"French and Indian War," causes, 107;
first campaigns, 109; declaration of
war, 109; campaign of 1755, 109;
campaigns of 1756 and 1757, 110;
alignment of European powers, 110;
relative strength of colonies, III;
French policy, 110; Pitt's policy, 111;
naval war, III; peace of Paris, 112.
French Creek, fort built on, 108.
French Revolution, 246 f.
Freneau, Philip, clerk in State Depart-

ment, 239; attacks Washington, 261.
Friedenwald, Herbert, as author, 166.
"Frolic," beaten by "Wasp," 325.
Frontier, in Virginia, 43; in mid-eigh-
teenth century, 60; conditions of life
on, 60 f., 79; relations with coast,
79 f.; Ohio Valley frontier, 379 f.
Fugitive Slave Law of 1793, 373.
Fuller, Herbert B., as author, 367.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 33.
Funding Plan, Hamilton's, 230.
Furs, added to enumerated products, 91.
Fur trade, in Virginia, 42; in New York,
45; in Pennsylvania, 59; as factor
in development of Canada, 100; of
U. S., on northwest coast, 179; in
Far West, 353 f.

Gage, General Thomas, governor of
Massachusetts, 135; situation, 138;
attempt to seize stores at Concord,
139; report on Battle of Lexington,
140; attacks Bunker Hill, 142; suc-
ceeded by Howe, 143.

Gallatin, Albert, appointed Secretary

of Treasury, 273; sketch, 273; plans,
275; success, 275; under Madison,
303 n.; persecution by politicians,
315; on peace commission, 315, 326 f.;
advocates war taxes, 316; recom-
mends recharter of U. S. Bank, 316;
mediator between Adams and Clay at
Ghent, 328; on influence of war, 333.
Gallatin, James, at Ghent, 328 f.
Galloway, Joseph, in First Continental
Congress, 135.

"Galloway Plan," 136.

Gates, General Horatio, receives sur-
render of Burgoyne, 151; defeated at
Camden, 157; superseded, 158.
Gay, Sidney H., as author, 241.
Gayarré, C. E. A., as author, 118.
General revenue amendment, 201.
General Survey Bill, 385.
Genêt, Edmond Charles, French min-
ister in U. S., 248 f.; designs on Lou-
isiana and the Floridas, 249; re-
placed, 249.

George III, control of Commons, 89;
responsibility for American policy,
90; character, 90; discredited by loss
of America, 90; on tea act of 1773,
131; unyielding attitude, 137; pro-
claims Americans rebels, 144; war
measures, 144; concessions after
French alliance, 154; opposition to
independence of colonies, 160; re-
ceives minister from U. S., 178.
Georgia, tardy founding, 54; motives
of founders, 54; classes of settlers, 55;
unique features of government, 55;
a royal province, 55, 93; land cession,
187; claims tract in dispute with
Spain, 243.

Germans, found Germantown, 54; settle
in Georgia, 55; in New York, 58; in
Pennsylvania, 59; in Virginia, 60;
in Carolina Piedmont, 60; defeat
St. Leger, 150.

Gerry, Elbridge, member of Federal
Convention, 205; motion concerning
representation of new states, 216; an
Antifederalist, 219; on X Y Z com-
mission, 259.

Ghent, treaty of, commissioners, 326;
negotiations, 326 f.; dissensions in
commission, 328.

Goodwin, Maud W., as author, 55.

in Revolution, 163.

Governor, office of, in states, 168.
Grafton, Duke of, on Massachusetts
Government Act, 133.

Granger, Gideon, postmaster-general,
273.

Gray, Robert, discovers mouth of Co-

lumbia River, 289, 355.
Great Lakes, British demand control
of, 327; Wellington's advice, 327.
Great Plains, crossed by Coronado, 6;
by Mallet Brothers, 102; by Véren-
drye, 102.

"Great Triumvirate," 306.
Green, Thomas M., as author, 202.
Greene, Evarts B., as author, 56, 97.
Greene, Nathanael, a blacksmith, 142;
successor of Gates, 158.
Greenville, treaty of, 244.
Grenville, George, colonial policy of,
120 f.

Grundy, Felix, a "Young Republican,"
306; quoted, 308; on expansion, 312.
"Guerrière," defeated by "Constitu-
tion," 325.

Guilford Courthouse, battle of, 159.

Hamilton, Alexander, measure for re-
demption of continental notes, 182 and
n.; advises Robert Morris, 182; critic
of Articles of Confederation, 203, 209;
member of Federal Convention, 205;
on coercive power, 209; argues no
conflict between large and small states,
211; in New York convention, 220;
author of Federalist essays, 221 f.; ap-
pointed Secretary of Treasury, 227;
advice on official etiquette, 228; First
Report on Public Credit, 230; report
on U. S. Bank, 232; report on
manufactures, 233; recommends ex-
cise, 232, 233; motive, 233 f.; and
Whisky Rebellion, 234; Federal-
ist leader, 235; sketch, 235; political
philosophy, 235; bank opinion, 238;
importance of implied powers, 238;
sympathy with army mutiny, 239;
opposes Washington's plan to retire,

240; offends John Adams, 241; favors
alliance with England, 1793, 247;
defends neutrality proclamation, 247;
retires from cabinet, 254; great in-
fluence with Federalists, 254; intrigue
against Adams, 1796, 254 f.; regarded
as head of Federalist party, 255;
rivalry with Knox, 260; war plans,
1798, 260; advises amendment of
Sedition bill, 263; refuses to support
Adams, 1800, 267; uses influence for
Jefferson in House election, 268; duel
with Burr, 269, 287; ideal of govern-
ment, 272 f.; opposes secession plan,
287.
Hamilton, Colonel Henry, British com-
mander in Northwest, 156.
Hamilton, Ohio, founded, 244.

་

Hamilton, Paul, Secretary of Navy:

315.

Hancock, John, smuggles goods into
Boston, 128; entertains John Adams,
129; elected governor of Massachu-
setts, 185; member of Massachusetts
ratifying convention, 219.

Hanna, Charles A., as author, 81.
Harmar, Fort, 193.

Harmar, General Josiah, 244.
Harrison, William Henry, delegate of
Northwest Territory, 245; governor
of Indiana Territory, 245; land pur-
chases from Indians, 307; Tippecanoe
campaign, 307; campaign of 1813, 319.
Hart, Albert, B., as editor, 19; as author,
378.

Hartford Convention, 329 f.;

com-

ments on, 329 f.; public suspicion of,
330; amendments proposed by, 330 f.
Harvard College, founded, 31; in
eighteenth century, 67.

Hawaii, beginnings of American interest
in, 179.

Hayne, Robert Y., on Tariff of 1824, 387.
Hazleton, J. H., as author, 166.
Head rights, in Virginia, 16, 39.
Helps, Sir Arthur, as author, 20.
Henderson, Archibald, as author, 119,
166, 202.

Henry, Patrick, storekeeper, 75; reso-
lution against Stamp Act, 122; radical
leader in Revolution, 130; declines
to serve as delegate to Federal Con-

220; on slavery, 371, 372.

Henry VII, 9.

Henry VIII, 10 f.

Hildreth, Richard, as author, 19.
Hillsborough, Lord, opposes settlements
west of mountains, 117; orders sup-
pression of Massachusetts Circular
Letter, 128.

Hinsdale, Burke A., as author, 202.
Hockett, H. C., as author, 81, 176, 241,
346, 398, 399.

Holland, as creditor of U. S., 200.
Holy Alliance, 362 f.

"Home market." See Tariff.
Hooker, Thomas, pastor at Newtown,
liberal views of, 29; leads settlers to
Connecticut Valley, 33.
"Hornet," sinks "Peacock," 325.
Hosmer, James K., as author, 140.
Houston, David F., as author, 398.
Howard, G. E., as author, 140.
Howe, Sir William, at Bunker Hill, 142;
inaction, 143; forced from Boston,
143; campaign around New York,
148; dilatory campaign in New Jersey,
148; plans for winter, 149; abandons
New Jersey after Princeton, 149; oc-
cupies Philadelphia, 150; fails to sup-
port Burgoyne, 150.

Immigration, Franklin's alarm over, 80.
See Germans; Scotch-Irish; and
names of colonies.

Impeachments, case of Pickering, 278;
case of Chase, 278.

Implied powers, doctrine of, 238; up-
held by Supreme Court, 343.
Impressment, British practice, 250 f.;
American contention, 250 f.; nego-
tiations of 1806, 295; "Leopard-
Chesapeake" affair, 296; climax of
controversy, 297; as cause of War of
1812, 312; in negotiations at Ghent,
326.

Indented servants. See Servants.
Independence, first talk of, 141; move-
ment for, 144 f.; Declaration of,
145; analysis of Declaration, 145 f.;
popular reception, 146; consequences
of, 146 f.; English Whigs ready to
acknowledge, 154; recognition of,
demanded by U. S., 161 f.; recognized
by England, 162; economic conse-
quences of, 177 f.

Independents, in England, 21. See
Separatists.

India, in fifteenth century, 1; reached
by Portuguese, 3.

Indiana Territory, created, 245.

port, 155.

Hudson Bay Company, organized, 104;
in Oregon Country (Northwest Com-
pany), 355.

Huguenots, in Virginia, 60; forbidden
to emigrate to Canada, 100.
Hull, William, brigadier-general in War
of 1812, 317; in campaign of 1812,
318 f.

Hunt, Gaillard, as author, 398.
Huron, Lake, visited by Champlain, 100.
Hutchinson, Anne, religious exile, 34.
Hutchinson, Thomas, house pillaged,
123; as governor, becomes Tory,
129; sons act as tea agents, 132;
replaced by Gage, 135.

Illinois country, land tenure in, 103;
settlement of, 103; relations with
Louisiana and Canada, 103; economic
life, 104.

Indians, Aztecs of Mexico, 5; Pueblos
of New Mexico, 6; massacre by, in
Virginia, 1622, 18; of New England,
decimated by plague, 35; relations
with whites - Pequot War, 36; dis-
turbances in Virginia, 1676, 43; King
Philip's War, 44; Iroquois League, 46;
hostility of Iroquois to French, 100;
Iroquois trade, 101; Fox Indians, 103;
Indian problem after French and
Indian War, 112; Pontiac's War, 114;
imperial policy, 112 f.; purchase of
lands of, 115; in Burgoyne's cam-
paign, 150; use of, in Revolution,
156; negotiations with, in Northwest,
in Confederation period, 193; policy
of British, 193; in Southwest, during
Confederation, 199; troubles with
Creeks and Cherokees, 1790-1794,
242 f.; resist white settlement in
Northwest Territory, 244; effect of

war with, on relations of U. S. and
England, 249 f.; Tecumseh and the
Prophet," 307; pacification of the
Northwest Indians, 1814, 319; South-
west, in War of 1812, 319 f.; British
demands in behalf of, 327; provisions
of treaty of Ghent, 328; land cessions
by, 1814-1830, 348; removal policy,
348 f.; use Florida as refuge, 357 f.
Intercolonial wars between France and
England, 105 f.

Internal Improvements, Washington on,
200 n.; recommended by Madison,
337; sketch of question, 337 f.; atti-
tude of Madison, 337 f.; Monroe, 340;
Clay, 340; need of, in West, 380;
state projects, 382 f.; attitude of
sections, 380, 383; Cumberland Road
Bill, 384 f.; General Survey Bill, 385.
Interregnum, in England, 45.
"Intolerable Acts," 135.
Invincible Armada, 11.
Iroquois League, relations with Dutch,
46; hostility to French, 100; trade
with French, 101, English, 105, and
Fox Indians, 104; war on Illinois
tribes, 105; rivalry of French and
English for control of, 105; acknowl-
edges dependence on government of
New York, 105; cedes lands, 116.
Irving, Washington, 345.
Isabella of Castile, and Columbus, 4.
Italy, states of, accept "Continental
System," 298.

Jackson, Andrew, campaign against
Creeks, 320; sketch of, 323; defends
New Orleans, 323 f.; occupies Mobile
and Pensacola during War of 1812,
357; Indian campaign of 1818, 358;
governor of Florida, 360; presidential
candidate in 1824, 392 f.; believes
bargain charge, 395; presidential
candidate in 1828, 396 f.; elected,
398.

Jackson, Francis J., British minister in

U. S., 303.

Jacksonian Democratic Party, rise of,
395.

James I, and colonization, 11 f.; dis-
solution of Virginia Company, 18;
attitude towards religious groups, 22;

character and ideas of government,
24; contest with Parliament, 24.
James II, accession, 50; and Dominion
of New England, 85; deposed, 85.
James River Canal, 383.
Jamestown, 14.

"Java," defeated by "Constitution,"
325.

Jay, John, on first talk of independence,
141; on peace commission, 1782, 161;
envoy in Spain, 1781, 161; suspicious
of France, 162; Secretary of Foreign
Affairs, 199; negotiations with Gar-
doqui, 199; in New York convention,
220; author of Federalist essays,
221 f.; declines office of Secretary of
State, 226 f.; negotiates treaty with
England, 251 f.; chief justice, 342.
Jay's Treaty, influence of, on planters,
237; effect of, on Spain, 243; nego-
tiations, 251 f.; provisions of, 252;
struggle over, 252 f.; benefits of,
253; offends France, 257.

Jefferson, Thomas, on town meeting, 32;
at college, 75, 76; radical leader in
Revolution, 130; drafts Declaration
of Independence, 145; declines place
on peace commission of 1782, 161;
minister to France, 179; and decimal
system of coinage, 183; drafts Ordi-
nance of 1784, 188; on members of
Federal Convention, 206; desires bill
of rights in Constitution, 221; ap-
pointed Secretary of State, 227; share
in assumption, 231 f.; opinion of
excise, 234; leader of Republicans,
235; political philosophy, 236; bank
opinion, 237 f.; patronage of Freneau,
239; opposes Washington's plan to
retire, 240; favors alliance with
France, 247; criticizes neutrality
proclamation, 247; resigns from cabi-
net, 254; Republican candidate for
President, 1796, 254; elected Vice-
President, 255; on war with France,
260; discountenances secession, 264;
drafts Kentucky Resolutions of 1798,
264; explanation of them, 266; can-
didate in 1800, 267; elected by House,
269; religious views, 271 n.; inau-
gural address, 271 f.; ideal of govern-
ment, 271; desire to conciliate, 272 f.;