereignty of the state asserted and main-The spirit of firmness and forbearance which tained and tranquility restored to our coun-characterize the proceedings of the late genecils. These have been the fruits of your Ex-ral court in reference to those complaints has cellency's administration, and of that spirit of met the most cordial approbation of the secandour and moderation which your example nate, and they beg leave to assure your excelhas every where diffused among the people. lency, that the papers and documents upon The injuries which the people of this Com- this most interesting subject, referred to in monwealth have experienced, and the suffer-your excellency's communication, shall reings they have endured from the oppressive ceive all the attention to which their impormeasures of our national government, have tance is entitled. been great and manifold-and have been Since, the last session indeed, the people borne with a patience almost unexampled. of this commonwealth have witnessed, with Among these measures, the system of com- "peculiar satisfaction" the removal of one mercial restrictions, which for the last seven of the causes of their sufferings, by the repeal years has been so cruelly enforced, is not the of the embargo and non-importation laws" least considerable. Under the operation of and they are not without hope that “a milder this system, our citizens have been driven and more pacific disposition in the govern from their accustomed employment, deprived ment" will induce it forever to relinquish of the means of their subsistence, and cut off that odious system of restrictions which has from the sources of their wealth. Not onl" proved more injurious to us than the people has their intercourse with foreign nations and of Great Britain." |