Science vs. Superstition.-Science has gone down into the mines and coal-pits, and before the safety-lamp, the gnomes and genii of those dark regions have disappeared. But, in their stead, the process by which metals are engendered in the course of ages; the growth of plants which, hundreds of fathoms underground, and in black darkness, have still a sense of the sun's presence in the sky, and derive some portion of the subtle essence of their life from his influence; the histories of mighty forests and great tracts of land carried down into the sea, by the same process which is active in the Mississippi and such great rivers at this hour, are made familiar to us. Sirens, mermaids, shining cities glittering at the bottom of the quiet seas, and in deep lakes, exist no longer; but in their place, science, their destroyer, shows us whole coasts of coral-reef constructed by the labours of minute creatures; points to our own chalk cliffs and limestone rocks, as made of the dust of myriads of generations of infinitesimal beings that have passed away; reduces the very element of water into its cons ituent airs, and re-creates it at her pleasure. Caverns in rocks, choked with rich treasures shut up from all but the enchanted hand, science has blown to atoms, as she can rend and rive the rocks themselves; but in those rocks she has found, and read aloud, the great store book which is the history of the earth, even when darkness sat upon the face of the deep. Along their craggy sides she has traced the foot-prints of birds ard beasis, whose shapes were never seen by man. From within them she has brought the bones, and pieced together the skeletons, of monsters that would have crushed the noted dragons of the fables at a blow. The stars that stud the firmament by night are watched no more from lonely towers by enthusiasts or impostors, believing, or feigning to believe, those great worlds to be charged with the small destinies of individual men down here; but two astronomers, far apart, each looking from his solitary study up into the sky, observe, in a known star, a trembling which forewarns them of the coming of ome unknown body through the realms of space, whose attraction at a certain period of its mighty journey causes that disturbance. In due time it comes, and passes out of the disturbing path; the old star shines at peace again; and the new one, evermore to be associated with the honoured names of Le Verrier and Adams, is called Neptune! The astrologer has faded ou of the castle turret-room, and forebodes no longer that because the light of yonder planet is diminishing, my lord will shortly die; but the professor of an exact science has arisen in his stead, to prove that a ray of light must occupy a period of six years in travelling to the earth from the nearest of the fixed stars; and that if one of the remote fixed stars were "blotted out of heaven" to-day, several generations of the mortal inhabitants of this earth must perish out of time, before the fact of its obliteration could be known to man!-[London (Literary) Examiner.

Death of Horace Twiss, Esq.-We announce with regret, the sudden death of Mr. HORACE TWwiss, a gentleman who for many years enjoyed a considerable reputation as a politician, a lawyer, and a literary man. Mr. H. Twiss was for many years a member of parliament, and filled a subordinate official position in the government of the Duke of WELLINGTON. As a parliamentary speaker he was impressive, and, as a politician, consistent. Mr. HORACE TWISS achieved considerable distinction in the literary world. His Life of Lord Eldon, although, of course, much of the interest. lies in the original materials, is a biographical work of great ability and skill. He also contributed largely to the leading periodicals, especially the Quarterly Review. Many of the articles in the Times were attributed to him, and for some years he regularly wrote the summary of parliamentary intelligence which appeared in that journal.

Death of Samuel Maunder, Esq.-We have to announce the death, on Monday week, of this excellent man, and meritorious writer. Mr. MAUNDER was the brother-in-law of WILLIAM PINNOCK, (who married his sister,) and who was so justly celebrated for the course he opened and pursued with such ardour in regard to books for educational purposes. PINNOCK'S Catechisms will never be forgotten when education is treated of; and in their production MAUNDER was the true workman, to whom the youth of England were chiefly indebted for their instruction; and also for those of a historical kind, which were no less skilfully and admirably edited.

Decomposition of Light by the Eye.-A correspondent sends us the following:-"On closing the eyes, after having looked steadfastly at a sheet of white paper held in the sun for about half a minute, and covering them without pressure, to exclude extraneous light, (a silk handkerchief held in the hand will answer the purpose,) the figure of the paper remains visible for some time. At first it is generally white, and then gradually changes through the colours of the spectrum. All the colours are seldom seen at the same trial; and it rarely happens when one or more are missed that they afterwards appear. Thus, when the change is from green to red, yellow or orange are seldom seen. The change from white generally commences with a light indigo or blue, and terminates with red, or some compound of it--but sometimes with a deep blue or violet. The colours are generally seen at the edges of the figure first-though this is not always the

case; and when they once appear, they often rem
that succeed. Many curious modifications and conf
will be perceived at times; but it seldom happens ti
themselves, in the first instance, contrary to their
although when the last has appeared they occur in
a phenomenon which I have not seen noticed ar
seem to arise from the retina decomposing the light
rendering the rays in the order of refrangibility."-f

Terrific Theory.-Professor SILLIMAN me in boring the Artesian wel's in Paris, the temperatur at the rate of one degree for every fifty feet, towards t from causes known to exist, he says:- "The whole earth, or, at least, a great part of it, is an ocean of m violent winds, though I dare not affirm it, is still ren by the phenomena of volcanoes. The facts connect have been ascertained and placed beyond a doubt. I be accounted for? The theory, prevalent some yea caused by the combustion of immense coal beds, is p entirely abandoned. All the coal in the world could for a single capital exhibition of Vesuvius. We must and I have but little doubt that the whole rests on the galvanic principles, which are constantly in operatio

Beautiful Microscopic Appearance of Du persons who are anxious to banish the Duckweed fro ever examine the stem of this little plant under the m promise them a treat which will both astonish and del weather, and examined with a good light, they will fi panularia, or bell-shaped animalcula, attached to the s in great abundance. This compound creature consists in every direction like a bunch of grapes, the end of ea in a bell-shaped, living, and distinctly organized bei bell is fringed with most delicate ciliæ, by which a cur the animalcules, and small particles of decomposi brought constantly within reach of its mouth. Do you touch the stand o your microscope never so gently quicker than thought, every bell will shrink and colla the Duckweed; and again, when the motion ceases, cate and beautiful bells, to perform their destined duty stagnent water, the preservation of human life.

Elching and Engraving in Black Marble feature connected with the manufacture of black mar by the application of an acid, representations of figure hieroglyphics, and other objects upon a polished surfac ployed in doing this kind of engraving is similar to that to copper-viz., by first tracing with wax or varnish object intended to be represented; then, when the pr set, with a point marking in the finer parts of the figu with an acid, which bites off the polished surface of t not covered with the preparation, leaving those parts standing in slight relief; the wax is then cleared off. that any one with a knowledge of drawing could pra art; not so, however, with regard to another style of e which I will mention, and which is peculiarly Engli from abroad being unknown. There is no preparation tion of acid used here, the entire process is done by diamonds, hence called the "diamond engraving." that for effect in this work the artist is confined to a viz., from a black polished surface to a grey ground, th marble before it is polished.--[The Builder.

The Mystery of the Pyramids.-It is remarkal thousand years of ancient inquiry, and at least a centu toilsome research by modern scholarship, the world kn pyramids than it knew when the priesthood kept all t By whom they were built, for what, or when, have gi of researches; but to those questions no answers hav the paper they cost in answering. Whether they we slaves or Asiatic invaders, for sacrifice or sepulture, o glory of individua! kings, or for the memory of dynas houses, or for astronomical purposes, or for the mere multitude-workhouses having probably found their ori the rough ostentation of royal power, all are points und travels of Herodotus. But that they must have cost s is full evidence-the great pyramid covering 13 acres-stone equal to six Plymouth breakwaters, and rising to or 15 feet higher than St. Peter's spire, and 119 feet hig [Blackwood's Magazine.

Editorial Notices.

FREE SCHOOLS IN THE CITY OF TORONTO.-The Public Schools of the Metropolis of Upper Canada, after having been closed for pwards of twelve months by the corporate authorities, have at ength been thrown open Free to the public. After a year's unrestrained association together in the streets of the City, indulgng in vice and profanity, the children are again admitted to the school-room to be placed under its moral and intellectual restraint sufficiently long, if that were possible, to counteract the evil effects of a twelve months' training in the schools of indolence and vice.

The City of Toronto, on the eve of repealing the Law by which she is enabled to exercise supreme Municipal control in adopting effective general measures for establishing a gradation of superior Schools rendered free of access to the thousands of her school population by the imposition of a trifling tax upon the whole property of the City, comes forward to test the experiment of Free Schools. It will be curious and interesting to note the difference In the effect of the operation of the partial and universal systems of popular Education on the school attendance of the Pupils. Last year, out of a school population of 5500, but 1678 are reported as having attended the Common Schools-and those only during six months of the year! While in the Town of Niagara, under the Free School system, with a school population of 668, 716including pupils above the age of 16 years, &c.—are reported as having attended the Common Schools during the entire year. The. contrast is striking; but it is the result of the operation of the same School Law in the two ex-capitals of Upper Canada during the same year.

We sincerely hope that, after trying the experiment herself, the City of Toronto may, as did Niagara, decide by a popular vote that the public peace and morals will be much better conserved by having her thousands of idle boys industriously and appropriately engaged receiving instruction in her hitherto empty school-houses than in contracting vicious habits in the streets and on the sidewalks of the City.

THE APPORTIONMENT OF THE LEGISLATIVE SCHOOL GRANT FOR THE YEAR 1849, has been notified to the District Superintendents and Chairmen of the Boards of Trustees of Cominon Schools in the various Cities and Incorporated Towns of Upper Canada, with two exceptions-the Town of Bytown and the District of Dalhousie. The amount apportioned to each District, City, and Town, entitled to receive an apportionment, will be payable, as usual, on the 1st of August next, to the District Superintendents and Treasurers of the Cities and Incorporated Towns, on the Warrant of His Excelency the Governor-General, at the office of the Honourable the Inspector-General, Montreal. Parties in whose favour the Warrants will issue will require, if they have not already done so, to transmit to their Agent in Montreal two Powers-of-Attorney-one to De lodged with the Inspector-General and the other to be retained by the Agent appointed. Personal application alone would obviate he necessity of this arrangement.

EDUCATIONAL PERIODICALS, &c., RECEIVED.

THE SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION.

Knoxville, Tenn. U. S. pp, 20, monthly, $1 per annum. Edited by S. A. JEWETT and S. S. RANDALL, Esquires. There are two Educational Periodicals published at Knoxville, Tenn. The second we noticed last week. The one now under onsideration is edited with much taste and judgment, and is well

The

filled with educational materiel-historical, statistical, and argumentative. S. S. RANDALL, Esq., late Deputy Superintendent of Common Schools in the State of New-York-a gentleman of very superior abilities, and long and popularly known in connexion with School affairs in that State-is the Corresponding Editor. articles from his pen are written with much vivacity and force. We have much pleasure in transferring some of them to our columns. It is gratifying to witness the emulation of the Southern States to rival the progress and success of the Northern States in promoting popular Education and intelligence.

THE STUDENT, & Family Magazine and Monthly School-Reader. New-York: pp. 32, $1 per annum. Edited by Messrs. PLUMAN, CALKINS, and PAINE.

This is a publication with which we are much pleased. It is admirably conducted, and is strictly what it professes to be-& School Reader. The selections are beautiful and highly appropriate; and each article is accompanied with a minature pronouncing dictionary of the abstruse terms and words which occur in the lesson. The publication is divided into three parts-for the student, the general reader, and the young pupil. We have no doubt that the third part is a great favourite with the juvenile trio-the face of "The old Man with a Staff" beams so benignantly on the smiling group around him as he tells them the pretty little stories so interesting to the mind of guileless, happy childhood.

SINCLAIR'S JOURNAL OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.
Quebec pp. 16, semi-monthly, $1 per annum. Edited by P.
SINCLAIR, Esquire.

This is indeed a very cheap and very entertaining publication. Its Sketches of Distinguished Men form a new feature in Canadian periodical literature, and will prove highly attractive to the general reader. The selections evince correct literary taste.

THE CANADIAN GEM AND FAMILY VISITOR, a Literary and Religious Magazine. Toronto: pp. 28, monthly, $1 per annum. Edited by the Rev. J. H. LEONARD.

This publication has entered upon its second year, and is very much improved in its appearance. Its articles are all of a high moral tone and generally very interesting and varied. Two views -north and south-of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum are given in the numbers issued this year. They were lithographed by Messrs. ScOBIE & BALFOUR, and serve to indicate, as the Editor remarks, the progress of Canadian art.

WRIGHT'S CASKET AND PAPER are excellent educational papers, published monthly at Philadelphia, at $1 per annum. They are devoted to universal Education, the Education of Mothers, and the promotion of Home joys, &c. These subjects are ably advocated in these papers. columns.

Some of the articles we have transferred to our

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS-To the 22nd of June, inclusive.

Rem. for Vol. I. from R. Douglas, Esq., D. C.; R. E. Matheson, Esq., D. C.-for Vols. and II., from J. McFarlane, Rev. Wm. Case, Supt. Eastern District-for Vol. II, from Supt. Simcoe District (5 copies), Supt. Brock District, J. Armistead, Rev. J. Gemly (2), J. Rogerson.

Back Numbers supplied to all new Subscribers. The 1st Vol., neatly stitched, may be obtained for 5s. All communications to be addressed to Mr. J. GEORGE HODGINS, Education Office, Toronto.

TORONTO:- Printed and Published by J. H. LAWRENCE; and may be obtained from SCOBIF & BALFOUR and A. GREEN, Toronto; JOHN M'Coy, Montreal; P. SINCLAIR, Quebec; MATTHEW MACZENDRICK, Hamilton; J. IZARD, Weedstock, and D.M. DEWEY, Arcade-Hall, Rochester, N.Y.

Having for the last few months devoted this page to the illustration of the department of "School Architecture;" and having inserted several very handsome Academy and Grammar School front views, we now diverge slightly from our usual and original design, and present our readers with the Front View of a very neat and pretty Suburban Cottage residence. We are the more disposed to vary our engravings on this subject, because, as far as we are aware, no architectural contributions of any kind have as yet appeared in any of our Provincial periodicals or magazines. We are anxious too to cultivate and promote a taste for improved Cottage, as well as School-house, Architecture.

The beautiful engraving of a cottage, in the English style which heads this article, is a copy of one of Mr. RANLETT's elegant lithographic prints, in the fifth number of his new and useful work on Cottage Architecture,-" The Architect."

The great number of cottages, which have been erected in the suburbs of London, in latter years, has afforded the finest opportunity for the application of improved taste and skill in cottage architecture, and the result is a vast amount of rural scenery, comprising in great harmony, highly impoved gardens and yards with their exquisite flowers, their shrubs and vines, constituting views which are admired by visitors from all countries. One of the chief

sources of the beauty of these rural residenc the houses on the lots, which are back suffi yards for the cultivation of plants and vines, and trained in graceful combinations with the of the cottage, thus heightening the general the influence of various parts.

The general characteristics of a residence by the tastes, habits and circumstances of th occupy it. There is very properly, a great dimensions in rural residences. Cottages an most appropriate dwellings for those who ai comfort in the simple independence of count houses, one story, or one and a half high, m style, and possess all the desired accessori verandahs, balconies, pediments, &c.

The construction of dwellings is a departm investment, which involves various considera It should be remembered that a dwelling is accommodation of a family. Sound philoso require that the site, form, and character of suited to its use and the expression of its d affords to a house à natural protection, both i

Miscellaneous.

TEACHERS' WAGE S.

BY S. S. RANDALL, ESQ.

One great and serious obstacle to the advancement of sound education among us, consists, beyond all question, in the meagre and scanty compensation which is accorded, under a false view of economy, to those who are disposed to devote themselves to the usiness of teaching, as a profession. It is believed that there is

o calling, within the comprehensive circle of social civilization, bove that of the common day-laborer, which promises less, in a ecuniary point of view, than that of the instructor of youth-none which offers less substantial inducements to genius, talent and worth. And yet we apprehend, few will be found so destitute of judgment and candor, as to allege that in all the requisites of character, _bility, mental culture, persevering effort, time, study and knowedge, the teacher in any respect, if suitably qualified for his proTession, falls behind the great body of those who fill up the ranks nd participate in the rich rewards of the other and more favoured classes of society.

It is, at least, a little singular that in this respect the march of modern civilization has fallen far behind that of ancient times. ADAM SMITH tells us, and history confirms the assertion, that prior o the invention of the art of printing, in the fifteenth century, the he sole employment by which a man of letters could avail himself of his talents was that of a public or private teacher-by the veral communication to others of the curious and useful knowledge he might have acquired. ISOCRATES, in his celebrated discourse against he Sophists, reproaches the teachers of his own time with inconistency, in that "they make the most magnificent promises to their scholars, and undertake to teach them to be wise, to be happy and to be just, and in return for so important a service they stipuate for the paltry reward of four or five minas," (between $80 and $100). "They who teach wisdom," he continues, "ought cerainly to be wise themselves; but if any man were to sell such a arguin, for such a price, he would be convicted of the most evilent folly." IsoCRATES himself, we are informed, demanded ten ninas, or about $150 from each of those persons who attended his course of lectures on Rhetoric at Athens. He must have made, herefore, from the hundred pupils who we are assured participated n the benefits of his teaching during a single season, the comfortble sum of at least fifteen thousand dollars. Indeed PLUTARCH -xpressly informs us that a thousand minas was his usual income for eaching. Many other eminent teachers in those times appear to ave acquired great fortunes. GORGIAS, we are told, made a preent to the temple of Delphi, of his own statue, (probably not the size of life, as the mines of California were then unknown,) in solid old. His way of living, as well as that of HIPPIAS and PYTHAGORAS, two other eminent teachers of that day, is represented by PLATO as splendid even to ostentation. PLATO himself is said to ave lived with a good deal of magnificence. ARISTOTLE, after aving been tutor to ALEXANDER, and most munificently rewarded oth by his illustrious pupil and his father, PHILIP of Macedon, hought it worth while, notwithstanding, to return to Athens, in order to resume teaching. The most eminent among the scientific nen of this golden age, of literature, appear always to have enjoyed degree of consideration much superior to any of the like profesion in more modern times. The Athenians sent CAVNEADES, the Academic, and DIOGENES, the Stoic, upon a solemn embassy to

Rome.

These particulars, gathered principally from ADAM SMITH'S Well known work on the Wealth of Nations, sufficiently indicate not only the high consideration with which the instruction of youth vas regarded among the most civilized nations of antiquity, but he opinion of this philosophic statesman, of the short-sighted penuiousness which characterizes our modern times, in this respect. The average amount of compensation received by the best qualified nale teachers in our public and private elementary institutions of earning would not, we apprehend, reach five hundred dollars per nnum; and if a man, with a family to provide for, educate and upport, can succeed in obtaining twice this sum for devoting himelf assiduously and entirely to the instruction of young gentlemen nd ladies in our higher institutions, he does well. Is this the

case in any other profession? Where is the lawyer, the physician, the divine, the legislator, the architect, the artist, the painter, the sculptor, the musician, thoroughly trained tɔ his calling and capable of excelling in it, who will be satisfied with such a compensation? Is it not high time that more elevated conceptions of the dignity and importance of the teacher's calling were beginning to prevail? The labourer, in this, the most responsible department of human exertion, is surely worthy of his hire; and ungrudgingly, fairly, liberally, should it be meted out to him.

DEPORTMENT IN THE TEACHER.

When we take into consideration the almost unlimited influence which the Teacher may, and almost unconsciously does exert, over his pupils, especially in his general bearing and manners, we cannot but feel the reality of the truth, that he teaches by example no less than by precept. One great aim of education is to improve and refine the manners. The man who has improved his intel1.ctual powers in the most eminent degree, but who is unable to discharge properly his social duties, may still be considered as wanting one of the most essential parts of a good education. The chain that should bind him in close affinity to his fellow-mortale, his friends, neighbours, and associates, has one broken link, and, after all, he is little better than a blank in society. If his manners are repulsive and disagreeable, instead of being courted and admired, he is disliked and shunned. The position of such an individual is far from being enviable. Obliged, almost of necessity, to debar himself from the pleasures of social intercourse, he cannot be happy himself, nor can he be the means of rendering others happy. True education leads to entirely different results. The teacher is its minister. He is commissioned to educate the rising generation in the true sense of the term; to educate the people intellectually, morally, physically, and socially; and in the discharge of his arduous and responsible trust, he should be careful not to omit that most important article in his commission,-the improvement of his pupils' manners.

What, then, constitutes proper deportment in a Teacher? By the Teacher's deportment, is meant his manners, or general behaviour, both in and out of the school-room. It certainly should be manly on all occasions; never haughty or arbitrary. Calmness and decision should be predominant qualities in his mental constitution. No passion should ever be permitted to manifest itself, at least, in the presence of his pupils. In short, he should always be pleasant, kind, and affable. Whenever and wherever the instructor meets a pupil out of the school-room, whether he be young or old, rich or poor, worthy or unworthy, he should always extend to him the hand of friendship, and treat him with kindness. His language should be guarded and becoming. His address should be courteous and dignified toward all with whom he may chance to meet; and his influence will be in proportion to the means used in acquiring it. No harsh disputations, conflicting with local, party, or sectarian prejudices, should be engaged in. But rather let coolness, impartiality, and moderation, characterize the Teacher's conversation. The good effects of such a course cannot for a moment be questioned. The power of example is immense, whether it be good or bad. If the Teacher's example in deportment be such as stated above, its effects will be most beneficial for the time being, and will exercise a controlling influence through untold years of the future. The pupil will remember, even to the latest day of his earthly existence, the kindness of his instructor; it will cling to his memory in every situation in life. Even the vilest of the vile, were it possible to suppose that such had received good instruction, cannot fail to hold in affectionate remembrance the kind and courteous Teacher. But, on the other hand, a savage severity in the Teacher, coarseness, and roughness of manners, the indulgence in pernicious habits, produce entirely different, but equally momentous results. The Teacher who is profane, intemperate, coarse, or uncourteous, may expect, in most cases, to find his pupils imitating his example. If the Teacher is impolite, the pupils will most assuredly be so. If the Teacher is intemperate, unjust, unkind, he is every day sowing the same noxious principles in the tender minds of those committed to his care.

Therefore, Teacher, be just, kind, and courteous to your pupils, and they, in turn, will render justice, kindneɛs, and courtesy unto you.-Maine Common School Advocate.

TEACHERS' ASSOCIATIONS AND EDUCATIONAL

CONVENTIONS.

There never was a time in the history of our country when the public mind was so generally aroused to the great considerations of education, as at this time. It seems everywhere in this country to be a conceded fact, that the permanency of our institutions depends upon the general diffusion of knowledge among the people. Wherever, in any land, there are privileged classes, and the soil is owned by a few—and a few monopolize the seminaries of learning-and a few lord it over the heritage of the church-and a few enjoy the honors and the offices; these fortunate few will not, in general, be favorable to the education of the masses. But where every one is educated, and emulous of knowing as much, and living as well, as his neighbor, monopolies are broken up.

In rural districts, where every two miles square has its common school, and every ten or fifteen, its academy, the peasantry are leveled up, so that they appear upon the same platform before the people, enjoying nearly the same advantages. With these, professional eminence and distinguished position are not the accidents of birth, or of wealth, but evidence of superior industry and character, and of the possession of those cardinal virtues which characterize eminently good men.

Let teachers meet, compare notes, and encourage one another, and they will do their duty in making public sentiment. It is not long since that the industrious and faithful teacher thought that by teaching in his school-room six or seven hours a day, that he had fully discharged his duty, and exhausted his influence upon the fortunate ones whom he taught. The few spirited teachers who,

five years ago, gave an impetus to the onward movement of the age, in bringing teachers periodically together, that they may bid each other a God speed, and show the results of their own experience, have done more towards shaping the destiny of our country than ten times their number of mere politicians have ever done in noisy conventions.

Teachers' Associations and Institutes are becoming numerous; we will not here attempt their enumeration. Among those which stand out prominently, we may mention the following, in the three great States of New-York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Others might be mentioned in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, &c. -N. Y. Teachers' Advocate for July.

VALUE OF KNOWLEDGE-STRIKING ILLUSTRATION:

During the "Reign of Terror," CHAPTAL, the celebrated Chemist, who was then, we believe, residing at Paris, was so unfortunate as to fall under the suspicion of those in power. Aware of the unprincipled and blood-thirsty character of the ruling faction, he anticipated nothing but death, and was in momentary expectation of being summoned before that terrible tribunal, from the vindictive mockeries of which so many had already passed to the guillotine. But, fortunately for CHAPTAL, his proscription happened at a period when the whole of Europe was dependent on the East Indies for a supply of nitre, and when the armies and arsenals of France, with the forces of the enemy advancing, were wholly unsupplied with powder. England commanded the resources of the East Indies, and of course its provision from that quarter was not to be thought of. In this fearful and perplexing dilemma, CHAPTAL, whose fame as a Chemist was widely diffused, was applied to by the Government, and a proposition made to him, that in case he could supply the public with the desired material, his life should be saved. This condition was of course most welcome. The work was immediately commenced. From the cemetries of the city, he drew forth the sepulchral remains of unnumbered generations-old buildings were razed, and the soil carefully excavated from beneath them, was formed into heaps--the caves and cellars of the city were scraped, and the soil of more than two millions of human bodies were conveyed to the Barrier d'Enfer, where, by chemical art, CHAPTAL extracted the material by which France was saved from her foes! From that day-a most momentous era in his life, as well as in the history of France-CHAPTAL was honoured according to his high deserts.

He was justly hailed as the benefactor of his country which his knowledge and skill had saved.

"Knowledge is power." That one man a of his scientific wisdom more than could ha nation in arms. Of what inestimable value the discoveries of FRANKLIN, of WATT, of F how conclusively, indeed, do their benefi society demonstrate the fact, that—

"The pen is mightier than the sv

WORK FOR CHILDREN-ITS IM There is no greater defect in educating child to accustom them to work. It is an evil that at towns and cities. Our children suffer from it ders whether the child's work is necessary to consider whether the work is necessary or not to is more certain than that their future indepe much depend on being accustomed to provide stantly recurring wants that nature entails on so, still it preserves them from bad habits; it -it strengthens both mind and body-it ena bear the confinement of the school-room, and anything else to give them just views of life. case that children, provided they spend half-a day at school, are permitted to spend the rest as thus grow up in the world without a knowledg cares. They view it through a false medium preciate the favours you bestow, as they do not cost. Their bodies and minds are enervated stantly exposed to whatever vicious association reach. The daughter probably becomes th object, a novel-reading girl. The son, if he quences of your neglect, does it probably after for life are fixed, and when knowledge, for objects, comes too late.

No man or woman is fully educated if not ac labour. Whatever accomplishments they poss mental training, a deduction must be made for that important chapter in the world's great bo

SCHOOLMASTERS AND PRINTERS.-GOLDSM professions I do not know a more useful or h that of a Schoolmaster; at the same time I d generally despised or any whose talents are le Doctor forgot to mention Printers as being in The reason why these two classes are so muci ous. Education and refinement are not necess life, and to live the sensuous reign of a day is of too many.

We wot of a Printer who wo

fully to get his bread by toil, but failed. He w and made a fortune. He used to say every whereas very few were blessed with heads.-.

The a

THE HONEST BOY A SUCCESSFUL MERCHAN is the best policy," was illustrated, some yea following circumstances:-A lad was proceedi petition him for aid for a sick sister and he found a wallet containing fifty dollars. the distressed family were pinched for want. the fortune to his mother, but expressed a dou portion of the money. His mother confirmed th the pocket-book was advertised and the owner of wealth, upon learning the history of the f the fifty dollars to the sick mother, and took t vice, and he is now one of the most successful n always brings its reward-to the mind if not

Never be idle. Our years are but few, a indolence shortens our span. Life is but a day rolls by without ceasing, and on its bosom we great ocean of eternity.

ADVICE, like snow, the softer it falls, the lo and the deeper it sinks into the mind.