13. Nonius p. 65. Exultare dictum est exilire. Cicero Academicorum lib. III: et ut nos nunc sedemus ad Lucrinum _pisciculosque exsultantis uidemus... 14. Nonius p. 123. Ingeneraretur ut innasceretur. Cicero Academicorum lib. III: in tanta animantium uarietate, homini ut soli cupiditas ingeneraretur cognitionis et scientiae! 15. Nonius p. 419. Vindicare, trahere, liberare... Cicero Academicorum lib. III: aliqua potestas sit, uindicet se in liber tatem. 16. Lactantius Inst. diu. VI. 24. Cicero......cuius haec in Academico tertio uerba sunt: quod si liceret, ut eis qui in itinere deerrauissent, sic uitam deuiam secutis corrigere errorem paenitendo, facilior esset emendatio temeritatis. 17. Diomedes p. 373, ed. Putsch: p. 377, ed. Keil. Varro ad Ciceronem tertio fixum et Cicero Academicorum tertio: +malcho in opera adfixa. 18. Nonius p. 139. Mordicibus et mordicus pro morsu, pro morsibus...... Cicero Academicorum lib. III: perspicuitatem, quam mordicus tenere debemus, abesse dicemus. = Lucullus $51. 16 secutis: secutos codd. M. 17 Academi 13 uidemus: uideamus codd. corum: Academicarum codd. uel hii codd. Luculli; lib. II codd. Nonii, cum scribae uoce ii essent decepti. It is 13. et ut nos nunc: if this really belongs to book III, then Cic. must have transferred from § 125 to $55 of the Lucullus the strikingly similar words 'ut nos nunc simus ad Baulos Puteolosque uideamus', changing them to suit the circumstances of the second edition; substituting therefore Lucrinum for Baulos and pisciculosque exsultantis for Puteolos because Puteoli was not visible from Varro's villa on the Lucrine lake. of course possible that the reference in Nonius is wrong and that the words in Lucullus 125 were allowed to stand in the second edition where they were in the first, with the necessary changes. Krische gives what seems to me a highly improbable explanation, that Varro illustrated the trustworthiness of the senses by pointing out the clearness with which the fish were seen leaping out of the water. pisciculos exsultantis: the sign of fine 19 ei: ii quae: weather; a touch therefore in keeping with the scenery of the dialogue (Introd. p. 47). Cf. Pacuuius ap. Ribbeck I 132 (of sailors) profectione laeti piscium lasciuiam intuentur; Petron. § 109 (Bücheler), alius exsultantes quaerebat fuscina pisces; on the other hand Cic. Diu. 2, 145 says that 'exsultantes loligines' portend a storm. 14. in tanta etc.: the passion for knowledge implanted in the human heart was no doubt used by Varro as an argument to show that absolute knowledge must be attainable. The same line is taken in 2, 31; Fin. 3, 17 and elsewhere. cognitionis et scientiae: cf. n. on 2, 24 comprehensi...constituti. 15. aliqua etc.: the reference in our texts of Nonius to book III is, I think, almost certainly wrong. There are numerous parallels in Cicero's speech in the Academica Priora, none in that of Lucullus. If the words we have here were 19. Nonius p. 117. Gallinas. Cicero Academicorum lib. III: qui gallinas alere permultas quaestus caussa solerent: ei cum ouom inspexerant, quae gallina peperisset dicere solebant. Lucullus § 57. EX LIBRO IIII. 20. Nonius p. 69. Adstipulari positum est adsentiri. Cicero in Academicis lib. IIII: falsum esse Stoici dicunt et eorum adstipulator Antiochus. Lucullus § 67. = = Lucullus § 70. 21. Nonius p. 65. Maeniana ab inuentore eorum Maenio dicta sunt; unde et columna Maenia. Cicero Academicorum lib. IIII: item ille cum aestuaret ueterum, ut Maenianorum, sic Academicorum uiam secutus est. 22. Nonius p. 99. Dolitum, quod dolatum usu dicitur, quod est percaesum uel abrasum uel effossum... Cicero dolatum Academicorum lib. IIII: non enim est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus. = Lucullus § 100. quae id codd. Luculli. interim codd. Luculli. codd. Cic. = 20 esse: esse et unus cod. Luculli (A a pr. m.). 21 item: uiam: uitam cod. Non. optimus (Paris. n. 7667); umbram 22 dolatum: dolatus cod. optimus Non. saxo...robore: saxo aut cultus e robore codd. Non. really put in Varro's mouth, they can only have figured as a quotation from his opponents. potestas: here the equivalent of 'free will'; see n. on 2, 37. uindicet...libertatem: phrases taken from the legal formulae of the caussa liberalis. 16. quod si etc. the words are strikingly like Lucullus §9. In all probability we have here a fragment of the proemium to book III (Att. 16, 6, 4). ut...sic: see n. on 2, 14 uos ut illi. emendatio: n. on 1, 13. 17. malcho...adfixa: malcho is pos sibly a mistake for malleo, a hammer; cf. Vitruu. 10, 22 naues malleolis confixae; Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 52 nauem saepe fixam, saepe excusam malleo (Brix fissam). Opera is probably also an error for opere. If these words really occurred in the third book of the Academica, second edition, we must suppose that they formed part of a concrete illustration appended in some way to the description of a dóyua in Lucullus § 27 where the word fixum stands. But may we not suppose that Diomedes has mixed up his quotations; that he really meant to quote fixum only from Academica III and the words malcho... adfixa from Varro's De lingua Latina III? 18. mordicus: possibly the mordicibus of the MSS is an error for mordicitus, a word formed like publicitus and once read dubiously in Pl. Aul. 2, 2, 57; see Ritschl, Opusc. 2, 248. Perhaps however Nonius imagined there was a word mordices equivalent to morsus. The reading mordicibus also occurs in some MSS of Hygin. Fab. 273. Cic. has mordicus tenere uerba in Fin. 4, 78. 21. uiam: a mistake for umbram. An error nearly the converse of this is found in the MSS of N. D. 1, 39 umbram, where Schömann rightly reads uim; see Mayor ad loc. 23. Nonius p. 164. Rauum fuluum. Cicero Academicorum lib. IIII: quia nobismet ipsis tum caeruleum, tum rauom uidetur, quodque nunc a sole conlucet... Lucullus § 105. 24. Nonius p. 107. Exanclare est perpeti uel superare. Cicero Academicorum lib. IIII: credoque Clitomacho ita scribenti = ut Herculi quendam laborem exanclatum. Lucullus § 108. 25. Nonius p. 163. Pingue positum pro impedito et inepto. Cicero Academicorum lib. IIII: quod ipsi Antiocho pingue uidetur et sibi ipsum contrarium. Lucullus § 109. = 26. Nonius p. 122. Infinitatem. Cicero Academicorum lib. IIII: at hoc Anaximandro, populari et sodali suo, non persuasit, is enim infinitatem... = Lucullus § 118. 27. Nonius p. 65. Natrices dicuntur angues natantes. Cicero Academicorum lib. IIII : sic enim uoltis tantam uim natricum uiperarumque fecerit. = Lucullus § 120. 28. Nonius p. 189. Vncinatum ab unco. lib. IIII: nec ut ille qui asperis et Cicero Academicorum hamatis uncinatisque corpusculis concreta haec esse dicat. Lucullus § 121. = = 29. Martianus Capella V. § 517 ed. Eyssenhardt. Cicero......in Academicis: latent ista omnia, Varro, magnis obscurata et circumfusa tenebris. = Lucullus § 122. 30. Nonius p. 102. E regione positum est ex aduerso. Cicero Academicorum lib. IIII: nec ego non ita. Vos etiam dicitis esse e regione nobis in contraria parte terrae qui aduersis uestigiis stent contra nostra uestigia. = Lucullus § 123. 31. Nonius p. 8o. Balbuttire est cum quadam linguae haesitatione et confusione trepidare. Cicero Academicorum lib. 23 uid. adnot. ad Luc. § 105. 24 ut: om. codd. Cic. Herculi: sic codd. Non. 25 impedito: sic (uel impedimento) codd.; imperito edd. Non. uidetur: uidebatur codd. Cic. 28 corpusculis: corporibus codd. Cic. 23. rauom: flauum is an inferior reading of one MS of Non. and some MSS of Luc.; there is no need to suppose (with Krische p. 64) that the epithet was changed in the second edition. quodque nunc: see n. on 2, 105. 28. corpusculis: probably a change in ed. 2 from corporibus of the Lucullus; cf. 1, 6 and Aug. c. Ac. 3, 23. 29. magnis obscurata: changed from Lucullus 122 crassis occultata. 31. dictus: in Luc. 135 dixi, which 29 magnis should probably be read here, as Cic. would not say dictus for dictus est. 32. mihi autem etc.: probably to be referred to Cicero's speech in the second book. ea ipsa etc. even the dogmatists did not contend that sense reveals to us the whole nature of objects (see 1, 42); hence the limitation here, which is similar to that in 1, 30 res eas quae subiecta sensibus uiderentur. 33. talia etc.: this fragm. belongs to IIII: plane, ut supra dictus, Stoicus perpauca balbuttiens. EX LIBRIS INCERTIS. 32. Lactantius Inst. diu. III. 14. Haec tua ucrba sunt (sc. Cicero!): mihi autem non modo ad sapientiam caeci uidemur, sed ad ea ipsa quae aliqua ex parte cerni uideantur, hebetes et obtusi. 33. August. contra Academicos II. § 26. Id probabile uel ucri simile Academici uocant, quod nos ad agendum sine adsensione potest inuitare.......Talia, inquit Academicus, mihi uidentur omnia quae probabilia uel ueri similia putaui nominanda: quae tu si alio nomine uis uocare, nihil repugno. Satis enim C mihi est te iam bene accepisse quid dicam, id est, quibus rebus haec nomina imponam; non enim uocabulorum opificem, sed rerum inquisitorem decet esse sapientem. [Proximis post hunc locum uerbis perspicue confirmat Augustinus haec ipsius esse Ciceronis uerba.] 34. Augustin. c. Acad. III. § 15. Est in libris Ciceronis quae in huius causae (i.e. Academicorum) patrocinium scripsit, locus quidam......Academico sapienti ab omnibus ceterarum sectarum, qui sibi sapientes uidentur, secundas partis dari, cum primas sibi quemque uindicare necesse sit; ex quo posse probabiliter confici eum recte primum esse iudicio suo, qui omnium ceterorum iudicio sit secundus. 35. Augustin. c. Acad. III. § 43. Ait enim Cicero illis (i.e. Academicis) morem fuisse occultandi sententiam suam nec eam obscurata: crassis occultata codd. Cic. dictus: dixi codd. Cic. the speech by Cic. in the second book of the second ed., which no doubt incorporated the speech of Catulus in ed. 1; cf. Introd. pp. 42 sq. nominanda: n. on 1, 43. opificem: n. on 2, 144. 34. Academico etc.: this undoubtedly belongs to the second book and is a jocular application of the Carneadean favor, as is clear from the words 'posse probabiliter confici'. The argument re 30 uid. adn. ad Luc. § 123. 31 minds us of the voting of the Greek 35. morem fuisse etc.: if 2, 60 be 168 M. T. CICERONIS ACAD. POST. FRAGMENTA. cuiquam, nisi qui secum ad senectutem usque uixissent, aperire consuesse. 36. Augustin. De ciuit. Dei VI. 2. Denique et ipse Tullius huic (i.e. M. T. Varroni) tale testimonium perhibet, ut in libris Academicis eam quae ibi uersatur disputationem se habuisse cum M. Varrone, homine, inquit, omnium facile acutissimo et sine ulla dubitatione doctissimo. compared it will be seen that Catulus or Cic. in the first edition alluded to the supposed esoteric teaching of the Academy. This fragment therefore probably belongs to the speech of Cic. in the second book of the second ed., not, as Krische thinks, to the speech of Varro in the third book. Au 36. homine etc.: to all appearance these words occurred in the proemium mentioned by Cic. Att. 16, 6, 4. gustine repeatedly jests at Cicero for using the words sine omni dubitatione here, while professing to hold the doctrine omnia esse dubitanda. Besides the actual fragments of the second edition, many indications of its contents are preserved in the work of Augustine entitled Contra Academicos, which, though written in support of dogmatic opinions, imitated throughout the second edition of the Academica of Cic. No writings of the Classical period had so great an influence on the culture and opinions of Augustine as the Academica and the lost Hortensius. I give, partly from Krische, the scattered indications of the contents of the former which are to be gathered from the bishop's works. In Aug. Contr. Ac. 11. 14, 15, we have what appears to be a summary of the lost part of Book I to the following effect. The New Academy must not be regarded as having revolted against the Old; all that it did was to discuss that new doctrine of karáλnyis advanced by Zeno. The doctrine of åkaraλnyia though present to the minds of the ancients had never taken distinct shape, because it had met with no opposition. The Old Academy was rather enriched than attacked by the New. Antiochus, in adopting Stoicism under the name of the Old Academy, made it appear that there was a strife between it and the New. With Antiochus the historical exposition of Cic. must have ended. From this portion of the first book, Aug. derived his opinion (Contra Ac. II. 1) that New Academicism was excusable from the necessities of the age in which it appeared. Indications of Book II in Aug. are scarce, but to it I refer Contra Ac. 1. 7 placuit Ciceroni nostro beatum esse qui uerum inuestigat etiam si ad eius inuentionem non ualeat peruenire; also ibid. III. 10 illis (Academicis) placuit esse posse hominem sapientem, et tamen in hominem scientiam cadere non posse. These I refer to Cicero's development of the probabile in Book II, although I ought to say that Krische p. 65 maintains that the substance of Catulus' exposition in the Ac. Priora was transferred to Book IV of the Ac. Posteriora. As this would leave very meagre material for Book II, nothing indeed excepting the provisional proof of the deceptiveness of the senses, I cannot accede to his arrangement; mine, I may remark, involves a much smaller departure from the first edition. Allusions in Aug. to the attack on the senses by Cic. in Book II are difficult to fix, as they apply equally well to the later attack in Book IV. As to Books III and IV, I do not think it necessary here to prove from Aug. the points of agreement between them and the Lucullus, which will find a better place in my notes on the latter, but merely give the divergences which appear from other sources. These are the translation of copiouara by cauillationes in Luc. 75 (Seneca ep. 111), and the insertion in 118 of essentia as a translation of ovala. |