the Legislature and Executive its collective wisdom and united Will.

There can be no true Democracy without an educated People: no complete nation that is not also a Democracy: here is at least something like finality in politics, for here are completeness of power and universality of right. Such nations and Democracies can alone enter as Units into still vaster Federal Unities.

Thus the making of a nation that is also a Democracy and a Confederation, involves the existence of a completer, a stronger, a sounder, a more comprehensive, and a loftier Unity, than has hitherto been known.

All nationality is a LIVING ORGANISM, and will give all that it hath for its life; but this organism is strong in proportion to its vast area and inexhaustible resources, to the complexity of its interrelations and civilization, and to the perfection, simplicity, and universality, of the principle of political Equality and individual preparedness on which it is based.

Democracy requires great things, and it achieves great things, but the world's future is with it. That Federated Democratic Empire has before it a mighty mission, to react upon the world, "and lead its isolated and fragmentary nationalities into a higher unity," involving order, equality, and economy of power,-Freedom, organization, and the lightening of burdens everywhere.

The material, political, and moral elements of America are now completing. Her material resources are unequalled. Her political power comes of an unrivalled material, political and religious freedom, and as she has provel, there is in the whole world no concentration of will so intense, all pervading, and terrible, as that of a Democracy.

The moral elements represent permanence and stability. The contest America has waged for national Life, was also a contest for Morality and Principle.

That making also meant the ascendency of the nationality over its two deadly foes, materialism and oligarchy. It meant the definitive victory of national Unity not only over law-made classes (the vice of the old world), but over sectional and sinister interests supported by "State" power.

It is the NEXT STEP in the world-logic of History, to the English and French Revolutions, which settled on the carcases of Kings, the principle of the right divine of Peoples.

The Royal Nation is at last definitively constituted. The People sit at last in their own Purple, --with no equal yet in the world, and with no master save their conscience, their reason, and their God. Here then is the platform for a new and indefinite advance in political science and combinations, and in social and Individual well-being.

England halts for want of mature elements of Equality. America stopped because the two ex

tremes of politics were both represented in her body politic, and one had got to be destroyed before the nation could advance. The majority in power and value were prepared for self-government. A Section would continue to rule over others, and meanwhile, keep those others in a state in which they could be ruled. Between them was essential war, and from the highest point of view, the nation, before it could proceed, simply had got to destroy the speciality of the section. It did its duty and destroyed it. Broadly speaking, for the nation self-government was a fact, but for the section Slavery was also a fact, and one of the two must destroy the other.

Nor was it a local question only. It was a question whether Humanity could advance from Christianity to the first self Governed Nation in eighteen hundred years, or whether it must pass through some vast cycle of blood, ruin and reaction, of which those eighteen hundred years may have been but a fraction.

America has done in four years a work of giants and of ages. Rather, perhaps, all nations and all time had prepared that nation for victory, as she in turn has prepared Victory for all the world and all the Future.

The work before her now is twofold. To complete the destruction of Oligarchy, and the reconciliation of Democracy with Centralisation. Each is but a part of the world involving question of the organisation of Democracy, or the reconciliation

of Freedom with order. Obviously the only way to solve this problem is to give to every individual the means of learning to combine the two in himself. The freedom and the fitness for Freedom must be as universal as the concentration of power is intense.

This can only be achieved by a nation fit to receive and determined to possess political Equality.

The main object of this work is therefore to trace the Historical Development of that PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY in Education, in religion, and in politics, entrusted by God to the care and final vindication of the American nation.

Hitherto the world has assumed some inherent antagonism between Freedom and Centralisation. A true Democracy has at last established itself, that not only develops an intenser Centralisation than Despotism ever boasted, but that develops, and also vindicates it, by a completer Freedom than ever before could be permitted.

Freedom had before been shown to be compatible with order. History now goes a step further, and proves that Democratic Equality is the postulate and complement of organised power, that Republican Equality by affirming individual Freedom, consolidates national Unity, and that Federal Republicanism solves the problem of the safe and unlimited increase of an Empire.

But that this principle of Equality,-the last and most important element, nay, the very essence

and soul of Democracy, has been tested by a desperate contest, and an irrevocable victory, the world need not have concerned itself much about the mere "Making of the American nation," and its settlement as the mightiest conglomerate of empire History has known.

It is precisely because it is not a mere question of territorial expansion, but rather a settlement by court of ultimate appeal of the final question in politics, a question affecting all systems and Peoples, the question whether Individuality must for ever give way to Unity, whether Freedom and order can or cannot be reconciled, whether the full Development of the man consists, or is incompatible with the perfectest organisation of the State.

Hitherto Government has always been a compromise (and after some infinitesimal sort-must always be a compromise) between Necessity and Right, between Force and Consent, between Progress and Disease.

The essence of Government is order. Order must reign by force or by consent. If force is used against Right the Government is destroyed. If consent is not yielded to the Right the People perishes. Force is cheap and can be used by the Few; ("anyone," said Cavour, "can govern by martial law.") Consent to bad Government is consent to ruin. Good Government can come only of general Intellectual and moral Development.

Where the Government of the all is good Govern