energies of the Government be redoubled, and let it go on with this war-not a war upon sections, not a war upon peculiar institutions anywhere; but let the Constitution and the Union be its frontispiece, and the supremacy and enforcement of the laws its watchword. Then it can, it will, go on triumphantly. We must succeed. This Government must not, cannot fall. Though your flag may have trailed in the dust; though a retrograde movement may have been made; though the banner of our country may have been sullied, let it still be borne onward; and if, for the prosecution of this war in behalf of the Government and the Constitution, it is necessary to cleanse and purify the banner, I say, let it be baptized in fire from the sun and bathed in a nation's blood! The nation must be redeemed; it must be triumphant. The Constitution— which is based upon principles immutable, and upon which rest the rights of man and the hopes and expectations of those who love freedom throughout the civilized world— must be maintained.

THE WAR IN TENNESSEE-JOHNSON'S PER-
SONAL EXPERIENCES.

The whole utterances of Senator Johnson were not mere ad captandum speeches, not mere "buncombe." His State, had at an early stage of the rebellion, been rushed out of the Union, almost without form of law, and certainly without the will of the people having been consulted. Mob violence reigned supreme. The lives of loyal men were sacrificed, their property was confiscated, and their families were hunted from their homes like wild beasts. In Middle and West Tennessee, loyalty gave way at the first outbreak of rebellious feeling, and treason flourished unchecked. In East Tennessee, that Switzerland of America, the case was different. Andrew Johnson, and thousands of sturdy patriots like him, had their homes amid the mountains of that region, and they preserved their love of the old flag untainted by the secession heresy. Whenever the question of the Union was

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at issue, East Tennessee, under the lead of men like Johnson, voted almost unanimously for the Union and the old flag. When the rebels occupied that section, and began hanging and shooting the Unionists, they still clung to their patriotic principles, and either hid in caves and dens, longing for the advent of the Union troops, or else escaped into the Federal lines and joined the ranks of the Union army. No such romantic histories have been known in modern times as the adventures of the gallant East Tennesseeans who resisted the brutalities of the rebels, and finally saw the old flag once more wave over the crags of their mountain-homes. Early in February, 1862, the army under Major-General Grant advanced into Tennessee, and won the great victories of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. The rebels were thus forced to evacuate Bowling Green, Ky., and Nashville was rendered untenable. The rebel government of Tennessee was therefore removed to Memphis. On February 23d, 1862, the rebel troops evacuated Nashville, and on the 25th the city was occupied by the Federal advance. A large portion of the State having now been re-captured, President Lincoln nominated Andrew Johnson as Military Governor of Tennessee, with the rank of BrigadierGeneral of Volunteers.

ANDREW JOHNSON AS MILITARY GOVERNOR OF TENNESSEE.

On the 5th of March, 1862, the Senate confirmed the nomination. On the 12th of that month, Governor Johnson reached Nashville, and the next evening he responded to a serenade, in an address, which he afterwards published as "An Appeal to the People of Tennessee." In the course of this address he sketched the history of the Secession movement, and showed how the government of the commonwealth had been wrecked, for the time, by

its leaders. He said that the Government of the United States could do no less than guarantee Tennessee a Republican form of government, and that his work was to accomplish that purpose. He promised that the rights of the people should be respected, and their wrongs redressed; that the loyal should be honored, and the erring and misguided should be welcomed on their return; intelligent and conscious treason should be punished, but no merely vindictive or retaliatory policy should be adopted. This line of policy was carried out by Gov. Johnson, with excellent effect, and from a condition of anarchy, Tennessee again put on an aspect of quiet and comparative prosperity. The Union men held Conventions, which had the effect of organizing and strengthening sound sentiments. Of course, while the State continued to be the arena of vast military movements, thorough re-organization could not be looked for, but Governor Johnson did all that genius, courage and unwavering patriotism could accomplish. From a diary kept during the early portion of Governor Johnson's administration, we extract the following interesting facts:

April 28, 1862.-Governor Johnson was called upon today by one William Davis, formerly a noted secessionist, who desired permission to ship one hundred and fifty bales of cotton from Arkansas through the federal lines to Cairo. "Have you taken the oath ?" "Yes, I have taken the oath, and given up the whole secession concern." Permission to ship was granted by the Governor. On inquiring of Davis, "Are the owners burning their cotton where you come from?" No, they are not such fools." On this day we were shown, in the State Department, some intercepted secesh letters from East Tennessee-one of which advised the selection of Tennessee regiments to do the hanging of loyalists, as the employment of Mississippians "might arouse prejudices." Another letter, dated Louisville, June 3, 1861, was from George N. Sanders to General S. R. Anderson, proposing the sale of certain pieces of

ordnance to the rebels. Another letter, dated Rogersville, Ky., July 1, 1861, appeals to General Anderson to "send arms, for we are surrounded and almost overrun with Union men." This was encouraging news to Governor Johnson and friends at this critical juncture.

April 30.-Ex-Governor Wm. B. Campbell, Hon. Wm. B. Stokes, Hon. Bailie Peyton, Col. Wm. H. Polk and other prominent Union citizens, are in town to night, consulting with Governor Johnson in relation to the best means of restoring Tennessee to the Union. The Governor is in favor of exercising the most rigorous measures against ultra-secessionists, the principal point of which is their perpetual banishment from the State, without the privileges of taking the oath of allegiance. Arrangements were made. for a great Union mass convention, to be held in the Capitol in a week or two.

As an evidence that the secesh do not mean to relinquish their hold upon their property here without a struggle, an incident that occurred will furnish proof:-Mrs. Washington Barrow, wife of a very rich and prominent secessionist, now undergoing sentence of banishment, appealed to Governor Johnson to know by what right certain claims of hers on the river front were infringed upon? "By the right of conquerors," quietly replied the Governor. The lady did. not press the subject, as there was danger of her entire property being confiscated.

May 1.—A number of secesh sympathizing merchants are here settling accounts with secesh, and giving them encouragement. Governor Johnson thinks "there are enough secesh South without importing others from the North." In course of conversation to-day, in the Governor's apartments, a Unionist related the following anecdote of Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-President of the Confederacy. Stephens was asked by a Unionist-" Can you answer your own Union speech ?" "No." Why did you desert us, then?" Stephens replied-" To prevent the Toombs men from plunging their daggers into the hearts of the Stephens men, and to prevent the Stephens men from plunging theirs into the hearts of the Toombs men." About the same time it was stated that certain prominent secesh had taken the oath prescribed by Governor Johnson. One of the doubtful kind approached Colonel who had recently subscribed to the oath, and said,-" Well, Colonel, I hear

you've jined. Is it so?" "Yes." "Well, I guess I'll jine, too," and took the oath amid some merriment, the Governor himself relaxing the usual rigidity of his features. at the quaint remark.

May 12.-To day was a great day for Nashville, and for Governor Johnson as the leader and champion of the Union phalanx in Tennessee. A very large mass Convention was held in the House of Representatives, at which ex-Governor Campbell presided. After speeches by several prominent Union men, Governor Johnson was loudly called for. The moment he made his appearance there was one universal shout of welcome. All present seemed to congratulate themselves on having a leader of so determined a mein in this crisis as the man who now stood before them. The delegates from the country districts seemed electrified by his presence, and, as one remarked, who was forced by the presence of the multitude to crowd upon our elbow as we were taking a few notes of the proceeding, "Andy Johnson's got the people with him, that's a fact." After the tumult of applause had subsided, Governor Johnson proceeded to address the audience. His remarks occupied three hours' time, and covered a large portion of the field of his present operations, with magnanimous references to incidents of the past, hope in the present, and confidence in the future. He said he now felt it the proudest moment of his life to stand here, under the Stars and Stripes, and on the platform of the Union with those who had differed with him politically. Taking the hand of the President of the meeting, Governor Campbell, and shaking it warmly, he repeated his heartfelt congratulations upon the auspicious event, and upon the prospect of a speedy restoration of Tennessee to the Union. He continued:-If the Union goes down, we go down with it. There is no other fate for us. Our salvation is the Union, and nothing but the Union. The only inquiry must be, are you for the Union, and willing to swear that the last drop of your blood shall be poured out in its defence? (Applause long continued.) He would say to others that he would toil through mountains, through valleys, through plains, at night and by day, and all his exertions should be toward the restoration of Tennessee to her former relations with the Federal Government.

The effect of the following passage in his speech was