Zenonis, cadem in ueteres Academicos et Peripateticos dicenda. 133 Hic igitur neutri adsentietur? Sin, inquam, uter est prudentior? Quid? Cum ipse Antiochus dissentit quibusdam in rebus ab his, quos amat, Stoicis, nonne iudicat non posse illa probanda esse sapienti? Placet Stoicis omnia peccata esse paria; at hoc 5 Antiocho uchementissime displicet. Liceat tandem mihi considerare utram sententiam sequar. Praecide, inquit: statue aliquando quidlibet. Quid quod quae dicuntur et acuta mihi uidentur in utramque partem et paria? Nonne caueam ne scelus faciam ? Scelus enim dicebas esse, Luculle, dogma prodere. 10 Contineo igitur me, ne incognito adsentiar, quod mihi tecum 134 est dogma commune. Ecce multo maior etiam dissensio. Zeno dicenda d. sunt . I et Perip. et om. codd.; Peripateticosque 4. 2 adsentietur? sin, inquam: ita emendaui; adsentiens si numquam codd., quod multis modis emendatum est. 4 iudicat: Harl.; indicat codd. cett. et edd. posse illa probanda esse: esse illa probanda Lamb. Bait.; posse esse i. p. Cant. 8 quid quod quae d.: Guietus probante Maduigio; quid quae dicuntur quid ABU; queque dicuntur que Cant.; que dicuntur quidem ; quaeque d. quidem E; quidlibet I. Zenonis: n. on 1, 13. Academicos et Per. : but above, ueteris dicenda possibly sunt has dropped 2. adsentietur: prob. the final syllable first dropped out (cf. § 26 tenetur) and adsentiet readily passed into adsentiens; cf. e.g. the readings in Att. 1, 1, 1 (denegans Boot, denegat MSS); Leg. 1, 15; Vell. 2, 19, 3; also above § 126 admonens. sin...prudentior: the words uter est prudentior are SO suitable that any emendation ought to leave them untouched; cf. Diu. 2, 132; Hor. s. 2, 3, 102. The ellipse of adsentietur with sin is not harsher than many ellipses with particles; cf. esp. one with sin in Att. 13, 31, 3 where sin has the force of 'otherwise' as here; cf. too ib. 16, 13 b 2 (ed. Wes.) si pares aeque inter se, quiescendum, sin ('otherwise') latius manabit. In the latter passage the sin is preceded by si, but that makes no real difference. Somewhat similar are the ellipses with hoc ubi (sc. contigerit) in Verg. G. 2, 312 and simul ac (Att. 13, 21, 1); also with sicubi, si quando (Tusc. 3, 14); si quidem (Leg. 1, 12). 3. quid? see n. on 1 § 13. 4. iudicat: this verb is often used of those who make admissions to their own detriment; e.g. pro Quint. 31; and Tusc. 5, 61. non posse...probanda esse: cf. n. on I, 43 uerum esse etc. 5. peccata...paria: for this much ridiculed Stoic doctrine see Zeller, Stoics, E. Tr. p. 250. 7. praecide: sc. sermonem; 'cut it short'; a colloquial phrase; cf. Cato m. 57 breui praecidam; Att. 8, 4, 2 numquam...tam praecise negaui quam hic mihi; plane sine ulla exceptione praecidit. in una uirtute positam beatam uitam putat. Quid Antiochus ? Etiam, inquit, beatam, sed non beatissimam. Deus ille, qui 15 nihil censuit deesse uirtuti, homuncio hic, qui multa putat praeter uirtutem homini partim cara esse, partim etiam necessaria. Sed ille uereor ne uirtuti plus tribuat quam natura patiatur, praesertim Theophrasto multa diserte copioseque dicente. Et hic metuo ne uix sibi constet, qui cum dicat esse quaedam et cor20 poris et fortunae mala, tamen eum, qui in his omnibus sit, beatum fore censeat, si sapiens sit. Distrahor: tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud uidetur, et tamen, nisi alterutrum sit, uirtutem iacere plane puto. Verum in his discrepant. XLIV. Quid? Illa, in quibus consentiunt num pro ueris 135 quaelibet d. quae G; quid? si quae Moser. H Bait. M. 9 in utr. partem: haec 14. etiam: 'yes', as often. beatam sed non beatissimam : there are many testimonies to this opinion of Ant.; cf. esp. above 1 § 23; Fin. 5, 81 (a passage closely resembling ours); Varro ap. Aug. c. d. 19, 1; and Sen. ep. 92, 14. In Fin. 5, 71 it is stated (from Ant.) that the bona corporis et externa (see above, 1, 19-21) have some, but only a very small, influence on happiness. Ant. herein held the same ground as Speusippus and Xenocrates; see Sen. ep. 85, 18 and 71, 18; also Cic. Tusc. 5, 39. It is strange that Madv. on Fin. 5, 81 should regard this view as formalised from those of Aristotle and Theophrastus and should be at a loss to point out whence Antiochus drew it. deus ille: sc. fuit; see n. on § 86. Deus = 'superhuman'; cf. Aristotle's n θεὸς ἢ θηρίον. deus...homuncio: a sarcastic way of insinuating the wideness of the difference between Ant. and the Stoics. The words deus and homuncio are contrasted in Ter. Eun. 591; Iuuen. 5, 133; cf. Cic. N.D. 3, 76; Sen. ep. 116, 7 nos homunciones sumus, omnia nobis negare non pos sumus. 16. necessaria: i.e. ad uitam bea tissimam. 17. plus quam...patiatur: § 54 n. 18. Theophrasto: he did not even allow that, with virtue, a man must needs be happy; bodily and external disadvantages might deprive the virtuous man of his happiness. See 1 §§ 33, 35; Fin. 5 S$ 12, 77, 85; Tusc. 5, 24. 20. fortunae mala: ἐκτὸς κακά: the word fortunae is perhaps chosen because Theophr. used to approve the Greek original of the line 'uitam regit fortuna non sapientia' (Tusc. 5, 25). qui...sit: 'who is surrounded by these, and no others'. For the emphatic use of omnibus cf. Hor. ep. 1, 5, 2 holus omne prandere 'vegetables and nothing else'; N. D. 2, 56, 58; Fin. 3, 61 si sint in maiore parte earum rerum quas secundum naturam esse diximus. probare possumus? Sapientis animum numquam nec cupiditate moueri nec laetitia efferri. Age, haec probabilia sane sint: num etiam illa, numquam timere, numquam dolere? Sapiensne non timeat, ne patria deleatur, non doleat, si deleta sit? Durum, sed Zenoni necessarium, cui praeter honestum nihil est in bonis, tibi 5 uero, Antioche, minime, cui praeter honestatem multa bona, praeter turpitudinem multa mala uidentur, quae et uenientia metuat sapiens necesse est et uenisse doleat. Sed quaero quando ista fuerint ab Academia uetere decreta, ut animum sapientis commoueri et conturbari negarent? Mediocritates illi probabant 10 et in omni permotione naturalem uolebant esse quendam modum. Legimus omnes Crantoris ueteris Academici de luctu; 2 efferri: ecferri AB2; haec ferri B1. habent turbata; corr. Dau. Madu. I. sapientis...efferri: the Stoic doctrine, for which see 1, 38 nn. The fact that Ant. accepted the doctrine is stated only here. It must not be forgotten, however, that the apathy even of the Stoic sapiens is not absolute (n. on 1, 38); and Ant. may have argued that the Stoic evπá@ela really comes to much the same as the moderated ráfos of the Peripatetic. See too Plato quoted in n. on 1, 38. But the Stoic sapiens is absolutely áλuros, and it is to this point that most of the criticism against Stoic drάoeia is addressed. cupiditate for the more usual libidine; see 1, 38 n. 2. sane: n. on § 105. It is assumed that the avoidance of passion and delight is more conceivable than that of fear and pain. 3. sapiensne etc.: for the form cf. Ter. Ph. 186 loquar? incendam; taceam? instigem; purgem me? laterem lauem; Att. 12, 40, 2 ne doleam? qui potest? ne iaceam? quis umquam minus? For the substance Plut. 1057 D apoßos dè μével (ὁ σοφὸς) καὶ ἄλυπος καὶ ἀήττητος καὶ ἀβιάστος, τιτρωσκόμενος, ἀλγῶν, στρεβλούμενος, ἐν κατασκαφαῖς πατρίδος, ἐν TáleσL TOLOÚTOLs: Sen. ep. 74, 31; ib. 85, 29. 4. deleta: cf. Fin. 4, 66 exstinctam patriam. durum: so Tusc. 1, 107 durum hoc sane; Hor. od. 1, 24, 19 durum, sed leuius fit patientia. Short clauses in apposition to the preceding sentence are common in Cic.; see my n. on Lael. 67. 4 ne patria: nec si p. codd. qui alia hic 9 ab Acad. ab om. codd. H. decreta: 5. in bonis: 'in the category of the good'. For this phrase see 1, 34 n. 6. cui...uidentur: nn. on 1, 19 and 22. 9. Academia uetere...illi: n. on § 103. decreta: n. on § 27. ut...negarent: explanatory of ista. IO. mediocritates: μeσóτηras, as often in Arist.; cf. Tusc. 3 §§ 11, 22, 74. The theory of the mean is distinctively Peripatetic, but the doctrine of the repas in Plato's Philebus resembles it in some respects. II. permotione: see 1 § 32 n.; Cic. sometimes has commotio animi, as Tusc. 4, 61; cf. Quint. 5, 10, 28. naturalem modum: Cato m. 46 uoluptatis, cuius est fortasse quidam naturalis modus; Tusc. 3, 74. 12. Crantoris: sc. librum; cf. 1 § 13 n. on contra ea Philonis. For his opinion as to ȧrábeia see Zeller II 1, p. 898 ed. 3. 13. aureolus libellus: two diminutives are not often thus joined by Cic. The usage is rather colloquial; cf. Tusc. 2, 42; ib. 3, 2; N. D. 3, 43; and for aureolus § 119 flumen aureum, with n.; Sen. fr. § 47 (Haase) aureolus Theophrasti liber. Cic., as is well known, used this book of Crantor in writing his Consolatio on Tullia's death, and also in his Tusc. Tuberoni Panaetius: we find from Fin. 4, 23 that Panaetius himself dedicated to Tubero a work 'de dolore patiendo'. Hecato also dedicated a work to him (Off. 3, 63). est enim non magnus, uerum aureolus et, ut Tuberoni Panaetius praecipit, ad uerbum_ediscendus libellus. Atque illi quidem 15 etiam utiliter a natura dicebant permotiones istas animis nostris datas, metum cauendi causa, misericordiam aegritudinemque clementiae; ipsam iracundiam fortitudinis quasi cotem esse dicebant, recte secusne alias uiderimus. Atrocitas quidem ista tua 136 quo modo in ueterem Academiam irruperit nescio: illa uero 20 ferre non possum, non quo mihi displiceant (sunt enim Socratica pleraque mirabilia Stoicorum, quae apádoğa nominantur) sed ubi Xenocrates, ubi Aristoteles ista tetigit? Hos enim quasi eosdem esse uoltis. Illi umquam dicerent sapientis solos reges, solos diuites, solos formosos, omnia, quae ubique essent, sapientis E et r et edd.; dicta codd. (cf. § 103) exc. B (durata) et A (dunt tia); dictata coni. H; fort. leg. declarata. 22 hos enim: U (et r); hoc en. codd. cett. 14. ad uerbum ed.: so De Or. 1, 157, and cf. the common phrase ad u. exprimere. illi quidem Cic. goes back to the old Academy generally, assuming that Crantor's book has made his views familiar to everybody. 15. utiliter...datas: the same words in Tusc. 4, 43; cf. also 4, 79, and Sen. ep. 85, 3; 116, 3. a natura d.: see 1, 15 n. dicebant...dicebant: for the repetition cf. 1, 44 dixerunt...dixerunt. 17. cotem: so Tusc. 4, 43; and 4, 48 ardores animorum cotesque uirtutum ; Sen. de ira 3, 3, Aristoteles (iram) calcar ait esse uirtutis. Cf. also Philod. Tepi dpyns (ap. Bonitz Fragm. Arist. 95) ἔνιοι τῶν Περιπατητικῶν ἐκτέμνειν τὰ νεῦρα τῆς ψυχῆς φασὶ τοὺς τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὸν θυμὸν αὐτῆς ἐξαιροῦντας. This view is combated at length by Seneca and by Cic. in Tusc. IV. 18. recte secusne: Michael, De Ammiani M. studiis Ciceronianis p. 32 gives exx. of this phrase from Cic. with imitations from Ammian. alias uid.: an evident allusion to the Tusc. Disp. where the Stoic view of the emotions is elaborately argued by Cic. That view is supported casually in Fin. uidentur esse Socratica longeque uerissima. Scattered utterances from the Socratic dialogues of Plato and others were easily producible in support of this assertion. See Tusc. 3, 10, where the Socratic origin of the doctrine that all fools are mad is stated, and edd. refer to the Second Alcibiades' and Xen. Mem. 3, 9, 6. In Parad. 23 it is stated that S. affirmed 'peccata esse paria'. 21. mirabilia this rendering of wapádoğa occurs in Fin. 3, 48; Lael. 45; Parad. 35; but admirabilia in Fin. 4, 74; Parad. 4; Quint. 4, 1, 41. The work of Cic. entitled Admiranda seems to have been devoted to startling natural occur rences. 22. ubi Xenocrates: a curious admission that Xenocrates was not a close follower of Socrates. Cf. 1, 17 n., and n. on § 143. tetigit emphatic = 'even hinted at '. quasi almost'; see n. on § 74 and cf. Fin. 5, 21 antiquis quos eosdem Academicos et Peripateticos nominamus; above 1 §§ 18, 22. 23. dicerent: Roby, Gram. § 1533 (c); cf. too § 1708. solos reges etc.: for all this see Zeller, Stoics E. Tr. p. 253 sq. and Cic. Parad. Clemens, Strom. II 367 A (see Zeller II, 1, p. 862 ed. 3 or E. Tr. Plato etc. p. 580) puts into the mouth of Speusippus the doctrine “ὁ σοφὸς μόνος βασιλεὺς καὶ apxwv', but Zeller supposes Sp. to have been employing Cynic expressions there, not his own. R. C. 22 esse? Neminem consulem praetorem imperatorem, nescio an ne quinqueuirum quidem quemquam nisi sapientem? Postremo, solum ciuem, solum liberum, insipientis omnis peregrinos exsules scruos furiosos? Denique scripta Lycurgi, Solonis, duodecim tabulas nostras non esse leges, ne urbis quidem aut 5 137 ciuitatis, nisi quae essent sapientium? Haec tibi, Luculle, si es adsensus Antiocho, familiari tuo, tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum uidebitur. XLV. Legi apud Clitomachum, cum Carneades et Stoicus Diogenes ad senatum in Capitolio starent, A. Albinum, qui tum 10 P. Scipione et M. Marcello consulibus praetor esset, eum, qui cum auo tuo, Luculle, consul fuit, doctum sane hominem, ut 4 scripta: scita coni. Goerenz.; uid. adn. codd. uolgo; u. igitur den. 4. 5 urbis quidem: urb. denique II et M. Marc.: et incl. Bait. 15 Stoico: glossema uidetur Halmio; incl. Bait. 18 ille noster: i. uester Dau. plane... balbutiens; uid. fragm. 31. 19 uerenti ne: codd. uolgo ueremini; corr. Chris 2. quinqueuirum: 'constable'; a subordinate police official. 3. liberum on the principle ovdeis ἐλεύθερος ἑαυτοῦ μὴ κρατῶν (Epict. Fr. 114 Dübner). 4. denique does not necessarily conclude a series of questions or statements, but emphasises that one with which it goes. See Munro on Lucr. 1, 17 and cf. the curious repetitions of denique in Orat. 74. scripta: a strange word, at first sight, to apply to the legislation of Lycurgus etc.; but there is point in it. The Stoic regards these statutes as not strictly laws, but writings under the hand of the respective legislators. If em. were needed I should prefer praescripta, which would very well represent ῥήτραι. There is little force in the objection of Goer. that Lycurgus forbade the committal of his laws to writing. 6. si es adsensus: i.e. ut fecisti. 7. tam...moenia: cf. §§ 8, 119; Diu. 2, 37 urbem philosophiae proditis dum castella defenditis. 8. bono modo: a colloquial phrase; see Att. 13, 23, 3; Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3; Plautine also. 9. legi apud: § 129, n. on ut scriptum uideo. The work of Cl. is probably that qu. in § 102. Stoicus Diogenes: for the position of the epithet cf. 1, 46 Epicurio Ženone; 2, 16 Stratoniceus Metrodorus; 2, 73 Chius Metrodorus; (but in Fin. 2, 24 Diog. Stoicus); Leg. 1, 15; 2, 41; Tusc. 3, 19 Heracliotes Dionysius (cf. above § 71 Dion. ille Her.); N. D. 1, 27; 1, 34; Tusc. 5, 90; Quint. 1, 1, 9 Babylonius Diogenes; 3, 1, 10 and 16. Mommsen's account of this famous embassy is familiar to all. 10. ad senatum starent: 'were in waiting on the senate'; cf. stare ad cy athos etc. in Capitolio: outside the temple, in which the senate met. A. Albinum: see Teuffel, Röm. Litt. p. 196 ed. 4. II. consulibus: Cic. had to ask Atticus for this information; see Att. 12, 23, 2. 14. Carneade: 89, n. on Vlixe. praetor esse non uideor etc.: the words quia sapiens non sum spoil the story, and are probably an insertion by half-instructed copyists. Albinus was far too well acquainted with the Greeks to confound Stoic with Academic tenets (cf. Polyb. 40, 6). He evidently rallied the Academic philosopher on his assertion that all things are uncertain: 'you do not think that what we fancy we see here is a city', i.e. it may be nothing at all, or something very different from what it appears to be. Carneades then turned the jest by saying 'It is the Stoic |