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TERMINATIONAL SOUNDS

An acquaintance with the terminational sounds is important to all who are desirous of acquiring an elegant pronunciation. Teachers will find on trial, that these exercises are well calculated to initiate their pupils into the correct principles of the orthoepy of our language.

1. ic, or ick, at the end of words, sounds ik, in cúbic, somnif'ic, sudorif'ic, magʻic, log'ic, public, angel'ic, academ'ic, astronom'ic, pan'ic, tyran'nic, fab'ric, rhet'oric, emphat'ic, arc'tic, poet'ic, crit'ic, eclip'tic, elas'tic, domes'tic, &c.

2. d is pronounced like t when the ed is preceded by f, k, p, s, sh, ch, or any sharp consonant, thus, engraff'ed, quaff'ed, cuff'ed, puff'ed, ingulf'ed; créaked, cloaked, ran'sacked, attack'ed, deck'ed, frol'iced, shock'ed, rock'ed, creek'ed, thank'ed, frank'ed, link'ed, look'ed, embark'ed, remark'ed, help'ed, decamp'ed, cramp'ed, developed, clasp'ed, usurp'ed, crisp'ed, lisp'ed, grasped, depressed, oppress'ed, confess'ed, profess'ed, bless'ed, wit'nessed, address'ed, transgress'ed, repress'ed, possess'ed, guess'ed, cross'ed, discuss'ed, abash'ed refresh'ed, estab lished, published, fam'ished, dimin'ished, finish'ed, aston'ished, flour'ished, lan'guished, extinguished, blush'ed, rush'ed, crush'ed, impeached, encroached, detach'ed, stretch'ed, eurich'ed, branch'ed, search'ed, march'ed, catch'ed, match'ed, despatch'ed, fetch'ed, touch'ed, avouch'ed, &c. (blessed, when an adjective, is, in grave subjects, pronounced in two syllables, thus-a bless'-ed reward.) The ed is pronounced as a distinct syllable in learn'-ed, wing'-ed, when adjectives.The ed in aged always makes a distinct syllable, as an a'-ged man; but when this word is compounded with another, the ed does not form a syllable, as a full ag'd horse. The ed is pronounced as a distinct syllable in the following adverbs, though it is contracted in the participial adjectives from which they are formed.-forcedly, enforcedly, unveil'edly, deform'edly, feign'edly, unfeign edly, design'edly, re sign'edly, restrainedly, refinedly unconcern'edly, undiscern'edly, assuredly, advisedly, composedly, diffusedly, confusedly, unperceivedly resolvedly, deserved. ly, undeservedly, reservedly, unreservedly, avow'edly, perplex'edly, fix'edly, amázedly. The participial termination ed must never be pronounced as a distinct syllable, unless preceded by d or t, except in the language of Scripture.

3. in ed, a verbal termination, the e is not sounded, and the d is joined to the preceding syllable, in mov'ed, prov'ed, approved, disapprov'ed, improv'ed, believed, disbelieved, imbibed, inscribed, transcribed, obliged, disobliged, engaged, convey'ed, survey'ed, delay'ed, plann'ed, mann'ed, crown'ed, frown'ed, mourn'ed, calm'ed, framed, blámed, támed, skill'ed, toil'ed, referr'ed, deferr'ed, preferr'ed, raised, praised, procured, secured, inured, received, &c.

4. ed forms a separate syllable when preceded by d or t, in commended, recommend'ed, moulded, folded, disband'ed command ed, expand'ed, brand'ed, avoided, befriend'ed, offend'ed, defend'ed, blend'ed, extend'ed, suspend'ed, blinded, des pond'ed, rebound'ed, surround'ed; hated, an'imated, abstract ed, affected, limited, deposited, revolt'ed, anoint'ed, devoted, accept'ed, part'ed, tasted, act'ed, compact'ed, detract'ed, extract'ed, affect'ed, subject'ed, select'ed, collect'ed, direct'ed, protect'ed, convict'ed, deduct'ed, construct'ed, &c.

5. old, s. old, bold, blindfold, inföld, unfold, behold, withhold, inhóld, uphold, retold, untold, mistóld. (old s. öld) threefold, man'ifold, pin fold, marigold, freehold, house'hold, thresh'hold, cop'yhold. (old s. åld in scaffold.)

6. ind, s. ind, in bind, behind, gav'elkind, mankind, wom'ankind, húmankind, unkind, pur'blind, remind, wind (v.) unwind. (ind s. ind in) abscind', re scind', prescind', discind', interscind', tam'arind, whirl'wind, wind, or wind, (n.) 7. e final, s. è, in ac'me, epit'ome, extem'pore, sim'ile, apostrophe, hyperbole, syn'cope, syndrome, synec'doche, tem'pore, sys'tole.

8. ibe, s. ibe, in imbibe, ascribe, misascribe, subscribe, describe, rescribe, prescribe, circumscribe, transcribe, inscribe, proscribe, superscribe, interscribe. 9. ice, s. 1s, in jaun'dice, cow'ardice, prej'udice, ben'efice, ven'efice, of'fice, ed'ifice, or'ifice, pontifice, artifice, superfice, chalice, mal'ice, complice, accom'

plice, sur'plice, pum'ice, cor'nice, precipice, au'spice, av'arice, dent'ifrice, licorice, cic'atrice, ma trice, practice, malepractice, poul'tice, prentice, appren'tice, notice, ar'mistice, sol'stice, interstice, jus'tice, injustice, cre'vice, nov'ice, service. (ice s. ise in) ice, dice, bespice, entice, advice, device. (ice s. lze in) suffice', sac'rifice. (ice s. èès in) police' caprice'. (oice s. oys in) choice, rejoice', voice, in'voice, outvoice'.-juice s. juse-ver'juice s. vẻr'jås-sluice s. sluse.

10. ance,* s. âns, in disturb'ance, guidance, attend'ance, abundance, bal'ance, appearance, remem'brance, frágrance, en'trance (n.) obei'sance, úsance, expect'ance, reluct'ance, exor'bitance, inheritance, repent'ance, accept'ance, import'ance, contrivance, allow'ance, &c. (ance accented, or in monosyllables, s. ans in) bechance', perchance', mischance', enhance', askance', romance', finance', entrance', disentrance', complaisance', advance;; dance, chance, lance, glance, prance, trance.

11. ence, s. êns, in in'nocence,t acquies'cence, cádence, con'fidence, depend'ence, prúdence, defi'cience, effi"cience, insuffi'cience science, pre science, omniscience, con'science, obédience, expe'rience, si'lence, ex'cellence, in'dolence, op'ulence, commence', pref'erence, occur'rence, omnipres'ence, pen'itence, consist'ence, exist'ence, af 'fluence, in'fluence, con'sequence, el'oquence.

12. scence, s. sens, in quies'cence, coales'cence, invales'cence, convales'cence, adoles'cence, concres'cence, excres'cence, putres'cence, efferves'cence, &c. 13. duce, s. dùse, in tradúce, abdúce, obdúce, subdúce, edúce, dedúce, redúce, sedúce, indúce, superindúce, condúce, reproduce, introdúce, prodúce (v.) prod'uce.

14. ide, s. Ide, in bide, decide, incide, coincide, confide, backslide, deride, astride, bestride, aside, subside, beside, reside, preside, weakside, withinside, be úde, springtide, noontide, misguide, divide, subdivide, provide, de'icide, re"gicide, hom'icide, parricide, matricide, fratricide, infanticide, suicide, broad'side, blind'side, in'side, out'side, twelf'tide, e'ventide, whit'suntide, coun'tertide.

15. lude, s. lude, in acclúde, reclúde, preclúde, seclúde, include, conclúde, interclúde, exclúde, elúde, prelúde, (v.) allude, illúde, collúde, prel'ude, in'terlude.

16. ee, s. è. in bee, fee, refugee appellée, assignée, epopée, decrée, agrée, disagrée, degrée, fricasée, foresée, oversée lessée, fusée, legatée, guarantée, grantée, absentée, presentée, patentée, devotée, repartée, trustée, settée, advowée, coffee, feof fee, ap'ogee, tro'chee, spon'dee, prith'ee, ju'bilee, ped'igree, commit'tee, lev'ee.

17. age, s. idje, in cab'bage, herb'age, bond'age, cord'age, vas'salage, pil'lage, assemblage, dam'age, im'age, man'age, spin'nage, patronage, stop'page, av'erage, courage, her'mitage, advantage, port'age, cottage, lan'guage, voy'age, pres'age (n), carriage, miscarriage, marriage, intermarriage, &c. (age s. aje in) age, cage, incage, gage, engage', pre-engage', disengage', page, ti'tlepage, rage, sage, presage (v.), stage, assuage', wage, ad'age.

18. dge, s. j, in trudge, grudge, judge, lodge, par'tridge, abridge', ridge, wedge, knowledge, sledge, pledge, fledge, hedge, edge, badge, &c.

19. arge, s. årj, in barge, charge, recharge', overcharge', surcharge', discharge', enlarge', overlarge'.

20. able, s å-bl, in ap'plicable, for'midable, com'mendable, peace'able, agreeable, perishable, sociable, mag'nifiable, amiable, pit'iable, es'timable, resumable, defin'able, sufferable, númerable, venerable, an'swerable, advisable, cred'itable, hab itable, im'itable, suit'able, nótable, com'fortable, &c. (able s. abl in) a'ble, fable, gáble, enable, unáble, sáble, disáble, táble, stáble, instáble, unstable.

21. ible, s. é-bl, in evin'cible, invin'cible, do"cible, forcible, iras'cible, dedúcible, credible, au'dible, le"gible, intel'ligible, fran'gible, discern'ible, terʼrible, vis'ible, defen'sible, comprehen'sible, pas'sible, impossible, plau'sible, com*The learner should be required to give the meaning of the prefixes in, un, en, &c.—and terminations ance, ence, &c. See Exp. p. 24, 25, 26, &c.

The pupil should be made to comprehend the difference between a compound and derivative word.

patible, convert'ible, resist'ible, combust'ible, index'ible, &c. (ible s. ibl in bible. oible s. oy-bl in foi ble.)

22. uble, s. ù-bl in sol'uble, indis'soluble, vol'uble. (ouble s. ubl in) dou”ble, redouble, semidou"ble, trouble.

23. ile, s. il, in facile, crocodile, do"cile, a"gile, juvenile, feb'rile pu'erile, ten'sile, mis'sile, volatile, ver'satile, project'ile, due'tile, mer'cantile, rep'tile, fer'tile, hos'tile, fútile, sex'tile, ser'vile, flex'ile, &c. (ile s. lle in) rec'oncile, cham'omile, in'fantile, gen'tile, pen'tile, ex'ile, défile. (n.) awhile, some while, erewhile, oth'erwhile, compile, revile, beguile (v.) (ile s. lle in) profile. (ile s. èle in) mobile-(ile s. èlè in) sim'ile, u'tile; when utile is used as an adjective, it is pronounced in two syllables, with the accent on the first.

24. stle, s. sl, in cas'tle, fore'castle, nes'tle, tres'tle, wres'tle, this'tle, whis'tle, epis'tle, bris'tle, gris'tle, jos'tle, thros'tle, bus'tle, jus'tle, nus'tle, rus'tle. (stle s. sil in pestle).

25. some, s. såш, in some, glad'some, whole'some, long'some, dark'some, irk'some, toil'some, ran'some, bur'densome, light'some, cum'bersome, &c.

26. sume, s. sùme, in absúme, desúme, consume, assume, reassúme. (sume s. zume in) resúme and presúme.

27. ine, s. in-in sab'ine, med'icine, ima"gine, en'gine, amaran'thine, hyacin'thine, al'kaline, a'quiline, cor'alline, met'alline, chrys'talline, dis'cipline, mas'culine, fam'ine, jes'samine, exam'ine, re-exam'ine, cross-exam'ine, er mine, determine, predeter'mine, exter'mine, ver'mine, jasmine, relumine, illúmine, fem'inine, her'oine, rap'ine, súpine, (.) nec'tarine, salaman'drine, Alexan'drine, per'egrine, doc'trine, cit'rine, palatine, adaman'tine, lib'ertine, asbes'tine, des'tine, predes'tine, clandes'tine, intes'tine, pris'tine, amethys'tine, sanguine, ensang'uine, gen'uine, jac'obine, (ine s. Ine) wood'bine, col'umbine, car'bine, con' cubine, mus'cadine, incar'nadine, brig'andine, con'fine, (n.) fe'line, out'line, cal'amine, car'mine, counter'mine, sat'urine, por'cupine, sac'charine, fe'rine, vi'perine, brig'antine, val'entine, ser'pentine, tur'pentine, ves'pertine, combine, calcine, saline, decline, recline, incline, disincline, underline, interline, undermine, countermine, canine, repine, supine (adj.) divine, untwine, intertwine, moon' shine, outshine, define, refine, &c. (ine s. ène in) fasciné, machine, tambariné, mariné, ultramariné, submariné, transmariné, tabouriné, quarantiné, colbertiné, routine, magaziné. (essoine s. essoyn').

28. ire, s. ire, in ire, dire, bemíre, quag'mire, aspire, respire, transpire, inspire, conspire, perspire, suspire, expire, desire, retire, entire, intire, attire, acquire, require, prerequire, inquire, esquire, wild'fire, bon'fire, empire, um'pire, ac'rospire, grand'sire. (ire s. îr in) cam'phire, sapph'ire.sa'tire or sat'ire-solitaire s. sôl-è-tåre.

29. sure, s. zhůre, in pleas'ure, displeas'ure, meas'ure, outmeas'ure, treas'ure, intreas'ure, incis'ure, exposure, press'ure, impress'ure, sciss'ure, fissure, commiss'ure, rásure, leisure, clósure, enclosure, disclosure, composure, discomposure, disposure, cen'sure, compress'ure, coun'terpressure, express'ure, ensúre, unsure, assúre.

30. ture, s. túre, in júdicature, féature, créature, ligʼature, min'iature, abbre'viature, entablature, le"gislature, na'ture, sig'nature, illnature, tem'perature, lit'erature, curv'ature, manufacture, conjec'ture, lec'ture, ar'chitecture, picture, stric'ture, junc'ture, forfeiture, fur'niture, horticulture, adven'ture, pas'ture, mix' ture, mature, prematúre, immature.

31. re, preceded by a consonant, s. er, in sabre, fibre, om'bre, a'cre, wise'acre, mas'sacre, lúcre, theatre, amphithe'atre, elec'tre, spec'tre, métre, pe'tre, saltpétre, mitre, nítre, centre, scep'tre, lus'tre, accou'tre, livre.-parterre', s. par-tare.

32. ise, s. ize, in criticise, cir'cumcise, ex'ercise, ex'orcise, mer'chandise, meth'odise, catechise, monarchise, eter'nalise, nat'uralise, disnaturalise, e'qualise, synou omise, com'promise, epit'omise, man'umise, recognise, tyr anise, colonise, patronise, glut'tonise, modernise, eter'nise, au'thorise, disau'thorise, temporise, contem'porise, en'terprise, up'rise, (n), like'wise, length'wise, nowise, oth'erwise, slant'wise, demise, premise, surmise, presurmise, despise, rise,

arise, sunʼrise, reprise, comprise, surprise, misprise, uprisé (v.), advertise, nastise, advise, devise, revise', disguise, supervise, weath'erwise. (ise s. Iz in) fran'chise, affran'chise, enfran'chise, disfranchise, amor'tise (ise s. is, in) prom'ise, break promise, tortoise, trea'tise, prac'tise, diver'tise, mor'tise. (ise s. Ise in) paradise, impar'adise, precisé, rise* (n.), concisé. (oise s. oyz in) noise, poise, equipoise, counterpoise, overpoise. (aise s aze in) chaise, appraise, dispraise. chevaux-de-friesé s. shev-ó-dè-frèze.

33. ciate, s. shèåte, in glaciate, congláciate, emáciate, depréciate, offi'ciate, provin'ciate, enun'ciate, annun'ciate, consociate, (v.), associate (v.), dissóciate, cruciate, excrúciate, consóciate (n.), associate (n. or adj.)

34 lute, s. lute, in salúte, elúte, dilúte, pollute, ab'solute, res'olute, irres'olute, dis'solute.

35. ue is silent in league, colleague, intrigue, fatigue, harangue, pedagogue, dem'agogue, syn'agogue, di'alogue, cat'alogue, prologue, opaque, antique, bur lesqué, mosque, &c. (ue s. à in) águe, argue, value, undervalue, overvalue, av'enue, revenue, ret'inue, continue, discontin'ue, stat'ue, virtue, unglúe, (ue s. do in) rue, congrue, true, untrue, construe, miscon'strue, iss'ue, tiss'ue. 36. ive, s. Iv, in give, forgive, olive, outlive, evasive, suásive, dissuásive, adhésive, decisive, repul'sive, expan'sive, defen'sive, apprehen'sive, pen'sive, osten'sive, explosive, corrosive, subver'sive, extor'sive, pas'sive, transmis'sive, precur'sive, abusive, conclúsive, amúsive, vindic'ative, commúnicative, rec'reative, neg'ative, palliative, talkative, rel'ative, appel'lative, contem'plative, super'lative, em'ulative, affirm'ative, prepar'ative, demon'strative, disputative, abstrac'tive, disjunc'tive, defin'itive, inquisitive, incep'tive, distrib'utive, dimin utive, &c. (ive s. lve in) five, hive, bee hive, live (adj.), alive, connive, overdrive, derive, deprive, arrive, contrive, revive, connive, survive.

37 g before n in the same syllable is silent in imprégn, campaign, champaign, arráign, condign, sov'ereign, foreign, malign, benign, subsign, design, re sign, en'sign, consign, countersign, assign, impugn, propúgn, oppúgn, expúgn.

38. ing, s. ing, in amazing, dy'ing, say'ing, knowing, deserv'ing, last'ing, writing, blessing, hearing, mourning, morn'ing, opening, alarm'ing, changeling, lord'ling, breathing, accord'ing, understand'ing, building, bid'ding, trading, réading, pleading, leading, facing, piercing, &c.

39. inging, s. ingin, in cling'ing, fling'ing, ring'ing, spring'ing, string, ing, wring'ing, singing, sting'ing, wing'ing, swing'ing, sling'ing, bring'ing.

40. ong, s. ông, in thong, dip'thong, triphthong, along, oblong, headlong, end long, belong, side'long, erelong', live'long, prolong', o'verlong, fur'long, head'strong, e'vensong. (ong s. ang in) among, amongst'.

41. ough, s. d, in furlough, bor'ough, thorough, although', (ough s. ow) bough, plough, slough, a deep mire; (ough s. ôf in) cough, hooping-cough, chin'cough, clough, an allowance in weight; trough. (ough s. åf in) enough', rough, tough-ough s. 33 in through-ough s. up in hic'cough.

42. th, s. th, in death, heath, breath, wreath (n.) path, breadth, ze"nith, herewith', therewith', wherewith, forthwith', forsooth', betroth', az'imuth, &c. (th s. TH in) sheath (v.) unsheath', beneath', underneath', with, smooth, sooth (v.) mouth (v.)

43. cial s. shål in special, judicial, beneficial, official, artificial, super. fi'cial, provincial, sócial, commercial, fidúcial, &c.

44. tial, s. shål, in ini"tial, solsti"tial, substan'tial, circumstanʼtial, creden'tial, den'tial, prudential, pestilen'tial, reveren'tial, essen'tial, peniten'tial, poten'tial, nuptial, martial, partial, impartial, &c. (tial, preceded by s, sounds tshea in) bes'tial, celestial, subceles'tial, superceles'tial.

45. ful, s. fål, in dread'ful, need'ful, hand'ful, peace'ful, graceful, changeful, venge'ful, revenge'ful, guileful, túneful, hopeful, careful, grateful, spiteful, wasteful, wish'ful, faithful, slóthful, plen'tiful, boun'tiful, thank'ful, mournful, won'derful, delight'ful, &c.

* These words are pronounced according to Walker.

46. form, s. form, in form, deform', reform', efform', triform, len'tiform, multiform, inform', misinform', conform', perform', transform', platform', uniform'. 47. en, s. n, in deaf'en,* beech'en, fresh'en, length'en, weaken, drunk'en, spóken, token, stolen, swollen, chéapen, ripen, open, hap'pen, loos en, beaten, lighten, brighten, heart'en, fat'ten, writ'ten, heav'en, sev'en, woven, flax'en, brazen, coz'en, doz'en, miz'zen, &c. (en s. en in monosyllables) as glen, ten, wen; and in such words as twig'gen, kitch'en, hy'phen, álien, woollen, amen', specimen, lin'en, as'pen, breth'ren, siren, mar'ten, &c.-of'ten and sof'ten s. ofn and sofn. 48. sten, s. s n, in hásten, fas'ten, unfas'ten, chásten, lis'ten, glis'ten, mois'ten, chris'ten.

49. ain accented, or in a monosyllable, s. åne, in ordáin, disdain, regain, encháin, complain, explain, domáin, refrain, restráin, contáin, abstáin, chil'blain, por'celain, (ain s. en in) again', against'.

50. ain, unaccented, s. în-in villain, chap'lain, chamberlain, mur'rain, chief'tain, plan'tain, foun'tain, moun'tain, cap'tain, cer'tain, uncer'tain, cur'tain, 51. ion, preceded by lor n, accented, s. yan, in battalion, vermil'ion, pavilion, medallion, rebellion, billion, mil'lion, postil'ion, &c. companion, min'ion, domin'ion, opin'ion, on'ion, &c.

52. sion, preceded by a, e, i, o, or u, s. zhân in occasion, evasion, invásion, persuasion, dissuasion, &c adhésion, inhésion, cohésion; decision, precision, incision, collision, division, provision, &c. displosion, explosion, corrosion; fusion, diffusion, infúsion, confusion, conclusion, exclúsion, allúsion, intrúsion, contusion, &c.

53. sion, preceded by any of the consonants, s. shon, in impul'sion, compul'sion, expan'sion, comprehen'sion, dimen'sion, mer'sion, aver'sion, incur'sion, pass'ion, process'ion, possess'ion, miss'ion, percuss'ion, dismiss'ion, &c.

54. ssion, s. shun, in pas'sion, compas'sion, ces'sion, conces'sion, profes'sion, egres'sion, pres'sion, session, posses'sion, mis'sion, remis'sion, manumis'sion, concus'sion, discus'sion, &c.

55. tion, s. shůn, in constitútion, solution, elocution, caútion, pórtion, op'tion, percep'tion, atten'tion, contrition, addition, conjunc'tion, collection, elevation, lamentation, vacation, probation, libation, &c.

56. tion, preceded by s, or x, s. tshûn, in ambus'tion, combus'tion, ques'tion, congestion, diges'tion, suggestion, bas'tion, &c. mix'tion, admix'tion, commix'tion, permix'tion.

57. xion, s. shan, in flex'ion, complex'ion, annex'ion, connex'ion, prefix" ion, affix'ion, crucifix'ion, commix'ion, flux'ion.

58. son, s. zn, in reason, treason, séason, ven'ison, poison, empoison, coun'terpoison, pris'on, impris'on, dam'son, crim'son. (son, s. zân, in) diapason. (son, s. sun, in) son, grand'son, god'son, unison, compar'ison. (son, s. sn, in) máson, gar'rison, par'son, per'son, les'son.

59. own, s. own, in down, adown', upside-down', renown', imbrown', nut'brown. (own, s. òn, in) own, shown, blown, flown, high'flown, known, unknown, disówn, unsówn.

60. ear, s. ère, in ear, endear', rchéar, overhear', besméar, appéar, disappéar, upréar, arréar, leap'year. (ear, s. are, in) bear, bugbear, upbear, underbear, overbeár, forbear, pear, tear, (v.) tear (n. a rent), wear, swear, unswear, forswear, outswear. (ear, s. èår, in) lin'ear, rectilin'ear, curvilin'ear.

61. er, s. år, in am'ber, chamber, octóber, cum'ber, officer, offend'er, pretend'er, fin'ger, lin'ger, lexicog'rapher, geog'rapher, orthog'rapher, biog'rapher, historiographer, cosmog'rapher, controller, glim'mer, sum'mer, mariner, móurner, usurp'er, con'jurer, con'quer, consid'er, diam'eter, pentameter, hex

* When a vowel is not sounded in the verb, it is silent also in the participles derived from it.

Though in some of the preceding and succeeding paragraphs it is impossible to point out the particular accented letter, yet by means of the mark, the syllable, or sound, on which the accent rests, will not readily be mistaken.

B

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