their ambassadors, commercial agents and commercial relations with other nations? That they are above some classes of animals we have abundant proof, but that they are far below mankind, even the Toltecs, Aztecs, and Peruvians of America, no one can question. As a further evidence in confirmation of this position, when we survey the labors and workings of the lower and lowest classes of animals, what is the progress of those which we see around us, over those which lived thousands of years ago? Their habits of gathering their food, building their nests, seeking places of safety for their young, defending themselves against attacks, and all they do, are the same when young as old, and the same in one age as in the preceding. In these animals there is no progress nor advancement; they are content with eating, drinking, sleeping, and giving vent to the passions of their natures. In view of this, survey the history of the negro class in Africa, and what has been their progress from their earliest existence to the present, except such as has been absolutely forced on them, to shield themselves from cold, or to supply their hunger? Consequently, like other animals, they can be taught, or learn to do like the whites only to a certain extent, when their reason ceases, and animal instinct manifests itself again. For ages in Africa, the negroes have lived only to eat. Their progress and developments are only made by contact with the whites! That there is a distinction in the progressive development of the negro class, especially when brought in contact with the whites, compared to those who have never been out of their native coun

try, we have ample proof in the slaveholding States of North America, in the provinces or departments of Brazil and Cuba, where slavery has existed nearly, and over three hundred years; and in other portions of America where they are now free; for full demonstrations we have of such in their whole facial contours over new importations.

They bear in all their actions a higher degree of advancement than those freshly imported into this country; and particularly so with reference to their facial contours and their general physical developments. If prior to this period, the destiny of the African negroes had been to have possessed the arts and sciences, so near them on the Eastern portion of that Division; if they had not been created in the scale of existence but little above the highest class of apes, showing thereby a close analogy between the two; if it had not been the custom for the Rulers of Central Africa to have immolated some of their captives, after taking them in wars, upon bond-fires for the occasion; eaten a few, and enslaved others; and if there had been humanity to have exerted itself in that benighted land, as in portions of benighted Europe, America would have shrunk from her task to have imported, christainized and educated, in the labors of the field, so many forms without human lore.

From the numerous negroes existing in Central Africa, their obedience, slothfulness, or almost perfect inertia, except stimulated by the cravings of hunger, and from their peculiar beastial adaptation to obey the dictates of superior intelligence and superior will, not only in that region, but on the Continent

of America, we are led to infer that they have no national characteristics; and in order to insure their progression to the higher scale of being, their thralldom must be continued to work out and reclaim, from the wild solitudes of America, that natural fecundity which she so superabundantly possesses, rendering it useful to man in the many multiplied stages of human advancement and refinement.

In most cases, the tenure of slavery on the Continent of America is growing milder, and much more lenient than formerly; masters are seldom accused of cruelty;—it is unpopular for one to be thus accused, and consequently much forbearance is brought into requisition, from the desire to gain the applause of our own people, where this institution exists.

If slavery be right to work out the destiny of this vast American Continent, as it would seem to be from surrounding manifestations which are apparent to all, the only true position we can assume, is that slavery can never exist in a statu quo state; the only terms to be applied to it, are pro and anti; the one will let it live by its progress, and increase the Southern products in proportion to the increase of slaves, and the fertility of the lands they cultivate; while the latter, though not in favor of immediate emancipation, would so circumscribe it by legislation, and limit the bounds of slavery, as to call for the manumission of the African race in the present limits of the United States, because the multiplicity of its numbers in the course of time, would permit no other alternative, taken in view the natural increase of the whites and the blacks.

Some pretend to say that the African can change his color, by living in the temperate regions of the world, and that he is capable of a high mental culture, neither of which untenable positions do we see hold good among the thousands with whom we come in contact. If the black class desired so much the advancement of their kind, and having been brought so long in contact with intelligence, from their earliest days in a state of freedom, and if it was as natural for the negro to progress as the white man, why is there such a marked difference in the free States among colors, where one rises, from the cradle, to high civilization and enlightenment, astonishing the world by the genius which he displays in every object he touches, whereas the former is content to imitate him in a few of the most primitive of the arts of mechanism! Is this position not beyond refutation? If God had designed the negro race for a free people and a high state of civilization, as he had the whites, and if he had not made them to work out a great destiry within the tropics of the Globe, where they are so peculiarly adapted by their unique and natural organizations, to reclaim the wilds of gigantic forests, why would this race have been formed unalterably as they are in shape of body, head, lips, eyes, color, and of all that distinguishes the progressive existences of color from man, if it was not intended, that there should not be mixtures of colors?

If our destiny had been alike, it would have been as easy to have had all existences of color like the white race, or the white race like them, and our Great Prototype; and yet there are a few enthusiasts who

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will argue that the negro or the colored existences are created after the Image of the Creator; for they affirm this to be a fact of all the races. In this there seems to be a palpable contradiction, for it is irreconcilable with natural philosophy, to suppose for a moment, that two colors, distinct in their natures and organizations, could be created after the Image of One Being, for this being must have had COLOR, as well as other natural characteristics, or he was not nor is a being; and hence we would infer that, speaking technically, philosophically and phrenologically, there could have been but one race of man created after the Image of the Creator, and that all others were created subordinate to him, filling intermediate positions between him and the lower scale of animated nature. Every thing, and every creature of a class we see, are full of proofs, as indicating distinct colors and separate organizations, from the lowest creeping plant, to Him, who has proved himself of all others, to be created after the Image of his Creator.

In the organization of the planets and stars in the Firmament, there was no chance work;-there was design with reference to weight, quantity of matter, kind of matter, momentum, attraction and repulsion; or otherwise, how long could they have revolved within their orbits, without deviation to the right or the left? and how long would they have endured collision without having been dashed to atoms? In all this we see perfection in their design and finish; and how much like this characterized perfection in the firmament above, is the Genius of the white race displaying itself in all of its artistic and scientific ad