ceives a salary of 100,000 francs a month, or $240,500 a year, to keep him and the Arabs quiet. Other chief men among the Arabs, it is said, receive large salaries as a good investment to keep them from mutiny. The Arabs are very restless under the yoke, but they are powerless. We visited the Bey's palace at Marsa, and went about the village, which is composed of his harem of three hundred servants and numerous soldiers to keep up an appearance of power for him. It is delightfully situated on a hill, overlooking the beautiful blue waters of the Mediterranean Sea, where are bath-rooms and beautiful residences of the wealthy Jews and others from Tunis. We have seen here in Tunis some of the handsome Jewish belles, dressed in their peculiar style, which would have been very pretty if their forms had not been so short and thick and their lower limbs almost as big round as their waists. They are very corpulent, which is said to be an additional attraction; they wear skin-tight trousers made of white muslin or silk, and short jackets made loose and of some bright color-green or scarlet-they look like ballet dancers, but in their dress only. They are very handsome, with large, almond-shaped black eyes, black hair and dark complexions, with heavy, dark eyebrows; in the bright colored jackets, with the white. or fancy colored trousers, with their short, thick, corpulent bodies, as they parade up and down the esplanade or

lounge about the front yards at their homes by the sea shore, they present a very attractive appearance-more so than any other people we have seen in all our travels.

In Tunis the people all seem to be men, as the Moorish women cannot appear on the streets except with covered faces; a black veil is used instead of white, as in other Moorish places we have visited, and the Jewish women do not go out except at the promenades in the evening, when they appear as guady as a lot of ballet girls. We took a carriage one afternoon for old, ancient Carthage, founded B. C. 852, which is an exceedingly interesting point to the archæologist. The location is high, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea and the surrounding country, but now hardly a vestage of its ancient glory. remains. A large cathedral has just been erected by the French in a commanding position overlooking the sea and the country round about. We drove out about eight miles from Tunis to the northeast; we could see nothing but a few ancient ruins of the once proud city of Carthage. This is not the place, nor have I the time to go into its most interesting history. It created for itself a great name, and many incidents of interest present themselves to my mind. When I read Virgil in my boyhood, and Gibbon and other historians, I little thought that I should ever have the pleasure of looking upon the ruins of old Carthage. We walked

about and were surprised that so little remains of the once rich, proud city. Some old aqueducts and ruins were occupied by gypsies, and away under ground was an old Roman mill going, with a horse turning the crank; it was dark underneath, and it seemed as if the scene was gotten up especially for out visit.

There is a wall built of stones, about 2,000 feet long and ten feet high, enclosing the chapel built by the French, to commemorate the death of Louis IX., erected on the spot where he died. A new cathedral has just been finished by the French; it is on a high eminence overlooking the sea, Tunis and the distant mountains across the bay. We did not care to go in, as we were looking for ancient not modern works. The wall referred to around the enclosure is covered with devices, sculpture and inscriptions dug from the ruins of old Carthage and not on the wall with cement. There is a large museum in a hall which contains many objects of interest to those who like the study of archæology, but we could only glance at them. I am sure I shall take up the study of Carthage this winter with new interest. We visited the foundations of the old amphitheatre, Basilica, etc., but all is absolute ruin, and we can only get relief by reading all about it at another time. The location was most delightful; it was on hills overlooking the beautiful bay, the mountains across the bay and the whole region round

about of villages and villas of the rich residents of Tunis. The setting sun cast a vivid glow upon the scene as it disappeared behind the western hills-the glorious sunset, the beautiful view spread out before us, the crumbling ruins of this once great city—it is a scene long to be remembered.

On our way to Tunis the moon came up over the mountains across the bay, casting its reflection upon its blue waters. The air from the sea was cool and refreshing, quite in contrast with our experience coming through Algeria the past week under a scorching sun. As we approach Tunis we meet the carriage of the Bey closely covered from view, and are told that it contains one of the two wives of the Bey or some important women personages. When they get out or into a carriage a silk protector is drawn from the carriage to the entrance of the palace so that no one can look at them. What terrible bondage for the poor women, to have no man to look upon their charms, but are obliged to make recluses of themselves, not being allowed to look upon the male sex or any one but their own "lords" and the ladies of the households. As we approach the city we see rockets and fireworks going off, and we are reminded by our Moorish interpreter that "it is the French fete day to-morrow." France has her annual celebration of the foundation of the republic on the 14th of July. Like our 4th of July, it

is the great day of the year for fetes and various celebrations of all kinds in all parts of France and her dominions. Great preparations have been going on in Tunis in the way of decorations in the streets and upon houses with flags, Chinese lanterns,

etc.

Sunday morning early the Bey was to arrive amidst the military and the firing of cannon. We were up early, and at 6:30 A. M. he came in on the train from his palace at Marsa, and was taken to his city palace in a gay coach drawn by six horses and ecorted by the military, where he received the 6,000 soldiers here, cavalry, Zouaves and various companies, amidst music and firing of cannon. The houses were covered with flags and the streets looked like ours on the 4th of July. The majority of people on the crowded streets were Moors, dressed in their peculiar,

white, flowing costume. This is a gay day, and a long programme of the day's performances was handed to us, which reminded us of Independence Day. I do not think the Moors and Arabs enjoyed the sight; they looked sullen and mad, as though angry that their freedom was taken from them and their favorite ruler, the Bey, virtually an outcast, and a stick so far as any power is concerned. The Moors never tire of following him as he comes into the city once a week, on Saturday, to hold a reception at his city palacejust to keep him before them and prevent an outbreak.

We enquired for English church services to-day, but the chaplain told us that the little iron church was closed on account of the hot weather. F. C. SESSIONS. Tunis, Africa, July 14, 1889.

HORACE M. HALE, President of the University of Colorado, was born at Hollis, Hillsboro County, N. H., March 6, 1833, the fourth son in a family of five boys and one girl, all of whom are still living. His father, John Hale and his mother, whose maiden name was Jane Morrison, were also born in New Hampshire. His paternal and maternal grandparents were early settlers in New England-his mother being a lineal descendent of John Morrison, one of the pioneers of Londondery, N. H. The line of ancestry on his father's side extends back to the English, and on his mother's side to the Scotch.

The life of President Hale, though a busy and useful one, has been neither remarkable nor strikingly eventful; yet, if it could be presented in panorama before the ambitious youth of to-day, who are preparing for the battle of life, but struggling with poverty as well, it would certainly tend to encourage, and to incite to persistent and unyielding endeavor.

The writer of this brief biography has know him intimately-boy, youth and man for fifty years, and for thirty-one years has been his daily companion. His parents were poor and the family large-typical representatives were they of the average

Yankee household. His father was one of thirteen children and his mother one of nine.

In 1837 his father moved from Hollis to Rome, N. Y., where the family remained until the father's death, in 1852. In those days the maintenance of a family of eight persons, the ages of six of whom formed an arithmetical progression, having five for the first term, and two for a common difference, admitted of no strikes for short hours-fourteen hours a day for the father and a minimum of sixteen hours for the mother, seldom overstocked the larder or created a redundance in the wardrobe.

The father was a mechanic of more than ordinary genius, skilled in invention, but generally permitting others to reap the benefit of his ingenuity. The modern threshing machines, planing machines, and machines for making barrels, have all been evolved from inventions patented and unpatented, of John Hale's, prior to 1840.

While the subject of this sketch was attaining his nineteenth year, his father was successively the proprietor of machine shops, founderys, sawmills, and the wood-working establishment for the manufacture of agricultural implements. Twice was he burned out, losing all he owned.

In

all these manufactories, the boys were required to lend a hand-seldom was other help employed, and Horace received instruction and business experience in these practical manual training schools during nine months. of the year, becoming skilled in handicraft-both in wood and ironwhile his mental training was covered by an irregular attendance at the village school for three months in the winter. Seldom could he enter before Christmas, and usually left in April, when the busy time in the shop began. Nevertheless he always maintained his rank with the class and never lost a grade.

ces.

The

In 1852 his father died; the shops were heavily mortgaged and had to be sold; the older brothers had reached their majority and had branched. out for themselves; the younger were thrown upon their own resourHorace could command fair wages as a mechanic, but he resolved upon a college course, being encouraged by those who knew him. trustees of a neighboring district offered him their school for the winter term, at fourteen dollars a month and "board round." He accepted the position. Thus, at the age of nineteen -a mere boy-standing less than five feet in his stockings, and weighing less than one hundred pounds, he began the career of a schoolmaster, by wielding the birch over forty-seven farmers' sons and daughters, just such in variety and capacity as are to be seen to-day in the thrifty rural dis

trict school. His success in this first and brave attempt was no doubt due to a reputation he had earned, not only for scholarship and push, but for being the champion light weight athlete for miles around.

In the spring, (1853), with his three month's earnings intact, as capital, he entered Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, at Lima, N. Y. The following winter he taught another school at eighteen dollars a month-the writer taught in the adjoining district at the same time. Upon returning to Lima, in the spring of 1854, he was, upon examination, admitted to the sophomore class of Genesee College. He remained here through the sophomore and junior years, teaching in the winters and working in the fields. and shops during the summer vacations.

At the close of the junior year, he took a letter of honorable dismissal and entered the senior class of Union College, Schenectady, N.Y-not unti' this year did he feel able to hire his board; up to this time he had "bached." He graduated with the class of 1856.

Literally penniless in 1852, President Hale worked his way through college, maintaining a high standing throughout the course, without receiving the slightest pecuninary assistance. (At both colleges his tuition was made nominal.)

Furthermore, he had accumulated, besides contributing his full proportion to the support of his widowed