TERMINATIONAL SOUNDS

An acquaintance with the terminational sounds is important to all who are desirous of acquiring an elegant pronunciation. Teachers will find on trial, that these exercises are well calculated to initiate their pupils into the correct principles of the orthoepy of our language.

1. ic, or ick, at the end of words, sounds ik, in cúbic, somnif'ic, sudorif'ic, magʻic, logʻic, pub'lic, angel'ic, academ'ic, astronom'ic, pan'ic, tyran'nic, fab'ric, rhetoric, emphat'ic, arc'tic, poet'ic, crit'ic, eclip'tic, elastic, domes'tic, &c.

2. d is pronounced like t when the ed is preceded by f, k, p, s, sh, ch, or any sharp consonant, thus, engraff'ed, quaff'ed, cuff'ed, puff'ed, ingulf'ed; creaked, cloaked, ran'sacked, attack'ed, deck'ed, frol'iced, shock'ed, rock'ed, creek'ed, thank'ed, frank'ed, link'ed, look'ed, embark'ed, remark'ed, help'ed, decamp'ed, cramp'ed, developed, clasp'ed, usurp'ed, crisp'ed, lisp'ed, grasped, depress'ed, oppress'ed, confess'ed, profess'ed, bless'ed, wit'nessed, address'ed, transgress'ed, repress'ed, possess'ed, guess'ed, cross'ed, discuss'ed, abash'ed refresh'ed, estab lished, published, fam'ished, diminished, finished, aston'ished, flour'ished, lan'guished, extinguished, blush'ed, rush'ed, crush'ed, impeached, encroached, de tach'ed, stretch'ed, enrich'ed, branch'ed, search'ed, march'ed, catch'ed, match'ed, despatch'ed, fetch'ed, touch'ed, avouch'ed, &c. (blessed, when an adjective, is, in grave subjects, pronounced in two syllables, thus-a bless'-ed reward.) The ed is pronounced as a distinct syllable in learn'-ed, wing'-ed, when adjectives.The ed in aged always makes a distinct syllable, as an a'-ged man; but when this word is compounded with another, the ed does not form a syllable, as a full ag'd horse. The ed is pronounced as a distinct syllable in the following adverbs, though it is contracted in the participial adjectives from which they are formed.-forcedly, enforcedly, unveil'edly, deform'edly, feign'edly, unfeign edly, design'edly, resign'edly, restrainedly, refinedly unconcern'edly, undiscern'edly, assuredly, advisedly, composedly, diffusedly, confusedly, unperceivedly resolvedly, deser ved ly, undeservedly, reservedly, unreservedly, avow'edly, perplex'edly, fix'edly, amázedly. The participial termination ed must never be pronounced as a distinct syllable, unless preceded by d or t, except in the language of Scripture.

3. in ed, a verbal termination, the e is not sounded, and the d is joined to the preceding syllable, in mov'ed, prov'ed, approved, disapprov'ed, improv'ed, believed, disbelieved, imbibed, mscribed, transcribed, obliged, disobliged, engaged, convey'ed, survey'ed, delay'ed, plann'ed, mann'ed, crown'ed, frown'ed, mourn'ed, calm'ed, framed, blamed, támed, skill'ed, toil'ed, referr'ed, deferr'ed, preferr'ed, raised, praised, procúred, secured, inúred, received, &c.

4. ed forms a separate syllable when preceded by d or t, in commended, recommend'ed, moulded, folded, disband'ed command ed, expand'ed, brand'ed, avoided, befriend'ed, offend'ed, defend'ed, blend'ed, extend'ed, suspend'ed, blinded, despond'ed, rebound'ed, surround'ed; hated, an'imated, abstract ed, affected, limited, deposited, revolt'ed, anoint'ed, devoted, accept'ed, part'ed, tásted, act'ed, compact'ed, detract'ed, extract'ed, affect'ed, subject'ed, select'ed, collect'ed, direct'ed, protect'ed, convict'ed, deduct'ed, construct'ed, &c.

5. old, s. old, bold, blindfold, inföld, unfold, behold, withhold, inhold, uphold, retold, untold, mistóld. (old s. öld) threefold, man'ifold, pin fold, marigold, freehold, house hold, thresh'hold, cop'yhold. (old s. åld in scaffold.)

6. ind, s. lnd, in bind, behind, gav'elkind, mankind, wom'ankind, húmankind, unkind, pur'blind, remind, wind (v.) unwind. (ind s. ind in) abscind', rescind', prescind', discind', interscind', tam'arind, whirl'wind, wind, or wlud, (n.)

7. e final, s. è, in ac'me, epit'ome, extem'pore, sim'ile, apostrophe, hyperbole, syn'cope, syn'drome, synec'doche, tem'pore, sys'tole.

8. ibe, s. lbe, in imbibe, ascribe, misascribe, subscribe, describe, rescribe, prescribe, circumscribe, transcribe, inscribe, proscribe, superscribe, interscríbe.

9. ice, s. is, in jaun'dice, cow'ardice, prej'udice, ben'efice, ven'efice, of'fice, ed'ifice, or'ifice, pontifice, artifice, superfice, chalice, mal'ice, com'plice, accom'

plice, sur'plice, pum'ice, cor'nice, precipice, au'spice, avarice, dentifrice, licorice, cic'atrice, matrice, practice, malepractice, poul'tice, prentice, apprentice, nótice, ar'mistice, sol'stice, interstice, jus'tice, injustice, cre'vice, nov'ice, service. (ice s. ise in) ice, dice, bespice, entice, advice, device. (ice s. lze in) suffice', sac'rifice. (ice s. èès in) police' caprice'. (oice s. oys in) choice, rejoice', voice, in'voice, outvoice'.-juice s. juse-ver'juice s. vêr'jås-sluice s. sluse.

10. ance,* s. âns, in disturb'ance, guidance, attend'ance, abund'ance, bal'ance, appearance, remem'brance, frágrance, en'trance (n.) obei ́sance, úsance, expect'ance, reluct'ance, exor'bitance, inheritance, repent'ance, accept'ance, import'ance, contrivance, allow'ance, &c. (ance accented, or in monosyllables, s. ans in) bechance', perchance', mischance', enhance', askance', romance', finance', entrance', disentrance', complaisance', advance;; dance, chance, lance, glance, prance, trance.

11. ence, s. êns, in in'nocence,t acquies'cence, cadence, con'fidence, depend'ence, prúdence, defi'cience, effi"cience, insuffi'cience science, pre science, omniscience, con'science, obédience, experience, si'lence, excellence, in'dolence, op'ulence, commence', pref'erence, occur'rence, omnipres'ence, pen'itence, consist'ence, exist'ence, af 'fluence, in'fluence, con'sequence, el'oquence.

12. scence, s. sens, in quies'cence, coales'cence, invales'cence, convales'cence, adoles'cence, concres'cence, excres'cence, putres'cence, efferves'cence, &c. 13. duce, s. duse, in tradúce, abdúce, obdúce, subdúce, edúce, dedúce, redúce, sedúce, indúce, superindúce, condúce, reproduce, introdúce, prodúce (v.) prod'uce.

14. ide, s. Ide, in bide, decide, incide, coincide, confide, backslide, deride, astride, bestride, aside, subside, beside, reside, preside, weakside, withinside, betide, springtide, noontide, misguide, divide, subdivide, provide, de'icide, re"gicide, hom'icide, parricide, matricide, fratricide, infanticide, suicide, broad'side, blind'side, in'side, out'side, twelf'tide, e'ventide, whit'suntide, coun'tertide.

15. lude, s. lude, in acclúde, reclúde, preclúde, seclúde, include, conclúde, interclúde, exclúde, elúde, prelúde, (v.) allúde, illúde, collúde, prel'ude, in'terlude.

16. ee, s. è. in bee, fee, refugee appellée, assignée, epopée, decrée, agrẻe, disagrée, degrée, fricasée, foresée, oversée lessée, fusée, legatée, guarantée, grantée, absentée, presentée, patentée, devotee, repartee, trustée, settée, advowée, coffee, feof'fee, ap'ogee, tro'chee, spon'dee, prithee, ju'bilee, ped'igree, commit'tee, lev'ee.

17. age, s. îdje, in cab'bage, herb'age, bond'age, cord’age, vas'salage, pil'lage, assemblage, dam'age, im'age, manage, spin'nage, patronage, stop'page, av'erage, courage, her'mitage, advantage, port'age, cottage, lan'guage, voy'age, pres'age (n), carriage, miscarriage, marriage, intermar'riage, &c. (age s. aje in) age, cage, incage, gage, engage', pre-engage', disengage', page, ti'tlepage, rage, sage, presage (v.), stage, assuage', wage, ad'age.

18. dge, s. j, in trudge, grudge, judge, lodge, par'tridge, abridge', ridge, wedge, knowledge, sledge, pledge, fledge, hedge, edge, badge, &c..

19. arge, s. årj, in barge, charge, recharge', overcharge', surcharge', discharge', enlarge', overlarge'.

20. able, s â-bl, in ap'plicable, for'midable, com'mendable, peace'able, agreeable, perishable, sóciable, mag'nifiable, ámiable, pit'iable, es'timable, resumable, defin'able, sufferable, númerable, venerable, an'swerable, advis'able, cred'itable, hab itable, im'itable, suitable, nótable, com'fortable, &c. (able s. abl in) a'ble, fable, gáble, enable, unáble, sáble, disáble, táble, stáble, instáble, unstable.

21. ible, s. é-bl, in evin'cible, invin'cible, do"cible, forcible, iras'cible, deducible, cred'ible, au'dible, le"gible, intelligible, fran'gible, discern'ible, ter'rible, vis'ible, defen'sible, comprehen'sible, pas'sible, impos sible, plau'sible, com

*The learner should be required to give the meaning of the prefixes in, un, en, &c.—and terminations ance, ence, &c. See Exp. p. 24, 25, 26, &c.

†The pupil should be made to comprehend the difference between a compound and derivative word.

patible, convert'ible, resist'ible, combustible, index'ible, &c. (ible s. ibl in bible. oible s. oy-bl in foi ble.)

22. uble, s. ù-bl in sol'uble, indis'soluble, vol'uble. (ouble s. ubl in) double, redouble, semidou"ble, trouble.

23. ile, s. il, in facile, crocodile, do"cile, a"gile, juvenile, feb'rile pu'erile, ten'sile, mis'sile, volatile, ver'satile, project'ile, due'tile, mer'cantile, rep'tile, fer'tile, hos'tile, futile, sex'tile, ser'vile, flex'ile, &c. (ile s. lle in) rec'oncile, cham'omile, in'fantile, gen'tile, pen'tile, ex'ile, défile. (n.) awhile, some'while, erewhile, oth'erwhile, compile, revile, beguile (v.) (ile s. lle in) profile. (ile s. èle in) mobile (ile s. èlè in) sim'ile, u'tile; when utile is used as an adjective, it is pronounced in two syllables, with the accent on the first.

24. stle, s. sl, in cas'tle, fore'castle, nes'tle, tres'tle, wres'tle, this'tle, whis'tle, epis'tle, bris'tle, gris'tle, jos'tle, thros'tle, bus'tle, jus'tle, nus'tle, rus'tle. (stle s. sil in pestle).

25. some, s. såш, in some, glad'some, whole'some, long'some, dark'some, irk'some, toil'some, ran'some, bur'densome, light'some, cum'bersome, &c.

26. sume, s. sume, in absúme, desúme, consume, assume, reassúme. (sume s. zùme in) resúme and presúme.

27. ine, s. In-in sab'ine, med'icine, ima"gine, en'gine, amaran'thine, hyacin'thine, al'kaline, a'quiline, cor'alline, met'alline, chrys'talline, dis'cipline, mas'culine, fam'ine, jes'samine, exam'ine, re-exam'ine, cross-exam'ine, er'mine, deter'mine, predeter'mine, exter'mine, ver'mine, jas'mine, relúmine, illúmine, fem'inine, her'oine, rap'ine, supine, (.) nectarine, salaman'drine, Alexan'drine, per'egrine, doc'trine, cit'rine, pal'atine, adaman'tine, lib'ertine, asbes'tine, des'tine, predes'tine, clandes'tine, intes'tine, pris'tine, amethys'tine, sanguine, ensang'uine, gen'uine, jac'obine, (ine s. ine) wood'bine, col'umbine, carbine, con' cubine, mus'cadine, incar'nadine, brig'andine, con'fine, (n.) fe'line, out'line, cal'amine, car'mine, counter'mine, sat'urine, por'cupine, sac'charine, fe'rine, vi'perine, brig'antine, val'entine, serpentine, tur'pentine, ves'pertine, combine, calcine, saline, decline, recline, incline, disincline, underline, interline, undermine, countermine, canine, repine, supine (adj.) divine, untwine, intertwine, moon' shine, outshine, define, refine, &c. (ine s. ènè in) fasciné, machiné, tambariné, mariné, ultramariné, submariné, transmariné, tabouriné, quarantiné, colbertiné, routine, magaziné. (essoine s. essoyn').

28. ire, s. ire, in ire, dire, bemire, quag'mire, aspire, respire, transpire, inspire, conspire, perspire, suspire, expire, desire, retire, entire, intire, attire, acquire, require, prerequire, inquire, esquíre, wild'fire, bon'fire, empire, um'pire, ac'rospire, grand'sire. (ire s. ir in) cam'phire, sapph'ire.or sat'ire-solitaire s. sôl-è-tare.

-sa'tire

29. sure, s. zhůre, in pleas'ure, displeas'ure, meas'ure, outmeas'ure, treas'ure, intreas'ure, incis'ure, exposure, press'ure, impress'ure, sciss'ure, fissure, commiss'ure, rásure, leisure, clósure, enclosure, disclosure, composure, discomposure, disposure, cen'sure, compress'ure, coun'terpressure, express'ure, ensúre, unsure, assúre.

30. ture, s. tùre, in júdicature, féature, créature, ligʻature, min'iature, abbre'viature, entablature, le"gislature, na'ture, sig'nature, illnature, temperature, lit'erature, curv'ature, manufacture, conjec'ture, lec'ture, ar'chitecture, picture, stric'ture, junc'ture, for feiture, fur'niture, hor'ticulture, adven'ture, pas'ture, mix' ture, matúre, prematúre, immature.

31. re, preceded by a consonant, s. er, in sabre, fibre, om'bre, a'cre, wise'acre, mas'sacre, lúcre, theatre, amphithe'atre, elec'tre, spec'tre, métre, pe'tre, saltpétre, mitre, nítre, centre, scep'tre, lus'tre, accou'tre, livre.-parterre', s. par-tàre.

32. ise, s. ize, in criticise, cir'cumcise, ex'ercise, ex'orcise, mer'chandise, meth'odise, cat'echise, monarchise, eter'nalise, naturalise, disnat uralise, e'qualise, synon omise, com'promise, epit'omise, man'umise, recognise, tyranise, colonise, patronise, glut'tonise, modernise, eter'nise, au'thorise, disau'thorise, tem'porise, contem'porise, en'terprise, up'rise, (n), like'wise, length'wise, nowise, oth'erwise, slaat'wise, demise, premise, surmise, presurmise, despise, rise,

arise, sun'rise, reprise, comprise, surprise, misprise, uprisé (v.), advertise, chastise, advise, devise, revise', disguise, supervise, weath'erwise. (ise s. Iz in) fran'chise, affran'chise, enfran'chise, disfranchise, amortise (ise s. is, in) prom'ise, break'promise, tor'toise, trea'tise, prac'tise, diver'tise, mor'tise. (ise s. Ise in) paradise, impar'adise, precisé, rise* (n.), concisé. (oise s. oyz in) noise, poise, equipoise, counterpoise, overpoise. (aise s aze in) chaise, appraise, dispraise. -chevaux-de-friesé s. shev-ó-dè-frèze.

33. ciate, s. shèåte, in glaciate, congláciate, emaciate, depréciate, offi'ciate, provin'ciate, enun'ciate, annun'ciate, consociate, (v.), associate (v.), dissóciate, crúciate, excrúciate, consóciate (n.), associate (n. or adj.)

34 lute, s. lute, in salúte, elúte, dilúte, pollute, ab'solute, res'olute, irres'olute, dis'solute.

35. ue is silent in league, colleague, intrigue, fatigue, harangue, ped'agogue, dem'agogue, synagogue, di'alogue, cat'alogue, prologue, opaque, antique, bur lesqué, mosque, &c. (ue s. à ín) águe, argue, val'ue, undervalue, overvalue, av'enue, revenue, ret'inue, continue, discontin'ue, stat'ue, virtue, unglúe, (ues. do in) rue, congrue, true, untrue, construe, miscon'strue, iss'ue, tiss'ue.

36. ive, s. Iv, in give, forgive, ol'ive, outlive, evasive, suasive, dissuásive, adhésive, decisive, repul'sive, expan'sive, defen'sive, apprehen'sive, pen'sive, osten'sive, explosive, corrosive, subver'sive, extor'sive, pas'sive, transmis'sive, precur'sive, abúsive, conclusive, amúsive, vindic'ative, communicative, rec'reative, neg'ative, palliative, talk'ative, relative, appel'lative, contem'plative, super'lative, em'ulative, affirm'ative, prepar'ative, demon'strative, disputative, abstrac'tive, disjunc'tive, defin'itive, inquisitive, incep'tive, distrib'utive, dimin utive, &c. (ive s. Ive in) five, hive, bee hive, live (adj.), alive, connive, overdrive, derive, deprive, arrive, contrive, revive, connive, survive.

37 g before n in the same syllable is silent in imprégn, campaign, champaign, arráign, condign, sovereign, foreign, malign, benign, subsign, design, re sign, en'sign, consign, countersign, assign, impúgn, propugn, oppúgn, expúgn.

38. ing, s. ing, in amazing, dy'ing, say'ing, knowing, deserv'ing, last'ing, writing, blessing, hearing, mourning, morn'ing, opening, alarm'ing, changeling, lord'ling, breathing, accord'ing, understanding, building, bid'ding, trading, réading, pleading, leading, facing, piercing, &c.

39. inging, s. ingin, in cling'ing, fling'ing, ring'ing, spring'ing, string'ing, wring'ing, singing, sting'ing, wing'ing, swing'ing, sling'ing, bringing.

40. ong, s. ông, in thong, dip′thong, triphthong, along, oblong, head’long, end long, belong', side'long, erelong, live'long, prolong', o'verlong, furʼlong, head'strong, e'vensong. (ong s. ang in) among', amongst'.

41. ough, s. d, in furlough, bor'ough, thorough, although', (ough s. ow) bough, plough, slough, a deep mire; (ough 8. ôf in) cough, hooping-cough', chin'cough, clough, an allowance in weight; trough. (ough s. af in) enough', rough, tough-ough s. 33 in through-ough s. up in hic'cough.

42. th, 9. th, in death, heath, breath, wreath (n.) path, breadth, ze"nith, herewith', therewith', wherewith', forthwith', forsooth', betroth', az'imuth, &c. (th s. TH in) sheath (v.) unsheath', beneath', underneath', with, smooth, sooth (v.) mouth (v.)

43. cial s. shal in special, judicial, beneficial, official, artifi"cial, super. "cial, provincial, sócial, commercial, fidúcial, &c.

44. tial, s. shål, in ini"tial, solsti'tial, substanʼtial, circumstanʼtial, creden'tial, den'tial, prudential, pestilen'tial, reveren'tial, essen'tial, peniten'tial, poten'tial, nuptial, martial, partial, impartial, &c. (tial, preceded by s, sounds tshèa in) bestial, celestial, subceles'tial, superceles'tial.

45. ful, s. fål, in dread'ful, need'ful, hand'ful, peace'ful, graceful, changeful, venge'ful, revenge'ful, guileful, túneful, hópeful, careful, grateful, spiteful, wasteful, wish'ful, faithful, slóthful, plen'tiful, boun'tiful, thank'ful, mournful, won'derful, delight'ful, &c.

*Those words are pronounced according to Walker.

46. form, s. form, in form, deform', reform', efform', triform, len'tiform, multiform, inform', misinform', conform', perform', transform', platform', uniform'. 47. en, s. n, in deaf'en,* beech'en, fresh'en, length'en, weaken, drunk'en, spóken, token, stolen, swollen, chéapen, ripen, open, hap'pen, loos'en, beaten, lighten, brighten, heart'en, fat'ten, writ'ten, heav'en, sev'en, woven, flax'en, brazen, coz'en, doz'en, miz'zen, &c. (en s. en in monosyllables) as glen, ten, wen; and in such words as twig'gen, kitch'en, hy'phen, álien, woollen, ámen', specimen, lin'en, as'pen, breth'ren, siren, mar'ten, &c.-of'ten and sof'ten s. ofn and sofn. 48. sten, s. s n, in hásten, fas'ten, unfas'ten, chásten, lis'ten, glis'ten, mois'ten, chris'ten.

49. ain accented, or in a monosyllable, s. àne, in ordáin, disdáin, regảin, encháin, complain, explain, domáin, refrain, restráin, contáin, abstáin, chil'blain, por'celain, (ain s. en in) again', against'.

50. ain, unaccented, s. in-in villain, chap'lain, chamberlain, murʼrain, chief'tain, plan'tain, foun'tain, moun'tain, cap'tain, cer'tain, uncer'tain, cur'tain, 51. ion, preceded by lor n, accented, s. yan, in battalion, vermil'ion, pavilion, medallion, rebellion, bil'lion, mil'lion, postil'ion, &c. companʼion, min'ion, domin'ion, opin'ion, on'ion, &c.

52. sion, preceded by a, e, i, o, or u, s. zhản in occasion, evasion, invásion, persuasion, dissuasion, &c adhésion, inhésion, cohésion; decision, precision, incision, collision, division, provision, &c. displosion, explosion, corrosion; fusion, diffusion, infusion, confusion, conclusion, exclusion, allusion, intrúsion, contúsion, &c.

53. sion, preceded by any of the consonants, s. shon, in impulsion, compul'sion, expan'sion, comprehen'sion, dimen'sion, mer'sion, aver'sion, incur'sion, pass'ion, process'ion, possess'ion, miss'ion, percuss'ion, dismiss'ion,t &c.

54. ssion, s. shun, in pas'sion, compas'sion, ces'sion, conces'sion, profes'sion, egres'sion, pres'sion, session, posses'sion, mission, remis'sion, manumis'sion, concus'sion, discus'sion, &c.

55. tion, s. shůn, in constitútion, solution, elocution, caútion, pórtion, op'tion, perception, attention, contrition, addition, conjunction, collection, elevation, lamentation, vacation, probation, libátion, &c.

56. tion, preceded by s, or x, s. tshan, in ambus'tion, combus'tion, ques'tion, congestion, diges'tion, sugges'tion, bas'tion, &c. mix'tion, admix' tion, commix'tion, permix'tion.

57. xion, s. shân, in flex'ion, complex'ion, annex'ion, connex'ion, prefix' ion, affix'ion, crucifix'ion, commix'ion, flux'ion.

58. son, s. zn, in reason, treason, séason, ven'ison, poison, empoison, coun'terpoison, pris'on, impris'on, dam'son, crim'son. (son, s. zản, in) diapason. (son, s. sun, in) son, grand'son, god'son, unison, comparison. (son, s. sn, in) máson, garʼrison, par'son, per'son, les'son.

59. own, s. own, in down, adown', upside-down', renown', imbrown', nut'brown. (own, s. on, in) own, shown, blown, flown, high'flown, known, unknówn, disówn, unsówn.

60. ear, s. ère, in ear, endear', rehéar, overhear', besméar, appear, disappéar, upréar, arréar, leap'year. (ear, s. are, in) bear, bugbear, upbear, underbear, overbear, forbear, pear, tear, (v.) tear (n. a rent), wear, swear, unswear, forswear, outswear. (ear, s. èår, in) lin'ear, rectilin'ear, curvilin'ear.

61. er, s. år, in am'ber, chamber, octóber, cum'ber, officer, offend'er, pretend'er, fin'ger, lin'ger, lexicog'rapher, geog'rapher, orthog'rapher, biog'rapher, historiographer, cosmog'rapher, controller, glim'mer, sum'mer, mariner, móurner, usurp'er, con'jurer, con'quer, consid'er, diam'eter, pentameter, hex

*When a vowel is not sounded in the verb, it is silent also in the participles derived from it.

Though in some of the preceding and succeeding paragraphs it is impossible to point out the particular accented letter, yet by means of the mark, the syllable, or sound, on which the accent rests, will not readily be mistaken.

B