Mortars and guns.

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Fort Moultrie.

Mortar Battery

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Columbiads

Iron clad, 4 guns.
Mortars
4guns.

magazines that were in casemates at the ends of the burning quarters, and then to bank up earth against the magazine doors before the fire reached them. While the quarters and barracks were burning, the wind, which was from the south, beat the smoke down into the interior of the fort, so that great inconvenience was experienced in seeing or breathing. Only a few shots were fired at this time. When the smoke of the burning quarters cleared away the fire of our guns was resumed, but slowly, owing to the lack of cartridge bags. All the material in the fort, all the old clothes, and even the engineer and hospital blankets and shee's had been cut up to make cartridges, but even this supply was exhausted. The supply of provisions was also reduced to salt pork alone. The flagstaff had been cut down by shot, but the flag was quickly raised again on the parapet. Under these circumstances Major Anderson consented to surrender the fort and march out with the garrison; this was done on the 14th April, when the garrison embarked on the steamer Baltic, and sailed for New York. Strictly speaking, the garrison might have held out one or two days longer, and perhaps a week; for, although the ration was reduced to pork alone, the men would have lived on that, and cheerfully too, if it had been necessary, for some remarked in the hearing of officers, "I would rather live on pork for two weeks than see that flag come down."

This terminated the siege of Fort Sumter, of over three months' duration, during all of which time it could have been easily re-enforced by vessels run ning in at night. As proof of this, witness the ease with which the blockaderunners during the war ran into Charleston, sometimes even through three lines of blockading vessels, and past our batteries at Morris island.

THE BURNSIDE EXPEDITION.

The coast division constituting the military force of this expedition, composed of three brigades, General Foster's, the first, General Reno's, the second, and General Parke's, the third, sailed from Annapolis, Maryland, on the 9th of January, 1861. Rendezvousing at Fort Monroe, the whole fleet sailed again on the 12th for Hatteras inlet, where most of the vessels arrived on or before the 15th. Here the whole fleet of nearly a hundred sail was crowded into a small anchorage, with insufficient room to swing at the turn of the tides.

A storm lasting several days followed our arrival. In consequence, many vessels were dragged from their anchorages, and against each other; some sunk at their anchorage, and others, at every turn of the tide, collided heavily and with much damage against neighboring vessels. There was no immediate remedy for these disasters. The bulkhead or swash, between the inlet and Pamlico sound, over which the vessels must pass to get into the sound, had only eight feet of water on it, whereas the draught of most of the vessels of the fleet was nine feet. The process of lightering the vessels and then dragging them over the swash, at high tide, was both slow and laborious, and was constantly interrupted by storms. But by determined and persistent efforts on the part of the general officers, and patient endurance on the part of the officers and men, the disheartening difficulties surrounding the expedition at this time were overcome, and the fleet, finally, safely anchored in the sound.

This was not accomplished until the evening of the 5th of February, 1861. On the following morning the signal to set sail was given, and we stood for Roanoke island, the gunboats, under Commodore Goldsborough, in the rear. Entering Croatan sound on the morning of the 7th, our gunboats immediately engaged those of the enemy, which retreated beyond a line of obstructions, (see sketch A,) and the gunboats then engaged the Pork Point battery. They bombarded it until 4 p. m. without silencing it, when General Burnside gave the order to land the troops at Ashby's harbor. I immediately ran in with the small steamer Pilot Boy, towing barges filled with men, but when within the short distance

of the landing discovered with my field glass an ambuscading force of artillery and infantry at the landing, and at once changed direction and landed at the point just north of it. Generals Reno and Parke also landed their brigades, forming a force on shore of about ten thousand men, which bivouacked for the night in a pouring rain.

BATTLE OF ROANOKE ISLAND.

Before daylight the next morning I gave the order to advance, being in immediate command. At daylight we came upon the enemy's pickets, and soon after upon the enemy's central position, situated in the middle of the island where it narrows almost to a neck. The works consisted of a battery of four guns, with wings of rifle-pits extending on the right and left to swamps deemed impassable, which, in turn, extended to Croatan sound on one side of the island, and to Roanoke sound on the other. The only approach to this position was by a causeway, about four hundred yards in length, over which the road led, which was completely flanked by the guns in the battery. In advance of this causeway the trees were felled. I immediately attacked in front with my brigade, and ordered General Reno to make his way through the swamp and turn the enemy's flank on the left, and General Parke to do the same on the right. This was found to be an almost impossible undertaking, owing to the deep morass and the thick tangled undergrowth. General Reno, however, finally succeeded, with a few men, in getting through the swamp on the left, and opening fire on the right and rear of the enemy's battery. This caused the cannoniers to fall back from their guns. At this moment I ordered a charge in front up the causeway. The enemy being flanked and thus attacked in front, fell back, and we took the work. A vigorous pursuit was at once commenced, General Reno and myself pushing rapidly up the island, while General Parke sent detachments to Shallow-bag bay, and to the rear of the Pork Point battery. We arrived at the upper end of the island before the enemy had time to recover from their panic, whereupon they all surrendered unconditionally. The two strong batteries at that end of the island, Forts Huger and Blanchard, also surrendered. The fruits of the day's fight were the whole island of Roanoke with its five forts, 32 guns, 3,000 stand of arms, and 2,700 prisoners.

BATTLE AND CAPTURE OF NEWBERN, N. C.

In accordance with the orders of General McClellan, which directed the capture of Newbern, with the view to an advance on Goldsboro', the expedition, both naval and military, sailed from Roanoke island on March 11, 1862. We effected a landing at Slocum's creek, about fifteen miles below Newbern, on the morning of the 13th, and advanced at once towards Newbern. After marching six miles came upon the first line of the enemy's works, which were deserted. Marching four miles further, and night coming on, we bivouacked in the rain within a short distance of the enemy.

At daylight, on the morning of the 14th, picket firing commenced, when General Burnside ordered me to advance and commence the attack. I did so, and soon came upon the enemy's position, situated about two miles from Newbern. This consisted of a strong and continuous line of earthworks, extending from the south bank of the Neuse river for about one mile in a perpendicular direction across the road upon which we were advancing, and to the railroad, beyond which it continued in a broken line of lunettes and redans for a distance of another mile further over broken ground to another road, where was a twogun battery, beyond which was a swamp. This line was defended by eight regiments of infantry, about six thousand strong, armed by three batteries of light artillery, in addition to the heavy battery, where the line met the river called Fort Thompson, mounting twelve guns, four of which flanked the line

In front of this line trees were felled for a distance of one hundred and sixty yards. I formed my brigade in line, with the right resting on the river, and, advancing to the edge of the woods, opened fire. General Burnside sent General Reno, with his brigade, to the left to turn the enemy's right, and held General Parke's brigade in reserve, near the railroad. General Reno, however, came upon the line of detached works beyond the railroad, extending through the woods, and was forced to develop his whole brigade to face these works. The weak point of the enemy's line was at the railroad. Here the enemy had two heavy guns on platform cars, but had been unable to mount them for lack of time. At the opening of the battle one of General Reno's regiments had penetrated the enemy's line at this point, but had been driven out again. After this, when my left regiment got into position close to this portion of the line, its well-directed fire overcame that of the enemy at this point. General Parke, taking advantage of the opportunity, advanced his regiments through the opening, and swept the enemy's line towards the river. As soon as I saw this I ordered my brigade to advance, which it did promptly, and the enemy retreating precipitately we entered the works. By sending a regiment to the right the river battery was captured, and then swinging around to the left with other regiments, in obedience to General Burnside's orders, we took in reserve and captured the regiments of the enemy still engaged with General Reno. The remainder of the enemy fled towards the city, and burned the bridge over the Trent river behind them. I crossed my brigade over the river by the aid of the gunboats, as ordered by General Burnside, and occupied the town, where, by the labor of the soldiers and negroes, we finally succeeded in extinguishing the flames which had been kindled by the rebel troops with the intention of burning the city. The fruits of the victory at Newbern were, the richest town in North Carolina, one steamer, two hundred prisoners, forty-six heavy guns, eighteen field-pieces, several hundred stands of arms, the command of the railroad, the cutting off from supplies of the garrison of Fort Macon, with the prospective capture of that work, and the facilities of the railroad for our advance on Goldsdoro'.

OPERATIONS IN NORTH CAROLINA, WHILE IN COMMAND OF THE DEPART MENT, FROM JULY 1, 1862, TO JULY 15, 1863.

General Burnside having moved with Reno's and Parke's divisions to join General McClellan on the Peninsula, I was left in command of the department. The earthwork defences of Newbern were at once commenced and pushed to completion. Washington, North Carolina, was soon after occupied and fortified. Subsequently Plymouth was taken possession of and effective defences raised at that place also. Here labors occupied nearly one year. In the mean time the enemy was kept constantly harassed by raids and rapid movements by our small force. These brought on engagements at different times during the summer and autumn of 1862, of which those at the following places may be mentioned, viz: Bacheldor's creek, near Newbern; Trater's creek, between Washington and Plymouth; Rainbow Bluff, near Hamilton; Plymouth, and Washington.

EXPEDITION TO GOLDSBORO', NORTH CAROLINA, IN DECEMBER, 1862. General Burnside having moved the army of the Potomac towards the Rappahannock with the intention of crossing, I was ordered by Major General Halleck, general-in-chief of the armies of the United States, to advance with my whole available force and destroy the railroad bridge at Goldsboro', and as much of the track as possible; the movement to be made simultaneous with the crossing at Frederickburg. Accordingly, having been re-enforced by one brigade from Major General Dix's corps at Fort Monroe, I advanced from Newbern on the 12th of December, 1862, with four brigades and forty pieces of