-Prejudices, Local, religious, and political-State Government- Oligarchic feelings-Subjects of jealousy-Convention meets-Pendle- ton-Henry-Randolph-Mason-Lee-Madison - Nicholas-Corbin -Henry in opposition-Denounces the Constitution-Merits of British Government-Madison explains and ably vindicates the new System— Monroe condemns it-Marshall sustains it-Oswald in Virginia-Madi- son and Lee to Hamilton-Navigation of Mississippi-Control of Navy -General and Treaty power-Local influences-The National Judici- ary-Madison to Hamilton-Letter of Jefferson-Henry's and Madi- son's comments-Monroe urges conditional ratification-Ratifies Con- Hamilton in Congress-Invalids of Army-Admission of Kentucky- State of opinion in New York-Its Convention meets-Clinton, Lansing, Smith, oppose Constitution-Advocates, Duane, Hamilton, Harrison, Jay, and Livingston-Debates-Importance of Union- Hamilton to Madison-Clinton's letter-Smith objects to Legislative Department, the rule of apportionment-Hamilton for a National Government-States defects and effects of Confederation-State de- linquencies-Coercion of States-Civil War-Insists new Govern- ment, truly Republican-Compromises in Convention-Defends rep- resentation of Slaves-Assailed therefor-Necessity of a Democratic branch-Evils of a pure Democracy-Value of a Representative Sys- tem-Jay supports him-Hamilton on importance and uses of a Sen- ate-An efficient government-Utility of State governments-Ob- Dangers of Constitution to States insisted upon-Fiscal power-Hamilton ment of Militia-Hamilton defends it-Vote to ratify-Amendment reserving right to withdraw--Hamilton to Madison-Hamilton closes debate Constitution ratified-City of New York-Excitement-Re- joicing-Celebration of adoption of Constitution-Procession-Honors Hamilton as to accession of Vermont-North Carolina-Its topography- Population-Pursuits-Government-Intestine Feuds-Indebtedness -Devastation-Disposition - Convention meets-Davie, Johnson, Iredell, Spaight, Jones, Macon-Adjourns-Circular as to call of Second Convention by New York-Rhode Island-Hamilton to Olney -Call of Second Convention approved-Pennsylvania-Virginia in favor of a Second General Convention-Randolph to Madison--New York for a revision of the Constitution-Schism in Massachusetts- Congress as to seat of Government--Hamilton urges temporary resi- dence at New York--Claims of Virginia and Pennsylvania-Madison to Washington-Reply-Hamilton prevails-New York selected- Ordinance passed to carry the Constitution into effect--New York re- fuses to choose Electors of President-Defective structure of Constitu- tion-Hamilton and Madison rejected as Delegates to Congress-- Madison defeated as Senator-Chosen a Representative-Opposition to Clinton in New York-Hamilton's address-Hamilton writes letters of H. G. in opposition to Clinton-Four Federalists elected to Con- gress-Hamilton urges Washington to accept the Presidency-Wash- ington's reluctance-Correspondence between them-Franklin pre- ferred by French Counsels-Distrust by France-Instructions to De Moustier-Office of Vice President-John Adams suggested to fill it- Prevailing doubts of his fitness-Washington's view-Hancock- Knox-Correspondence of Hamilton and Madison-Hamilton reluctant- ly assents to Adams-To prevent competition with Washington, votes withheld from Adams-His resentment-Washington unanimously elected President-Adams by a minority of votes-Inauguration of THE HISTORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNITED STATES. CHAPTER XXXVII. FRANCE was all joyous at the restoration of peace. The burthens of the conflict were weighing heavily upon her impoverished treasury. Enough of glory had been gained. The nation's pulse was beating weakly. Prince and People were alike weary of the war, for England, though maimed for a time, was not "overthrown." Enthusiastic pomp and festival proclaimed the conclusion of the comprehensive treaties of compensation. A day of celebration being appointed, "the king-atarms and six heralds-at-arms, all attired in a garb not unlike that of the knave of diamonds, sallied forth on horseback, through the streets of Paris, preceded by the band of the king's stables, and by the Master of Ceremonies. The procession went first to take (by the special direction of the king) the Mayor of Paris, the City authorities, and the Judges of the Châtelet, whose chief had previously delivered to the king-at-arms the ordinance of peace, which was to be proclaimed. VOL. III.-1 "All these corporations, formed in a body, repaired in succession to fourteen public squares, where the reading of the royal document took place, attended each time with these formalities. "The Chevalier de la Haye, after having ordered three peals from his Majesty's bells-at-arms, thrice exclaimed, "In the name of the king," then added, "First herald-atarms of France, by the title of Burgundy, attend to the performance of the duties of your office." The official, thus bidden, received the ordinance from the hands of his chief, and read it aloud. The king-at-arms, after the conclusion of the reading, ordered three flourishes from the royal trumpeters; and then cried out three times, "Long live the king." About the middle of his stately march, the king-at-arms and his heralds, in conformity with a custom as ancient as it is peculiar, entered the convent of the Feuillants, whose monks had prepared a collation for those officials. The rest of the procession, being by the laws of etiquette excluded from the privilege of the feast, waited in the streets the return of the guests of the convent. The ceremony was concluded with a sumptuous supper at the City Hall, where every inhabitant of Paris was a welcome guest. "During this official promenade, the Peace was announced from the stage of the opera to a delighted audience."* While France was thus jubilant, the British Parliament spoke the discontents of the people. By the opposition, the terms of the treaty were loudly condemned; and even its most powerful advocate, William Pitt, held language wounding to the pride of the nation. "To accept the treaty or to continue the war," he declared, "was the only alternative in the power of ministers. Such was the ulti * Oeil de Bœuf, ii. 291. |