able stench of corpses. At Ahmedabad the death-rate in the poorhouse was 10 per cent. Every day I saw new patients placed face to face with corpses. In every fourth cot there was a corpse.

The thermometer registered 115 degrees in the shade. Millions of flies hovered around the uncleansed dysentery patients.

I visited the smallpox and cholera wards at Viragam. All the patients were lying on the ground, there being no cots. Otherwise their condition was fair.

I can fully verify the reports that vultures, dogs, and jacks are devouring the dead. Dogs have been seen running about with children's limbs in their jaws.

SENATOR: I have observed a great demand for silver. The India famine has created a market.

PRESIDENT: Silver is in great demand just now in the far East, India and China importing large quantities. The relief given by the Indian Government to the 4,000,000 persons suffering from famine seems to have called for the coinage of silver, which has been purchased in Europe. The silver shipped from London to the British East Indies in January and February aggregated $4,960,390, an increase of 51.4 per cent. over the like period of 1899. To China the exports were $961,995, an increase of 63.7 per cent. The large Eastern demand steadies the price of silver. Some 12,000,000 fine ounces of silver have gone out, the United States supplying 80 per cent. of the amount. In addition to the London shipments China took during the two months $1,458,482 in silver direct from San Francisco, making the total sent to the East about 14,455,000 fine ounces of silver.

SENATOR: If the end of government be to institute and protect people's property, what an argument to enlightened patriotism do the workings of the Gold Standard afford! No intelligent American would willingly sacrifice one single life for any political organization on earth.

PRESIDENT: Yes, but good and stable government is simply or nearly impossible, unless the fundamentals of political science be known by the bulk of the people. Their study of the Gold Standard is leading the people from darkness to light. They begin to see Justice is equivalent to general utility.

SENATOR: The difficulty is the Power-holding Class is misled by their interests, which conflict with those of the common weal. The Bullionist Press is struggling to state the political opinions and steer the political conduct of the less profoundly informed, though instructed and rational, multitude of voters.

PRESIDENT: The Nebraskan outranks the ablest and most zealous of the supporters of the Monarchical Gold Standard. His integrity is not less remarkable than the gigantic strength of his understanding.

SENATOR: To those who have really read, though in a cursory manner, the elaborately misleading economic compositions of gold-standard professors, their conception of their subject is utterly laughable.

PRESIDENT: The lucid, easy style of the Nebraskan, his weight of reasoning, an aptness and pungency of expression, and the absence of sophistical quibblings have made him the greatest popular educator America has ever produced.

Whatever may be the standards, codes, policies, ideals, tastes, faults, and creeds of nations, in failing to recognize the equality of man government is a failure. In the realm of reason all men walk as equals, and the mirage of inequality will vanish as the sun of reason prevails. This doctrine is bound up in the adamantine unchangeableness of our Constitution. Those overshadowing monopolies of Taxation, High Tariff, Funded Debt, National Bank, the Gold Standard, Trust, and the Currency Bill must shortly overturn the Constitution de facto and de jure.

SENATOR: This is the crudest and most desolating expression of political pessimism.

PRESIDENT: But it is with human things as it is with the great icebergs which drift southward out of the frozen seas. They swim two-thirds under water and one-third above; and so long as the equilibrium is sustained you would think that they were as stable as the rocks. But the sea water is warmer than the air. Hundreds of fathoms down the tepid current washes the base of the berg. Silently in those far deeps the center of gravity is changed; and then in a moment, with one vast roll, the enormous mass heaves over, and the crystal peaks which had been glancing so proudly in the sunlight are buried in the ocean forever.

The distinctive policies of Taxation Jobbery are shown by statistics to be mammoth robbery.

SENATOR: Yes, the Nebraskan has taught the people that we are but the satraps of the money powers and the servile tool of the International Gold Trust.

PRESIDENT: This gangrene which has suppurated the world begins to touch America. Taxation is a history of blood and tears, of helpless blundering and of wild revolt, of anarchism, communism, socialism.

When people see a hundred and fifty gold-standard monopolists in England and ten or a dozen persons in Scotland owning half the ground, they ask (not wholly without right or reason), May not the American Monopolists of Taxation by Bonded Debt, High Tariff, National Bank, the Gold Standard, the Currency Bill, and a standing army (ostensibly for Imperial expansion) establish the same monstrous and glaring abuses in America?

SENATOR: Luxury is becoming the god whom we all worship, and American civilization's ripest fruit is the oligarchical tyranny of Taxation.

PRESIDENT: Let us return to the record; what is the issue? The single, certain material issue summarized is between constitutional liberty (the doctrine of the equality of man before the state) and political serfdom.

SENATOR: Then the ultimate question between the Gold Standard of the Power-holding Class of the earth and the people, in the graphic language of Carlyle, is:

"Can I kill thee, or canst thou kill me?"

PRESIDENT: I will reply, with Montesquieu: “Whatever may be the cost of this, our glorious liberty, we must pay it to Heaven.”

SENATOR: Invested now with signs of nobleness like stars, what friends of liberty dare impeach Trust? What statesmen, what eminent lawyers will tear and cancel the great bond which keeps the people pale?

PRESIDENT: The Power-holding Class have placed upon their head a fruitless crown; Trust has put a barren scepter in their grip, thence to be wrenched by an unlineal hand, no son of his succeeding. That eternal Jewel, the Constitution, has not been given to the common enemy of mankind.

SENATOR: Do you think, with Mr. Carnegie, that this overpowering, irresistible tendency toward aggregation of capital and increase of size in every branch of product cannot be arrested or even greatly impeded, and that, instead of attempting to restrict either, we shall hail every increase as something gained, not for the few rich, but for the millions of poor, seeing that the law is salutary, working for good and not for evil? Every enlargement is an improvement, step by step, upon what has preceded. It makes for higher civilization, for the enrichment of human life; not for one, but for all classes of men. It tends to bring to the laborer's cottage the luxuries hitherto enjoyed only

by the rich, to remove from the most squalid homes much of their squalor, and to foster the growth of human happiness relatively more in the workman's home than in the ' millionaire's palace. It does not tend to make the rich poorer, but it does tend to make the poor richer in the possession of better things, and greatly lessens the wide and deplorable gulf between the rich and the poor. Superficial politicians may for a time deceive the uninformed, but more and more will all this be clearly seen by those who now are led to regard aggregations as injurious.

PRESIDENT: An ever modest wisdom plucks me from incredulous haste in accepting theses of Trust magnates, themselves the incarnation of fat dividends.

Mr. Carnegie says the masses of the people, the toiling millions, are soon to find in this great law of aggregation of capital and of factories another of those beneficent agencies which in their separation tend to bring to the homes of the poor, in greater degree than ever, more and more of the luxuries of the rich and into their lives more of sweetness and light. That prophecy is not to be fulfilled through the flattering unction which multi-millionaires lay to their souls, but rather by the sudden enlightenment of the people, guided by a higher intelligence than ours. If the majesty of the Constitution stands unshaken, the Empire of Trust will survive only as did papacy and feudalism in the Dark Ages.

Separation from the mother country was not the aim of our invention until within a short time prior to the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. "No such thing as independence," said Washington, October, 1774, "is desired by any thinking man in America."

"I never heard a whisper," said Jefferson, April, 1775, "of a disposition to separate from Great Britain."

Said Witherspoon, as late as June, 1775, "It gives