432 UNITED STATES (STATISTICS). may be more properly designated as col- Nantucket, . . 7,202 Newport, . 8,010 ored persons than as Indians. (See In- Springfield, 6,784 Scituate, 6,853 dians, American ; Indian Languages of Lowell,(1832) 10,000 Warwick, 5,529 America ; and Tsulakees.) Newburyport, 6,388 Connecticut. Towns with a Population of more than Cambridge, . 6,071 New Haven, 10,678 5000. Taunton, . 6,045 Hartford, . . . 9,789 Roxbury, 5,249 Middletown, . 6,892 Portland 12,601 Boston, 61,392 Marblehead, . 5,150 Norwich,. 5,169 Salem, New Hampshire. Charlestown, 8,787 13,886 Middleboro', . 5,008 New York. Portsmouth, . 8,082 New Bedford, 7,592 Rhode Island. New York, 203,007 Dover, 5,449 Gloucester,. . 7,513 Providence, 16,882 Brooklyn, 15,396 miles for the summits of the Andes and the sources of America were fully developed, it would southern extremity of Patagonia. These make afford sustenance to 3,600,000,000 of inhabitants, an aggregate of 3,900,000 square miles, which, a number five times as great as the entire mass of deducted from 13,900,000, the whole surface of human beings existing at present upon the globe. the American continent, leaves 10,000,000 square And, what is more surprising, there is every probmiles as the quantity of useful soil. Now, what ability that this prodigious population will be in relation does the fruitfulness of the ground bear to existence within three, or, at most, four centuries. the latitude of the place? The productive pow- The imagination is lost in contemplating a state ers of the soil depend on two circumstances, of things which will make so great and rapid a heat and moisture ; and these increase as we ap- change in the condition of the world. We almost proach the equator. First, the warm regions of fancy that it is a dream; and yet the result is the globe yield larger returns of those plants based on principles quite as certain as those which they have in common with the temperate which govern the conduct of men in their ordinary zones; and, next, they have peculiar plants, which pursuits. There are many elements of disorder afford'a much greater proportion of nourishment now operating in Spanish America, but these are from the same extent of surface. Thus maize, merely the dregs left by the old Spanish despotwhich produces 40 or 50 for 1 in France, pro- ism; and the Anglo-American republic is a poleduces 150 for 1, on an average, in Mexico; and star to guide the people in their course towards Humboldt computes that an arpent (five sixths freedom and prosperity. Nearly all social imof an acre), which will scarcely support two provements spring from the reciprocal influence men when sown with wheat, will support fifty of condensed nuinbers and diffused intelligence. when planted with bananas. From a considera- What, then, will be the state of society in America tion of these and other facts, we infer that the two centuries hence, when a thousand or two nutritive powers of the soil will be pretty correct- thousand millions of civilized men are crowded ly indicated by combining the ratios of the heat into a space comparatively so narrow, and when and moisture, expressing the former of these in this immense mass of human beings speak only degrees of the centigrade scale. two languages ! We take for granted that the Latitude. Annual Rain. Mean An-1 Product. Ratio. Portuguese will merge into the Spanish; and it is Inches. nual Heat. clear to us that the Russian will never obtain a 60° 112 footing in the new world. Such a state of things 45 29 14 406 15 may be said to undo the curse of Babel, and re0 96 28 2688 100 store the great mass of mankind to their pristine Thus the same extent of ground which supports by the communities of Europe and Asia will be as facility of intercourse ; for the languages spoken four persons at the latitude of 60° would support fifteen at the latitude of 45°, and 100 at the equa: unimportant then, in the general scale of the globe, tor. But the food preferred will not always be as the dialects of Hungary, Finland and Bohethat which the land yields in greatest abundance; mia are in Europe at this day. History shows and the power of the human frame to sustain that wealth, power, science, literature, all follow labor is greatly diminished in hot climates. On in the train of numbers, general intelligence and these grounds, we shall consider the capacity of freedom. The same causes which transferred the land to support population as proportional to the sceptre of civilization from the banks of the Euthe third power of the cosine for the latitude. It phrates and the Nile to Western Europe, must, in will therefore stand thus : the course of no long period,carry it from the latter Latitude,..... to the plains of the Mississippi and the Amazon. 0° 15° 30° 45° 609 Society, after all, is in its infancy; the habitable Productiveness,...100 90 65 35 12 world, when its productive powers are regarded, Assuming that the number of persons whom a may be said hitherto lo have been an untenanted square mile can sustain withoui pressure is 150 waste. If any one suspects us of drawing on our at the latitude of 50', we have 26 as the sum fancy, we would request him to examine thorwhich expresses the productiveness of this paral- oughly the condition and past progress of the lel. Then, taking, for the sake of simplicity, 35 North American republic. Let him look at its as the index of the productiveness of the useful amazing strides in wealth, intelligence and social soil beyond 30° in America, and 85 as that of the improvements; at its indestructible liberty; and, country within the parallel of 30° on each side of above all, at the prodigious growth of iis poputhe equator, we have about 4,100,000 square miles, lation; and let him answer the question to hineach capable of supporting 200 persons, and self, what power can stop the tide of civilization 5,700,000 square miles, each capable of support- which is pouring from this single source over an ing 490 persons. It follows that, if the natural re- unoccupied world." 16 4 . . O . . 4,458 . Albany, Brighton, Mass., 972 Troy, 11,405 Brunswick, Me., 3,747 Rochester, *. . 9269 Wilmington, . 6,628 Burlington, V., 3,526 Buffalo, 8,653 Maryland. 2,523 Utica, . 8,323 Castine, Me., 1,155 Fishkill, • 8.292 Baltimore, . 80,625 Chillicothe, Obio, 2,846 Cleveland, Ohio, 1,076 Columbia, S. C., 3,310 3,727 Salina, 6,929 Alexandria, . 8,263 Crown Point, N. Y., 2,041 Brighton,* . . 6,519 Detroit, Michigan, 2,222 Virginia. 3,416 Hempstead, . 6,215 Richmond,. 16,060 Fayetteville, N. C., 2,868 Seneca, . 6,161 Norfolk, 9,816 Frankfort, Ky. 1,680 Bethlebem,. . 6,092 Petersburg, 8,322 Frederick, M. 4,427 Brookhaven, . 6,095 Wheeling, . . 5,221 Fredericksburg, Va., 3,307 Sempronius, . 5,705 Germantown, Penn., 4,642 Onondaga, . . 5,668 South Carolina. Guilford, Conn., 2,344 Huntington, . 5,582 Charleston, 30,289 Hagerstown, Md. 3,371 Hudson, , 5,395 Hanover, N. H., 2,361 Ellisburgh,. . 5,292 Georgia. Indianapolis, Ind., 1,200 Lebanon, New, N. Y., 2,695 Hector, 7,303 Lexington, Mass., 1,541 Litchfield, Conn., There are in the U. States 205 towns Schoharie, 5,146 New Orleans, 46,310 with a population of upwards of 3000 New Paltz, . . 5,105 and less than 5000 inhabitants, 64 with Tennessee. Lenox, · 5,039 upwards of 5,000 and less than 10,000, Warwick, .. 5,013 Nashville, . . 5,566 and 20 with upwards of 10,000. New Jersey. Kentucky. 3. Commerce, Manufactures, AgriculNewark, . - 10,953 Louisville, . 10,352 ture , and Mechanic Arts. We have alNew Brunswick, 7,831 Lexington, . . 6,104 ready treated, at considerable length, of the commerce and agriculture of the U. Paterson, . . . 7,731 Ohio. States, in the articles Commerce of the Pennsylvania. Cincinnati (1831), World, Agriculture, and Horticulture, to which we refer the reader for further inPhiladelphia, 167,811 28,014 formation on these subjects. The followPittsburg, 17,000 ing tables will serve to show, in some Lancaster, .. 7,704 Missouri. degree, the progress of the commerce of Reading, 5,859] St. Louis, . . 5,852 the country, and the nature of the articles exported and imported. There are a number of towns described in the early volumes of this work, which Commerce of the Colonies. were printed before the census of 1830 Exports to Imports from was taken. We take this opportunity to G. Britain. give their population according to that £309,136 £343,828 census, with that of a few in later 1710, 249,816 293,662 volumes. 1720, 468,190 319,705 1730, 662,586 536,862 Andover, Mass., 4,540 718,418 813,384 Annapolis, Md., 2,623 804,770 1,313,076 Athens, Ohio, 729 761,101 2,611,766 1,015,538 3,725,575 Ballston Spa, N. Y., ... 2,113 1773, 1,369,232 1,979,416 Bennington, Vt., 3,419 * The village of Rochester is situated in the It should be remarked, in regard to this townships of Gales and Brighton. table, that there was a very active trade G. Britain. 434 UNITED STATES (STATISTICS). THE SEA. U Year. duce or Man-ufacture of ufacture of States. . kept up with other countries by the colo- Summary Statement of the Value of the Manufacture of the U. States, during the Year commencing on the 1st of Oc- eign Produce exported from the U. September, 1831. Fisheries- Dried fish, or cod fisheries, . $625,393 Pickled fish, or river fisheries, Total Value of -herring, shad, salmon, 304,441 Whale and other fish oil, 554,440 53,526 133,842 Whalebone, 217,830 Spermaceti candles, 19,012,041 THE FOREST. 20,753,098 750,938 115,928 47,989,472 hewn timber, 1,467,065 Other lumber, 214,105 Masts and spars, 7,806 Naval stores, tar, pitch, rosin, and turpentine, 397,687 935,613 829,982 264,796 live hogs, 1,501,654 218,015 14,499 523,270 9,938,458 396,617 Indian meal, 595,434 Rye meal, .. 71,881 Rye, oats, and other small 132,717 41,147 Apples, 31,148 Rice, 2,016,267 4,892,388 25,289,492 216,376 26,664 10,105 AGRICULTURE. Indian corn, Brown sugar, of tin, 3,464 . . 7,068 Trunks, ARTICLES NOT ENUMERATED. RECAPITULATION. . . MANUFACTURES. $7,178 7,378 Fire engines and apparatus, 5,630 Manufactures of glass, 102,736 3,909 of pewter and lead, 6,422 353,013 of marble and stone, 3,588 39,440 of gold and silver, 114,017 and gold leaf, Gold and silver coin, 2,058,474 141,794 Artificial flowers and jewelry, . 11,439 292,475 948 5,326 4,412 6,109 26,848 62,376 21,827 394,681 .715,311 215,794 1,965 102,033 1,889,472 104,760 forest, 4,263,477 agriculture, 47,261,433 Manufactures, 6,752,683 96,931 Articles not enumerated, 1,109,992 947,932 Total, .... 61,277,057 2,397 Deduct gold and silver coin, . 2,058,474 facture of the U. States, . . $59,218,583 231 The exports of foreign produce for the same period amounted to $20,033,526. 59,749 Value of Merchandise imported into the 120,217 Ŭ. States from 1821 to 1830. 3,947 $62,585,724 1823, . 77,579,267 29,580 96,340,075 79,484,068 58,146 74,492,527 1830, 70,876,920 10,906 35,609 In 1831, the value of imports was 22,022 given, $81,310,583. . 1827, as American and Foreign Tonnage employed in the Coasting, Foreign and Fishing Trade, from 1790 to 1825. Foreign Vessels. Total. 682,871 228,496 26,439 937,806 121,403 700,500 375,207 33,223 1,108,930 217,413 Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States, exhibiting the Value of Imports from, and the Value of Articles of Export to, each Foreign Country; also the Tonnage of American and Foreign Vessels arriving from, and departing to each Foreign Country, during the Year ending on the 30th Day of September, 1829. TONNAGE. Value of ExPORTS. American. Foreign. Domestic Foreign Entered Departed Entered Departed U.States. U.States. U.States. U.States. Tons. 2,218,995 51,684 334,542 16,420 2,943 1,015 389 188 1,043 1,070 1,057,854 3,095,857 889,330 24,453 38,372 1,649 4,951 121,348 62,074 176,318 907 1,985 Dutch West Indies, 438,132 379,874 18,667 13,325 12,217 241 363 England, 23,892,763 21,281,334 1,767,457 169,207 179,843 61,011 60,722 Scotland, 1,024,215 895,315 19,493 2,275 2,609 9,908 7,699 Ireland, 362,511 327,728 366 6,113 4,833 6,185 2,502 Gibraltar, 247,471 301,132 160,130 5,718 8,701 British African ports, 7,787 116 British East Indies, 1,229,569 69,070 477,629 3,173 3,050 676 240,224 1,463 5,058 32,777 5,418 317 125 179 777,992 1,056,639 15,768 40,516 65,019 9,344 4,317 Bourbon, 10,502 Hayti, 1,799,809 814,987 160,171 21,370 18,164 3,205 2,988 Spain on the Atlantic, 327,409 545,753 545,753 139,732 7,806 12,719 167 1,550 436 remarks are from a report of a committee that the magnitude and extent of the and the enrolled 615,301. The following other nations. It may be remarked here, the registered tonnage was 576,475 tons, fifth gain, to 1,512,957 tons of that of tonnage is stated at 1,191,776, of which American shipping as equivalent, at one and fishery. In 1831, the amount of the gant to estimate the 1,260,798 tons of eign trade, and 610,655 in coasting trade British); so that it would not be extravaof which 650,143 was employed in for- their most judicious competitors (the making the correction, was 1,260,798 tons, freighting business, at least one fifth over 1,818,490; but the real aggregate, after duty, and the preference obtained in the correction, for the year 1829, was in celerity, in the performance of effective apparent aggregate of tonnage, without it may be inferred that the U. States gain and condemnations for several years. The ers in the despatch of business; whence an omission to deduct the losses, sales country a decided advantage over all othof the U. States until 1829, on account of burdens with fast sailing, have given this regard to the real amount of the tonnage years, by combining the carriage of large that there was a slight misconception in improvements made in shipbuilding of late of the treasury department; but it appears domestic industry (1831):—“The great This table is that furnished by the records of the New York convention of friends of UNITED STATES (STATISTICS) |
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