Spanish-American Revolution, 361 f.
Sparks, Jared, 346.
Tallmadge, James, proposes amend-
ment to Missouri Bill, 375.
Speaker, office of, importance under "Tariff of Abominations," 387, 396 f.
Tariff, of 1789, 229 f.; protective, ad-
vocated by Hamilton, 233; recom-
mended by Madison, 336; upheld by
Jefferson and Calhoun, 337; act of
1816, 337; western farmers advocate,
381; growth of home market idea,
381 f.; history, 1816-1828, 385 f.;
sectional alignment, 386; act of 1824,
386 f.; "Woolens Bill," 387; Tariff
of 1828, 387, 396.
Tarleton, Colonel Banastre, in Revolu-
tion, 157; defeated at Cowpens, 159.
Taussig, Frank W., as author, 346.
Stanwood, Edward, as author, 270, 305, Taxation of America. See Grenville;
346.
Stark, Colonel John, at Bennington,
150.
States, adoption of constitutions, 167;
features of, 168 f.; popular dissat-
isfaction with, 184.
Townshend Revenue Act. Effort to
tax abandoned, 132.
Taylor, John, of Virginia, writes against
nationalism, 384.
Taylor, John W., of New York, anti-
Missouri leader, 376.
Status quo ante bellum, demanded by U. S. Tea, in Townshend Act, 126; tax on re-
in Ghent negotiations, 327.
Staunton Gap, 60.
Steam-boat, on western waters, 349; on
Lakes, 351.
Steuben, Baron von, in Revolution,
148.
Stillé, C. J., as author, 140.
Story, Joseph, supreme court justice,
342.
Stuart, Captain John, Indian superin-
tendent, 115; purchases Indian lands,
116.
Suffrage. See Voting.
Sugar Act of 1764, passed, 121; opposi-
tion of merchants, 121; opinion of
Stamp Act Congress, 123; modifica-
tion, 124 n.
Sumner, William G., as author, 399.
Sumter, Thomas, 158.
Supreme Court. See Courts, federal.
Symmes Company, 193, 195.
Symmes, John C., 193.
Talleyrand, Charles M. de, French
minister, 258; in X Y Z affair, 259;
proposes sale of Louisiana to U. S.,
285; on boundaries of Louisiana, 290;
suggests French mediation on, 291.
tained, 1770, 129; boycott of, 129;
smuggling of, 129; act of 1773, 131;
colonial resistance to act, 132; moder-
ates wish to pay East India Company,
135.
Tecumseh, Indian chief, 307; death, 319.
Tennessee, beginnings of settlement in,
117; growth during Confederation
period, 187; statehood movement,
197 f.; organized as territory, 242;
admitted as state, 242.
Territory southwest of the Ohio River,
Texas, immigration to, from U. S., 352.
Thames, battle of, 319.
Thayer, William R., as author, 241.
Theater, at close of colonial era, 64, 69.
Thomas, J. B., proposes Missouri Com-
promise, 376.
Thwaites, Reuben G., as author, 118,
119, 292.
Ticonderoga, captured, 143.
Tilsit, treaty of, 298.
Tippecanoe, battle of, 307.
Tobacco, beginning of cultivation, 15;
an enumerated product, 82; loses
special privileges in English market,
178.
Tories, American. See Loyalists.
Toronto (York), burned by Americans,
322.
Tory Party, in mid-eighteenth century
England, 89.
| Tyler, Lyon G., as author, 20, 37.
Tyler, Moses C., as author, 97, 140.
"United States," beats "Macedonian,"
University of Pennsylvania, 71.
Urban Life, general character in colonial
times, 62 f. See names of cities, as
Boston, New York, Philadelphia,
Charleston.
Tower, Charlemagne, as author, 166.
Town, as a local unit, in Plymouth, 23;
in Massachusetts, 26, 30; process of
founding, 32; functions, 32.
Townshend, Charles, becomes Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, 125; colonial Uti possidetis, demanded by British,
policy, 125 f.; death, 128.
1814, 327; abandoned, 328.
Townshend Revenue Act, passed, 126; Utrecht, treaty of, 78, 106.
Dickinson's opposition, 126; mer-
chants' boycott, 127; Massachusetts
Circular Letter, 127; smuggling in
Boston, 128; "Boston Massacre,"
128; partial repeal, 129.
Toussaint Louverture, 281 f.
Tracy, Uriah, senator from Connecticut,
on purchase of Louisiana, 286.
Trade, between Europe and Asia,
Spanish colonial system of, 8. See
Commerce.
Trafalgar, naval battle of, 297.
Transportation and means of communi-
cation, at end of colonial era, 74 f.
Transylvania Company, 155; request
for statehood, 197.
Treat, Payson J., as author, 202.
Treaty, between Portugal and Spain, 4;
England and Spain, 11 f.; Ryswick,
106; Utrecht, 78, 106; Aix-la-Chapelle,
107; Paris, 98, 112, 134; U. S. alli-
ance with France, 151; Versailles,
162 f.; Pinckney's treaty, 243; Green-
ville, 244; Jay's treaty, 251 f.; with
France, 1800, 261; Louisiana Pur-
chase, 285; Monroe's draft treaty,
295; Ghent, 326 f.; with Spain, 1819,
359.
Trenton, battle of, 149.
Trescot, William H., as author, 270.
Trevelyan, Sir George O., as author, 140.
Trevett vs. Weeden, 185.
Tripoli, war with, 1801, 278 f.
Turks, and trade, 4 n.
Turner, F. J., as author, 81, 202, 367,
368, 378.
Twelfth Amendment, influence of elec-
tion of 1796 on, 225; of 1800, 269;
ratification, 269.
Valley Forge, army at, 154.
Vandalia project, 116.
Van Rensselaer, Kiliaen, patroon, 46.
Van Rensselaer, Stephen, in campaign
of 1812, 317.
Van Tyne, C. H., as author, 97, 140, 166,
176.
Vérendrye, Varenne de, in Northwest,
Vergennes, Count de, policy, 151;
desires Spanish aid, 152; makes
alliance with U. S., 152; in peace
negotiations, 1782, 161; suggests
compromise, 162; complains of con-
duct of peace commissioners, 165.
Vermont, an independent state, 198;
admitted to Union, 242; constitu-
tion abolishes slavery, 371.
Versailles, treaty of, terms of, 163;
secret clause, 164; later disputes over
terms, 163 f.; lack of commercial
agreement, 165.
Vice-President, duties, 224; John Adams
first, 225.
Vincennes, founded, 103; in Clark's
campaign, 156.
Virginia, ignorance and hopes of first
colonists, 13; description of, 14;
settlement at Jamestown, 14; suffer-
ings of settlers, 14; exploration of
tidewater, 15; beginning of tobacco
culture, 15; spread of settlement, 16;
evolution of government, 16 f.; Indian
massacre, 1622, 18; first royal colony,
18; government, 18 f.; conditions in
1624, 18; rapid expansion, 39;
Cavalier immigration, 39; growth of
plantation system, 39 f.; social classes,
40; commercial system, 40; local
government, 40; results, 40 f.; settle-
ment of "Northern Neck," 42; west-
ward movement in, 42; movement to
Albemarle Sound, 43; Bacon's Rebel-
lion, 43; expansion into Piedmont,
60; settlements west of Blue Ridge,
60; country life in, 75 f.; negroes in
population, 77; commerce, 79; in
Revolution, 130. State: adopts con-
stitution, 145, 167; claims western
lands, 156; yields claims, 188; reser-
vations, 188; western portion desires
statehood, 197; ratifies Constitution,
220 f.; revises constitution, 382.
Virginia Plan, origin of, 207; provision
of, for coercing state, 210.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions,
passed, 264; replies to, 265; analysis,
265; authors' explanations, 266;
effects of resolutions, 266; quoted by
Massachusetts, 329; basis of South
Carolina Exposition, 389.
Von Holst, H. E., as author, 346.
Voting, qualifications for, and office-
holding, in colonies, 80 and n.; in
first state constitutions, 168.
Walpole, Horace, quoted, 98.
"War Hawks," origin of term, 308;
motives for war, 312; support of
Madison, 314. See "Young Repub-
licans.
War of Austrian Succession. See "King
George's War."
War of 1812, rise of war party, 306 f.;
preparations, 309 f.; President's mes-
sage, 311; declaration, 311; criticism
of war, 311 f.; efforts to avert, 312;
aids Napoleon, 313; resources of U. S.,
313; plan of war, 313; Federalist
opposition, 314; weakness of ad-
ministration, 315; economic weak-
ness, 316; timidity of Congress, 316;
war finance, 316; condition of army,
316 f.; physical conditions, 317;
inefficiency of officers, 317; campaign
of 1812, 317 f.; of 1813, 319 f.; of
1814, 320 f.; British plans, 321;
Prevost's invasion, 321; invasion of
Chesapeake region, 321; attack on
Maine, 322, 324; attack on New
Orleans, 322 f.; naval campaign, 325;
peace negotiations, 326 f.; results of
war, 332.
War of Spanish Succession. See "Queen
Anne's War."
Warfield, Ethelbert D., as author, 270.
Warren, Admiral, proposes suspension
of hostilities, 312.
Warren, Joseph P., as author, 202.
Washington, George, immigration of
ancestors, 42; education, 77; mission
to French in Ohio Valley, 109; leads
first attack on French, 109; surrender,
109; in Braddock's campaign, 110;
defends frontier, 110; chosen com-
mander-in-chief in Revolution, 142;
forces Howe from Boston, 143;
anger at Loyalists, 147; small army,
147 f.; defeat on Long Island, 148 f.;
New Jersey campaign, 149; loses
Philadelphia, 150; winter at Valley
Forge, 153; intrigues against, 154;
loses Battle of Monmouth, 154;
plans to expel British, 155; on con-
ditions in West during Confederation,
200 and n.; critic of Articles of Con-
federation, 203, 209; Mt. Vernon
Conference, 203 f.; member of Fed-
eral Convention, 205; presiding officer,
207; on coercive power, 209; elected
President, 225; journey and inau-
guration, 226; appointments, 226 f.;
attempt to consult Senate, 227;
creates cabinet, 227; adopts system
of etiquette, 228 f.; signs U. S. Bank
bill, 233; suppresses Whisky Rebel-
lion, 234; character, 239; desire to
retire, 239 f.; reëlected, 1792, 240;
treats with McGillivray, 242 f.; proc-
lamation against settlement of dis-
puted lands, 243; neutrality procla-
mation, 247; treatment of Genêt,
248 f.; sends Jay to England, 251;
grieved by party spirit, 255; Fare-
well Address, 255 f.; interpretation,
256; part in "affair of the major-
generals," 260; anger at Freneau's
attacks, 261 and n.; third term move-
ment, 267; comment on Republican
harmony, 267.
Washington City, in 1801, 273; captured
by British, 322.
"Wasp," defeats "Frolic," 325.
Waterloo, battle of, 321.
Watertown protest, 29.
Wayne, General Anthony, campaign of,
against Indians, 244.
Wharton, Samuel, lobbies for Vandalia
Company, 116.
Whig Party, in mid-eighteenth century
England, 89.
Whigs, American, rise of party, 138;
repression of Tories, 138; military
preparations, 138. See Patriots.
Whisky Rebellion, 234; results of sup-
pression, 234.
Webster, Daniel, on Hamilton's funding
plan, 231; enters Congress, 306; in
Dartmouth College case, 343;
consistency, 388.
Weeden, William B., as author, 37, Whitney, Eli, 348.
81, 202.
Wellesley, Marquis of, British Foreign
Secretary, 308.
Wellington, Duke of, advice on peace
terms, 1814, 327.
Wilderness Road, blazed by Boone, 155;
route of pioneers, 186.
Wilkinson, James, represents Spanish
interest, 199; connection with Burr,
288; campaign on St. Lawrence, 320.
Wertenbaker, Thomas J., as author, William and Mary. See William III.
West, influence on political parties,
269 f.; in Congress, 1811, 306, 309;
desire to conquer Canada, 307; on
War of 1812, 314 f.; need of roads and
canals in, 338; immigration after War
of 1812, 347 f.; democracy of, 369;
eastern prejudice against, 369 and n.;
rivalry of sections in, 369 f.; becomes
third section in Union, 379 f.; growth
of, alarms East, 381; comparative
vote in Congress, 384. See Far West;
Southwest; Northwest.
West Florida, claimed by U. S., 290;
sketch of transfers of, 290; hope for
French aid in obtaining, 291; occu-
pation of, 356; British base in War
of 1812, 357. See Florida.
West Indies, U. S. ships excluded from
British, 178; trade with Danish and
Dutch, 179; limited trade allowed in
Jay's treaty, 252.
West Point, plan to betray, 158; mil-
itary academy established at, 275.
"Western Reserve." See Connecticut
Reserve.
William and Mary College, 70.
William III, accession, 85; war with
France, 105.
Williams, Roger, founder of Rhode
Island, 34; advocate of toleration, 34.
Wilson, James, in Federal Convention,
205; favors popular election of Presi-
dent, 213 n.; favors equal rights for
new states, 216 f.; in Pennsylvania
ratifying convention, 219.
Winder, General W. H., commander at
Bladensburg, 321.
Windsor, Conn., founded, 33.
Winsor, Justin, as editor and author, 19,
20, 56, 119, 166, 202.
Winthrop, John, chosen governor of
Massachusetts Bay Company, 26;
disappointment with New England,
27; aristocratic views, 28; intoler-
ance, 33.
Wolcott, Oliver, Secretary of Treasury,
254; retained by Adams, 255.
Wolfe, James, in French and Indian War,
III; takes Quebec, III.
Wood, William, as author, 20.
Wood rangers, 101, 104.
“Woolens Bill” of 1827, 387.
World at beginning of modern era, 1.
Writs of Assistance, 125 and n.
Wrong, G. M., as author, 118, 166.
Westward Movement, in Virginia, 42,
60; in New York and Pennsylvania,
58 f.; in Carolinas, 60; plans for
settlements west of Alleghanies, 116;
pioneers cross mountains, 117 f.; ex-
pansion during Confederation period, "X Y Z Affair," 259.
185 f.; routes to Ohio Valley, 186;
migration after War of 1812, 347 f.
Wethersfield, Conn., founded, 33.
Whale fisheries, 77.
Yeardley, Sir George, governor of Vir-
ginia, 17.
York, burned by Americans, 322.
Yorktown, Cornwallis' surrender at,
in control of House of Representatives,
308; principles, 308; war prepara-
tions, 309; denounced by Jefferson,
384; plan internal improvements,
"Young Republicans," rise of, 306; 384; heirs of Federalism, 392.
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