Mississippi.... ...vol 13 ...vol 13 vol 12-13 Herring, L. W. WG Tennessee.. vol 12 Georgia... vol 13 Virginia.. .vol 13 Virginia... .Pd. to July 1848. Washington Society....WG. Virginia. vol 13 vol 13 vol 13 Virginia.....vol 13 GENERAL COLLECTORS FOR THE MESSENGER AND REVIEW. Wm. Gouldin, General Agent and Collector for Virginia. Thomas L. Jones is our General Collector for the States of Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee and Louisiana. Israel E. James, is our General Travelling Agent, for the following States, District of Columbia, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana and Arkansas-assisted by James K. Whipple, Wm. H. Weld, O. H. P. Stem, John B. Weld, T. S. Waterman, R. A. Henry, John Collins, James Deering, Isaac D. Guyer, and John W. Wightman. Henry M. Lewis, is our General Agent, for Alabama and Tennessee. C. W. James, is our General Collector, for Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and Missouri; Wisconsin and lowa-assisted by James R. Smith, J. T. Dent, E. Y. Jennings, T. G. Smith, and Frederick J. Hawse. Mr. C. W. James also makes a Fall trip to the Eastern States, and the District of Columbia. J. F. Johnston, assisted by Eli M. Stevenson, General Collector for Kentucky. Addison A. Bell, of Ala., is authorised to procure New Subscribers. J. F. Stanton is authorised to procure New Subscribers for the Messenger, generally. HISTORY OF THE COLONY AND ANCIENT DOMINION OF VIRGINIA. CHAPTER XXVIII. 1700-1723. eral, declaring some piece of service against law, the governor seized him by the collar and swore, "that he knew no laws they had and that his commands should be obeyed without hesitation or reserve." He committed gentlemen who offended him to prison, without any complaint and refused to allow bail, and some of them having intimated to him, that such proceedings were illegal, he replied, "that they had no right at all to the liberties of English subjects, and that he would hang up those that should presume to Rigid economy of Virginia; The Church establishment; oppose him, with magna charta about their Spotswood's tramontane expedition; Condition of Vir-necks." He often extolled the governments ginia at the accession of George I.; Spotswood's alter- of Fez and Morocco, and at a meeting of the cations with the legislature; Theach the Pirate; Com-governors of the college, told them "that he plaints against Spotswood; Harmony restored; Spotswood displaced; His character. Nicholson's tyrannical conduct; Capture of a Piratical vessel; William 11. dies and is succeeded by Anne; Nicholson's complaints against the colony; He is recall ed; Settlement of Huguenots in Virginia; The Church; Edward Nott Governor; Succeeded by Jennings; Hunter; Alexander Spotswood Lieut. Governor; His early history; Dissolves the Assembly; Assists North Carolina; | knew how to govern the Moors and would beat them into better manners." At another time he avowed that he knew how to govern If we are to credit the accounts of a con- the country without assemblies and if they temporary writer, Beverley, Nicholson de- should deny him anything, after he had obclared openly to the lower order of people: tained a standing army, "he would bring them "that the gentlemen imposed upon them ; to reason with halters about their necks." that the servants had all been kidnapped and His outrages, (says Beverley,) made him jealhad a lawful action against their masters."ous, and to prevent complaints being sent to [1700.] Mr. Fowler, the king's attorney-gen- England against him, he intercepted letters, VOL. XIII-57 employed spies and even played the eves- [March, 1702.] William III. died. His dropper himself. He sometimes held inquis- manner was cold and reserved, his genius itorial courts to find grounds of accusation military, his decision inflexible. In his fondagainst such as incurred his displeasure. *ness of prerogative power he showed himSuch are the allegations against Nicholson. self the grandson of the first Charles; as Yet some allowance may safely be made for the defender of the protestant religion and prejudice, some for the exaggerations of idle prince of Orange, he displayed toleration to rumor. The accusations have reached us, all except papists. The government of Virbut not the defence. † ginia under him was not materially improIn the second year of Nicholson's admin-ved. He was succeeded by Anne, daughter istration a piratical vessel was captured within of James II. Louis XIV. having recognized the capes of Virginia. The pirate had taken the Pretender as lawful heir to the British some merchant vessels in Lynhaven bay. A crown, Anne, shortly after she succeeded to small vessel happening to witness an engage- the throne, [1702,] declared war against ment between the Corsair and a Merchant- France and its ally Spain. Virginia was but man, conveyed intelligence of it to the Sho- little affected by the long conflict that enram, a fifth-rate man-of-war, commanded by sued. Captain Passenger and newly arrived. Nich- Nicholson, in a memorial to the council of olson chanced to be at Kiquotan, (Hampton,) trade, described the people of Virginia as sealing up his letters and going on board the numerous, rich and of republican principles, Shoram, was present in the engagement that such as ought to be lowered in time;—that followed. The Shoram by day-break having then or never was the time to maintain the got in between the capes and the pirate, in- queen's prerogative and put a stop to those tercepted her and an action took place, pernicious notions, which were increasing [April 29, 1700,] lasting ten hours, when the daily, not only in Virginia, but in all her pirate surrendered upon condition of being majesty's other governments, and that a referred to the king's mercy. In this affair frown from her majesty now would do more fell Peter Heyman, grandson of Sir Peter than an army thereafter. And he insisted Heyman of Summerfield, in the county of on the necessity of a standing army. Kent, England. Being collector of the cus- [1701.] Colonel Quarry, surveyor-general of toms in the lower district of James River, he the Customs, wrote to the board of trade volunteered to go on board the Shoram on that "this malignant humor is not confined this occasion, and after behaving with un- to Virginia, formerly the most remarkable daunted courage for seven hours, standing for loyalty, but is universally diffused." At on the quarter deck near the governor, was length upon complaint of Commissary Blair, killed by a small shot. and six of the council, Nicholson was recalled, [1705.] * Beverley, B. 1, pp. 97-102. Col. Nicholson, before entering on the + Robert Beverley author of a History of Virginia, pub-government of Virginia had been Lieutenant lished the first edition of that work [1705.] His namesake, Governor of New York under Andros, and the persecuted clerk, died [1687.] It is probable that the afterwards at the head of the administration historian was a relative of the clerk. In the preface to his from 1687 to 1689, when he was expelled by second edition, published [1722,] he says, "My first busi a popular tumult. From 1690 to 1692 he ness in the world, being among the public records of my was Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. From country," &c. In the same year, [1722,] an Abridgment 1694 to 1699 he held the government of Maof the Laws of Virginia ascribed to him, was published at London. (See 1. Hening, p. 5.) If the historian was so ryland, where with the zealous assistance of related to the clerk, it may account in part for his acrimony Commissary Bray, he busied himself in establishing episcopacy. Returning to the government of Virginia, he remained till 1705. [1710.] He was appointed General and commander-in-chief of the forces sent against Fort Royal in Acadia which was rendered to him. [1711.] He headed against Culpepper and Effingham, who had persecuted his namesake and kinsman, and against Nicholson, who was Effingham's deputy. In his second edition, when time had mitigated his animosities, Beverley omitted many of his accusations against these governors. In favor of Nichol son it is to be observed that his administration was more satisfactory in Maryland and in South Carolina. The fault in Virginia was probably not all on his side. the land force of another expedition, direct- James River. During the year 1699, anothed against the French in Canada. The na- er body of them came over, conducted by val force on this occasion was commanded their clergyman Philippe de Richebourg. by the imbecile brigadier Hill. The enter- Others followed in succeeding years. The prise was corrupt in its purpose, feeble and larger part of them settled at Manakiu, (Monunfortunate in its conduct, and abortive in acan,) town, on the South bank of the James, its result. This failure was attributable to about twenty miles above the falls, on rich the mismanagement and inefficiency of the lands, formerly occupied by the Monacan fleet. [1713.] Nicholson was governor of Indians. The rest dispersed themselves over Nova Scotia. Having received the honor of the country;-some on the James, some on knighthood, Sir Francis Nicholson, [1720,] the Rappahannock. The settlement at Manwas appointed governor of South Carolina, akin town was erected into the parish of where during four years he conducted him- King William in the county of Henrico and self" with a judicious and spirited attention exempted from taxation for many years. † to the public welfare, which proved highly The refugees received from the king and the grateful to the inhabitants, and honorably assembly large donations of money and probrightened the closing scene of his political visions and found in Col. William Byrd, of life in America. The intriguing politician Westover, a generous benefactor. Each seemed now to be lost in the eager, busy and settler was allowed a stripe of land running ostentatious patron of public improvement, back from the river to the foot of the hill. and the distinction which he formerly court- Here they raised cattle; undertook to doed from an enlargement of his authority, he mesticate the buffalo; manufactured cloth was now contented to derive from a liberal and made claret wine from wild grapes. a popular exercise of it. He promoted the Their settlement extended about four miles establishment of schools and the spread of along the river. In the centre they built a education, contributing his own time and church. They conducted their worship after money in aid of these useful purposes, and the German manner, and the surrounding he prevailed with the English society for pro- woods echoed their melodious hymns. They pagating the Gospel, to send a number of repeated family worship three times a day. clergymen to the province and endow them Manakin town was then on the frontier and with liberal salaries in addition to the pro- there was no other settlement nearer than vincial stipends." He concluded a treaty of the falls; yet the Indians never molested peace with the powerful Indian tribe called these pious refugees. There was no mill the Creeks, and by presents and flattering nearer than the mouth of Falling Creek, ‡ attentions, gained the friendship of the still twenty miles distant, and the Huguenots havmore powerful Cherokees. Returning to ing no horses, were obliged to carry their England, June 1725, he died at London, corn on their backs to the mill. Many amiMarch 5, 1728. He was an adept in colo-able and respectable families of Virginia are nial governments, trained by experience in descended from these Huguenots, among New York, in Virginia, in Maryland; brave them the Maurys, Fontaines, Dupuys, Lacys, and not penurious, but narrow and irascible; Munfords, Flournoys, Duvalls, Guerants, Bonof loose morality, yet a fervent supporter of durants and Trents. [1702.] There were twenty the church." t nine counties in Virginia and forty-nine parUpon the revocation of the edict of Nan- ishes; of which thirty-four were supplied with tes, by Lewis XIV., [1685,] more than half a ministers, fifteen vacant. In each parish was million of French protestants, called Hugue- a church of timber, brick or stone; in the larger nots, fled from the jaws of persecution to parishes one or two chapels of ease; so that foreign countries. About forty thousand the whole number of places of worship for sought refuge in England. [1690.] King a population of 60,000 was about 70. William III., sent over a number of them to Virginia, and lands were allotted to them on In * Martin's History of North Carolina, p. 232 and Hawk's, p. 78, et seq. Grahame, American Edition, vol. 2, p. 383. Hodge's History of the Presbyterian Church, Part 1. p. 31. Hening, vol. 3. p. 201. Which empties into the James about 8 miles below the fails of that river. |