conat äntelligence. CANADA. nual Report of the Board of School Trustees for the City of Kingston, 1848. Worshipful the Mayor and Corporation of Kingston, the Yearly rt of the Trustees for Common Schools H, uring the year they have continued the Teachers whom they ployed on their entering into office. (Five male and five female .) To the former they decided to give £50, and to the latter £30 m; and, in addition, the tuition fees. In these schools nearly ren are being educated. ustees were of opinion that they best executed their trust, by ducation within the reach of all. They have, therefore, given to 200 children free of charge, whose Parents were unable to eir education, they have also reduced the Tuition fee on children -en years of age, to 1s. 3d. per month,--thus placing the attainan English education within the reach of every child whose re willing to pay from 15s. to 18s. per annum. But the Trustees be obliged to state, that at these low rates, a very large proportion s well able to pay, allow their children to go on the free list,--thus g materially the Teachers' Salaries. rustees annex a statement of the School income for the year, and expenditure during the same period. After paying the balance he Teachers, the amount to their credit, (they are of opinion,) e applied to the building of a Male and Female School House,-dage to School Teaching, which the poorest Township in the has provided, and in which they submit, this City should not be Keeping in view this necessity, (of providing School Houses) ees have administered the affairs of the schools under their care, strictest economy, persuaded that it was the only way to effect t, without increasing the burthens of the city. commencement of the year, several of the schools were deficient I furniture. The Trustees were therefore obliged to pay £38 0s. at purpose,--they have also paid Messrs. Armour & Ramsay, 2d. for nearly 300 Volumes of School Books;--expenses which gain be required for a considerable time. ing to the Act of the Provincial Legislature, the year of Messrs. fe and Daly, two of the present Trustees will expire on the 1st 4849. These vacancies will be required to be filled up. received and disbursed by Trustees for Common School purposes. t of Government Grant £222 14s. Od. 385 0 0 ..... 66 Corporation Assessment Female School.-We are pleased to learn, that the ely established by the Council, in this town, is now in full under the able Superintendence of Miss Murphy, the former School No, 1. While we sincerely desire the prosperity of the itutions already in existence, we cannot but congratulate our smen, on the success of their praiseworthy efforts, to secure of instruction to the classes of our population, who feel unable ge expenses in the education of their children; and our satiseightened in knowing that the young lady chosen as a Precepin every way worthy and capable of discharging the onerous tted to her charge.--[Long Point Advocate. Examination of School No. 1, Simcoe, T. D.-Last Thursday we had the pleasure of being present during the examination of School No 1, in this Town; and we were both astonished and pleased at the progress made by some of the children. Great thanks is due to Mr. Haskins, (lately from the Normal School, Toronto,) for the manner in which he conducts his school; and he is certainly entitled to the thanks of both the Trustees, the parents of the children, and the children themselves, for the voluntary expenditure of his own funds to procure maps and other additions to the means of teaching, with which the School abounds. The Rev. William Clarke, District Superintendent, was present, and addressed the children in terms of commendation and encouragement. The Rev. Mr. Gundry was also present, and expressed his approval of the school and his admiration of the maps and diagrams furnished by the teacher. Many of the childrens' parents were present, and seemed much pleased with the result of the examination.-[Simcoe Standard. The Public School in Dundas.-The Annual Examination took place on Wednesday, when we had the pleasure of hearing two classes examined. In the senior class, the examination was so arranged as to elicit from the pupils such answers as would indicate the extent of their acquaintance with English History, Grammar and Geography, as well as with the subjects directly in hand. To all the questions proposed, ready and accurate answers were given. Samuel Duffield, Esq., a member of the Board of Trustees, expressed himself as being not only delighted, but astonished at the facility and accuracy with which replies were given to questions entirely unexpected by the pupils. By request, Mr. Spence examined the first class. Mr. Fotheringame, of Hamilton, assisted by Mr. Calder, the Principal, conducted the Examination of the others. There are now about 150 pupils under Mr. Calder's care.--[Dundas Warder. Superintendent of Common Schools-Bytown.-John Atkins, Esq., has been appointed Superintendent of Common Schools for the town of Bytown, and it is our opinion that a more judicious appointment could not have been made, as we consider Mr. Atkins well qualified for the office, which is indeed an important one. We have been favored with the reading of the first and second reports of the Superintendent, in the latter of which he gives a statement of the rise and progress of the Roman Catholic College--its internal management and system of education; following which, is a statement of the past progress, public monies received by, and present state of every school within the limits of the town, with the average number of pupils attending each, the method of instruction severally pursued by the different Teachers, and the various kinds of books used by them, together with a representation of the progress of the scholars in the different schools, and articles, such as Globes, Maps, &c., required by some of the Teachers in order to render their instruction more efficient. On the whole, the report of the Superintendent, is one of the most satisfactory and comprehensive public documents we have seen, and reflects much credit upon the talent and efficiency of its author. Our Common Schools are Institutions of the utmost importance, and we are glad to see that the Corporation is taking such a laudable interest in endeavouring to make them as publicly advantageous as possible.--[Ottawa Advocate. Niagara Common Schocls, 1848.--The Report of the Trustees for the past year is now before us. The schools were four in number :--One taught by Mr. Shaw at a salary of £125, assisted by Mr. Dunn at a salary of £50; the second by Miss Eedson at a salary of £50; the third by Mrs. Wilson at a salary of £30; and the fourth (a R. C. Separate School) by Mr. Looney at a salary of £80. The number of pupils who have attended these schools during the year were--Mr. Shaw's 361, Miss Eedson's 101, Mr. Wilson's 100, and Mr. Looney's 152--total 717. The total School expenses during the year, including a considerable sum for the preceding year's service, amounted to £475. To meet this sum £61-5s. was received from the Government grant, £59 odd were collected by rate-bill, and the balance made up by tax upon property. Next year, under the present law, there will be no assets from rate-bills.--[Niagara Chronicle. The Quarterly Examination of the School in Section No. 15, Drummond, taught by Mr. MCPHERSON, took place on Wednesday the 20th instant. Classes were examined in Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Grammar, Geography, and Mensuration, and acquitted themselves in a very creditable manner. Well would it be for Canada, if Teachers in general possessed the tact of Mr. McPHERSON in availing themselves of the means of developing the latent energies of the mind, which the Rev. E. RYERSON in his excellent selection of Books for Common Schools, has so judiciously placed within their reach.--(Bathurst Courier. Visit of Sir James Graham to the National Educational Establishment in Dublin.--In addition to the recent very gratifying visit of Lord JOHN RUSSELL to the National Normal and Model Schools in Dublin, we find the following notice of Sir JAMES GRAHAM's visit to the same establishment in a late Dublin paper :- Sir JAMES GRAHAM, with Lady GRAHAM and Miss GRAHAM, visited the model schools of the National Education Board in Marlborough-street yesterday. The party were conducted through the schools by the resident commissioner, the Right Hon. A. MACDONNELL, the Rev. Dr. HENRY, President of Queen's College, Belfast, and JOHN R. CORBALLIS, Esq., Q. C., two of the other commissioners; Mr. CROSS, one of the Secretaries; and Professors SULLIVAN and M'GAWLEY. We also noticed among those present on the occasion, Sir ROBERT FERGUSON, Bart., SHAFTO ADAIR, Esq., &c. The party first proceeded to the boys' school, where they heard the examination of some classes by the head master in arithmetic, geography, grammar, and other branches, as taught in the class books published by the Board, and their answering elicited the approbation of the distinguished visitors. Several excellent specimens of drawing by the pupils, who were then engaged in their studies in their class-room, were submitted to the party, and appeared to give satisfaction as to the attention paid to that useful branch in the model school, and the very creditable advancement made by the young persons attending the drawing class. Boys, to the number of about 600 sung the national anthem with great spirit. The company then proceeded to the infant school, where, after a short examination, the children sung some hymns, &c., with great animation and taste, with which all present appeared much gratified. From the infant school the party went to the girls' school, where, after passing through the school room, a number of girls were brought into the class-room, and Professor SULLIVAN examined them in an able manner in geography, grammar, &c., and the subjects of instruction contained in the National books. The answering of the girls was of a very superior order, and showed an accurate acquaintance with the various branches which they had been taught, and the general knowledge communicated in the class books. The national anthem and several other airs were here sung by the girls. The following verses were among those Eung:-** God bless our native land, May Heaven's protecting hand Still guard our shores. May peace her powers extend, Through every changing scene, With wisdom from above, Her throne maintain. With one of the hymns sung by the girls Lady GRAHAM was so much pleased that she requested to be furnished with a copy. After leaving the girls' school the company proceeded to the boarding house for female. teachers under training, in Talbot-street, which they inspected minutely. The visitors appeared to be particularly pleased with the cottage model kitchen, where all the work that should be performed in a well-ordered cottage kitchen in the country is carried on by a number of the teachers, who spend a few hours in rotation each day under Mrs. THOMPSON, who instructs them in the preparation of food, and other domestic duties calculated to benefit themselves, and render them more capable of instructing the female children in the respective schools throughout the country, over which they may be placed, in habits of industry, cleanliness, and economy. Several of the female teachers were occupied with the preparation of soup, the baking of bread-which was being baked on a griddle placed over a turf fire, such as is used in a country cottage-and other domestic occupations, when the visitors entered, all of which appeared to interest them very much. The erection of the kitchen, we heard, originated with his Grace the ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN, who takes a great interest in this industrial department of the Education Board. The party then proceeded across the lawn to the class room adjoining the boys' school, where the male teachers, to the number of upwards of one hundred, were receiving instructions from Mr. DONAGHY, the agricultural lecturer. The teachers underwent a short examination on the principles of agriculture, and with their knowledge of the subject several of the visitors declared themselves satisfied. Sir JAMES GRAHAM at the close expressed himself highly gratified with the state of the schools, the progress of the pupils, and the success which had attended the operations of the Board, and he and the other visitors left the institution soon after four o'clock.--[Saunders' News Letter. chief movement of interest just now consists theological colleges belonging to Dissenters hood. This step is urged on the ground that t are little more than half full, and the consequ sustaining so many separate institutions than one institution of greater compass and efficie tions affecting property, we see no insuperabl a proceeding; and, viewed generally, we sh as a change for the better. But the result o greatly over-rated. Restlessness is often th expect much from a mere change of posture. apparatus has no need of improvement, bu Healthy Churches will give us healthy colleg will do it. Our ministry must become rea ability and piety, if such men are to be foun bers. Here at present is our great want. It i can ill afford to lose-men who are resolved to being scared from our ranks by much they se to bear with each other in better temper, and most part, adopt a more generous estimate as if we are really to advance. Apart from this, provement in our collegiate system will avail vantages presented to our colleges, as now ex form the students included in them into men of ars and as preachers. Every competent and a give proof of this in his time. Colleges never and aid education. Nine-tenths of the educa do something in the world has been self-secu guarantee of success is found, not in mere ap sion for self-improvement-in his power of vol the manner of the incompetent and the s their tools. Idle students are never grateful. persons of this class, both north and south, ha has done much to damage the reputation of stu of our Churches. The men who have made th they are, will be the last to speak ill of them are greatly in advance of our Churches, and of ficiency which the Churches are at present p [British Quarterly. A Normal College for Wales is about Forty designs for the new building were submi at the last meeting it was unanimously resolved Messrs. Fuller and Gingell, architects, of Bri Opening of the Carmarthen Training last took place the opening of a training colleg schoolmasters of the Principality of Wales, on th ǝd Church, and on the plan carried out by the N dation stone was laid by the Bishop of St. Dav and it is now on the eve of completion. It superintendence of the Welsh Committee of E thus obtained :-£3,000 from the Committee of from contributions; and £1,500 froin the fund further sum of £2,000 will be required to disch ities contracted by the committee. The colleg and residence of sixty schoolmasters in train known as an instructor at the York Training Principal. At two o'clock a public breakfast t college, which was presided over by the Bishop hundred and fifty-one ladies and gentlemen of South Wales were present. [London Watchn The Rev. Dr. Warneford has intimate W. Sands Cox, Fsq., the Dean of the Fac £2,000 for the foundation of a Professorship d the newly-erected Department of Arts at Quee es,) Birmingham.--[Ibid. THE EARL OF ROSSE has been appointed P ety. Science is honored by rank, when ra science. UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW.-The inauguratio this University (the Right Hon. T. B. Macau uary, but the precise day has not been fixed. no department of Common Schools are there more serious njurious defects, than in the architecture of School-houses. eir location, size, lighting, ventilation, warming, and For arrangements and furniture, no regard whatever seems ave been generally paid to the laws of health, or to the enience, comfort and improvement of the pupils. Withhowever, dwelling at present on this dark side of the picwe will commence giving a series of plans of Schooles and premises of improved construction, adapted to the ng circumstances of town and country, to the accommon of from 30 to 500 pupils, to schools of different grades, to different methods of instruction-exhibiting different s of School Architecture, as adopted in England and the ed States. We have procured works on School Architecand various plans of School-houses and furniture from Continent of Europe, from England, and from the neighng States; and of these sources of information we shall ourselves in conducting this department of the Journal of zation during the current year. The wood cuts will be y copied from a most comprehensive and valuable work e subject, published by A. S. BARNES & Co., New-York, r the title of " School Architecture; or Contributions to mprovement of School-houses in the United States. By HENRY BARNARD, Commissioner of Schools in Rhode d." This work contains nearly 400 closely printed octavo s, and is replete with useful information and practical estions, derived from both European and American educa sts. We should be glad to see a copy of this work in the s of every District and City Council in Upper Canada. New-York State School Journal remarks, that "Mr. HARD gave his attention to this subject when the Schools in ecticut were first placed under his enlightened and faithpervision, and to him are the friends of education greatly ted for that spirit of improvement in School-house archie which is manifested in the neat and frequently elegant tures which have been erected within these past few "We cannot better conclude these preliminary obseras, than in the words of Mr. BARNARD himself, in his ice to the book above alluded to : The subject was forced on the attention of the author in the Outset of his labors in the field of public education. Go where uld, in city or country, he encountered the district schoolstanding in disgraceful contrast with every other structure ned for public or domestic use. Its location, construction, ure and arrangements, seemed intended to hinder, and not te, to defeat and not perfect, the work which was to be carried thin and without its walls. The attention of parents and officers was early and earnestly called to the close connection en a good school-house and a good school, and to the great ple that to make an edifice good for school purposes, it should It for children at school, and their teachers; for children difin age, sex, size, and studies, and therefore requiring different modations; for children engaged sometimes in study and mes in recitation; for children whose health and success in require that they shall be frequently, and every day, in the ir, for exercise and recreation, and at all times supplied with ir to breathe; for children who are to occupy it in the hot f summer, and the cold days of winter, and to occupy it for s of time in different parts of the day, in positions which e wearisomne, if the seats are not in all respects comfortable, hich may affect symmetry of form and length of life, if the uction and relative heights of the seats and desks which they are not properly attended to; for children whose manners and morals, whose habits of order, cleanliness and punctuality,whose temper, love of study, and of the school, are in no inconsiderable degree affected by the attractive or repulsive location and appearance, the inexpensive out-door arrangements, and the internal construction of the place where they spend or should spend a large part of the most impressible period of their lives. This place, too, it should be borne in mind, is to be occupied by a Teacher whose own health and daily happiness are affected by most of the various circumstances above alluded to, and whose best plans of order, classification, discipline and recitation, may be utterly baffled, or greatly promoted, by the manner in which the school-house may be located, lighted, warmed, ventilated and seated." Explanation of Engraving.-The building is represented as standing 60 ft. from the highway, near the centre of an elevated lot which slopes a little to the south and east. Its position, for many important reasons, is north and south. Much the larger por tion of the lot is in front, affording a pleasant play ground, while in the rear there is a woodshed, and other appropriate buildings, with a separate yard for boys and girls. The walls, if of brick, may be hollow, so as to save expense in securing the antæs or pilasters, and to prevent dampness. The building is 33 ft. 6 in. long, 21 ft. 8 in. wide, and 18 ft. 9 in. high, from the ground to the eaves, including 2 ft. base or underpinning. GROUND PLAN. Explanation of Ground Plan.-The entries A A, one for boys and the other for girls, are in the rear of the building, through the woodshed, which, with the yard, is also divided by a partition. Each entry is 7 ft. 3 in., and should be supplied with a scraper and a mat for the feet, and shelves and hooks for outer garments. The school-room is 24 ft. 5 in. long, by 19 ft. 4 in. wide, and 15 ft. 6 in. high in the clear, allowing an area of 472 ft., including the recess for the Teacher's platform, and an allowance of 200 cubic feet of air for each pupil in a school of 36. The Teacher's platform B, is 5 ft. 2 in. wide, by 6 ft. deep, including 3 ft. of recess, and 9 in. high. On it stands a table, the legs of which may be set into the floor, so as to be firm, and at the same time movable, in case the platform is needed for declamation, or other exercises of the scholars. At the back of the Teacher is a range of shelves b, for the purpose of containing the library of the school, a globe, outline maps, and other apparatus. On the top of the case the clock may be placed. A black-board 5 ft. by 4 ft., placed on an easel, or suspended by weights, and steadied by a groove on each end, so as to admit of being raised and lowered by the Teacher, may be placed directly in front of the book-case, and in full view of the whole school. At the bottom of the blackboard, a trough should be made to receive the chalk, and the sponge or soft cloth for cleaning the board. The passages D D, are 2 ft. wide, and extend round the room; E E are 15 in., and allow of easy access to the seats and desks on either hand; but may probably with advantage be dispensed with, and the seats on each side of the centre aisle F, made to hold three pupils each, instead of two seated singly. By this means the school might with ease be made to hold 50, instead of 36 pupils, according to the plan. F is 5 ft. 3 in., and in the centre C, stands a stove, the pipe of which goes into one of the flues a. The temperature of the room may be regulated by a thermometer. सत SECTION SHOWING SLOPE. Each pupil is provided with a desk G, and seat H, the front of the former, constituting the back or support of the latter, which slopes 2 inches in 16. The seats also incline a little from the edge. The seats vary in height, from 91 inches to 17, the youngest children occupying those nearest the platform. The desks are 2 ft. long by 18 in. wide, (but, under the above arrangement, may be 5 ft. 3 in. by 18 in.) with a shelf beneath for books, and a groove between the back of seat in front and the desk itself to receive a slate, with which each seat should be furnished. The upper surface of the desk, except 3 inches of the part nearest the seat in front, slopes 1 in. in a foot, and the edge is in the same perpendicular line with the front of the seat. The 3 inches of the level portion of the surface of the desk has a groove running along the line of the slope, so as to prevent pencils and pens from rolling off, and an opening to receive an inkstand, which should be covered with a metallic lid. Other plans of seats and desks, with sections, will be given in subsequent numbers of this Journal. The windows I, three on the east and three on the west side, may contain each 24 panes of 7 by 9 or 8 by 10 in. glass, and should be hung, (both upper and lower sash,) with weights, so as to admit of being raised or lowered conveniently. The sills are 3 ft. from the floor. The window should be furnished with blinds or painted. The proper ventilation of the room is provided for by the lowering of the upper sash, and by an opening 14 in. by 18, near the ceiling, into a flue (Fig. 2) a, which leads into the open air. This opening can be enlarged, diminished, or entirely closed by a shutter controlled by a cord. The sides of the room are lined all round with wood, as high as the window sill, which, as well as the rest of the wood work of the interior, should be painted. The following Engravings represent a modification of the foregoing plan: The design is in the pointed style of a gular plan will suit it; and the principle may be fully carried out in this as in ot light is from one large mullioned windo side openings are for air in summer, not g shutters. The ventilator, as shown on th building, may be of any required size, say sliding up and down between the stove p forming a cap to exclude water. This ca down by a rod affixed to the under edge, ar pipe. Height may be gained in the ro beams set up 4 or 5 feet above the eav brick or stone, may be boarded vertically, Literary. IOUS FACT IN ACOUSTICS.-A machine has been invented in by which the undulations in the atmosphere may be counted take place between two individuals in conversation. The n passing over the water causes it to ripple, and the voice, an individual speaks, produces certain vibrations in the here by which sound is communicated. An eminent philosoys that these pulsations, if they may be so called, caused by voice, vary from 200 to 500 in a second, while those of the extent from 600 to 1000 !-Silliman's Journal. IN OF BOGS.-The origin of many bogs, from the decay of t forests, is strikingly illustrated by the fact that the roots cessive generations of trees have been found resting upon ther. A beautiful instance of a succession of forests upon me spot occurs near Portmore, in the county of Antrim. perficial stratum of bog timber in this district consists of ten of very great dimensions; beneath them we find another 1 of timber, consisting almost entirely of the trunks of trees. parliamentary reports concerning the bogs of Ireland, there ccount of a bog in which there is a succession of three layers s of firs, proving that three forests have flourished in succesn the same spot. In Westmeath, according to Archdeacon les, three layers of trees are to be found, alternating with as beds of peat, from three to five feet in thickness. The trees 1 layer appear to have arrived at maturity, and could not have o-existent. These trees are of enormous size, and many of ear the marks of fire. It may appear strange to some how s should be able to support themselves on the unstable surface g, but at present there are many thriving plantations of firn such situations in several parts of the country.—Dublin sity Magazine. GIN OF FOGS.-The very common but mistaken idea that the ich we see of an evening hanging over low meadows, and by les of streams, is ascending, arises very naturally from our bserving it in low places, and as the cool of the evening es, remarking that it ascends to higher land; the fact is, er, not that the damp is ascending, but that from the coldness se situations they are the first places which condense the invisible vapour, and as the cold of the evening advances, densation takes place at a higher level. A large portion of pour ascends to the upper region of the atmosphere, where it and becomes visible to us in the form of clouds; and increasdensity by cooling, they gradually descend nearer the earth, t last, becoming too condensed by the loss of heat, they fall n, to be again returned in endless succession.-Scientific mena of Domestic Life. LE.—Take this, reader, for a general rule, that the readiest inest style is the most forcible, (if the head be but properly =) and that in all ordinary cases the word that first presents the best; even as in all matters of right and wrong, the eeling is that which the heart owns and the conscience --Southey's "Doctor." CURIOUS CALCULATION.-What is a billion ? The reply is mple, a million times a million. This is quickly written, icker still pronounced; but no man is able to count it. hy count 160 or 170 in a minute; but let us even suppose may go as far as 200; then an hour will produce 12,000, 280,000, and a year of 365 days, 195,120,000. Let us now that Adam, at the beginning of his existence, had to count, had continued to do so, and was counting still; d not even now, according to the usually supposed age of be, have counted near enough. For to count a billion he equire 9,512 years, 34 days, 5 hours, and 39 minutes.State School Journal. LITY OF ABSURDITIES.-The best example of the vitality of aying, which has the advantage of being a fallacy, is in the cknied piece of nonsense attributed to Archimedes-viz : e could move the earth if he had any place at a distance to fix a prop for his lever." This is one of the standard 66 allusions, one of the necessary stock-in-trade of all orators, poets, and newspaper writers; and persons, whenever they meet with it, take Archimedes for an extraordinary great man, and cry, "O, how wonderful!" Now, if Archimedes had found his place, his prop, his lever, and if he could have moved with the swiftness of a cannon-ball, 480 miles every hour, it would have taken him just 44,963,000,000 years to have raised the earth one inch !Sir E. L. Bulwer. THE EARTH'S DIURNAL MOTION.-If a line were carried round and round the globe, it would require to be the length of 24,850 miles; hence this is the actual space which any given point on the earth's surface travels over in the course of twenty-four hours, a rate exceeding somewhat 1,000 miles in the hour. This velocity, with which every person moves continually, is greater, by 140 times, than that with which a cannon-ball issues from the mouth of a cannon; and we do not perceive it because the earth, the air, and every thing around, is carried with us.-Facts for the People. ELECTRICITY.-Why is the fireside an unsafe place in a thunderstorm? Because the carbonaceous matter of soot with which the chimney is lined acts as a conductor for the lightning. Why is the middle of an apartment the safest place during a thunder-storm? -Because, should a flash of lightning strike a building, or enter in at any of the windows, it will take its direction along the walls, without injuring the centre of the room.- -Ibid. -- CRIME AND EDUCATION.—From statistics collected by us during the past year, it appears that at the various assizes and sessions for this county and city, held in the year, 476 prisoners have been placed on the calendar for trial. Of these, there were but two of superior education, while no less than 204 could neither read nor write! Of those who could read and write well, there were but 20, and read well, 5; whilst 121 could read but imperfectly. The remaining three did not appear, Surely these facts bear witness, far more efficiently than any laboured argument, to the necessity of educating-morally and religiously educating-the lower classes, as the only practical remedy for that fearful amount of crime which now stalks through the land-unchecked by the police or other stringencies-punished, but not prevented, by the rigours of the prison house.-Worcester Herald. Truth will be uppermost, one time or other, like cork, though for a time kept down in water.-Sir W, Temple. |