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it stands, could not be had elsewhere for less than two hundred thousand dollars.

2. The libraries, chemical, philosophical, and astronomical apparatus, with mineralogical and geological cabinets, are estimated to be worth not less than one hundred thousand dollars.

3. The University has a permanent endowment of one hundred and thirty thousand dollars, which properly invested and managed ought to yield, for educational purposes, at least thirteen thousand dollars per annum.

4. There is connected with the University a corps of professors, all scientific men, provided for at great cost, partly out of the funds of the institution, who can teach five hundred pupils with just as much facility and success as they can teach one hundred.

5. Columbia, the seat of the University, is nine miles from the Missouri River, and twenty miles from the North Missouri Railroad, and in a year or two will have finished a branch connecting with that railroad. It is situated in one of the most healthy and fertile agricultural districts in the State, and in the midst of an enterprising and intelligent population.

6. In addition to the foregoing powerful considerations, I may add that it is proposed to furnish the required quantity of land for the purpose of the Agricultural College, and to the University, without any appeal whatever to the State.

If the Agricultural College were located to-day in connection with the University, it could be put into successful operation next week. Now, I may well ask, what other point presents any such advantages as those which I have stated above? Located elsewhere, how long will it take to prepare the necessary buildings? Who is to furnish a suitable farm? Is the General Assembly prepared to add to the already heavy taxes of the people a sum to purchase these, when the State has them already provided? Where, is the money to come from to purchase the necessary and extensive libraries, such as the University now has? How are the chemical, philosophical, astronomical, botanical, mineralogical, geological departments of the Agricultural College to be supplied, unless it be connected with the State University? Let it be remembered that all these are absolutely essential to the success and proper endowment of the Agricultural College. Chemistry, botany, philosophy, mineralogy, geology are sciences all of which are intimately connected with agriculture, and wherever this institution. is located all these must be provided in connection with it; and the question again recurs, where are the funds to come from to purchase all of them? The State University has already, as I have stated above, a wellorganized corps of teachers. It is not contemplated that the young men who will seek instruction in the Agricultural College are to become theoretical or practical farmers only. In a country like ours, where agriculture

is the prevailing pursuit of a majority of the people, and lies indeed at the very foundation of all our prosperity, it is, in my view, a matter of the very first importance that all this large and controlling class of men should be thoroughly educated, and in providing a department for their especial benefit we should be careful to add to it all the needful appliances for thorough education as well as for moral, intellectual, and physical training; and, I repeat, all these are now well provided in the University of the State. In short, the State has now an investment in lands, in buildings, in books, in apparatus, in cabinets, in endowment, and an offer is made to add to all these a suitable farm, the whole amounting in actual cost to between three hundred thousand and four hundred thousand dollars, all of which may be turned to the very best advantage in promoting the immediate and permanent success of the Agricultural College. Where else are such controlling and powerful inducements to be found? Other localities may provide funds sufficient, one to erect the necessary buildings, another to purchase the farm; but what county will give two hundred thousand dollars, much less four hundred thousand dollars, a sum that the State has already invested, and that will be the solid foundation on which this Agricultural College will rest securely forever? No doubt there are many suitable localities in the State, and different counties would be pleased to obtain the institution. But as all cannot get it, the only question to be settled is, how best can we preserve the fund for the benefit of the people of the whole State, and what plan presents the largest number of advantages for the location? And the answer to this question will, I think, be found in what I have urged above. If Missouri were likely to derive a very large fund from this Congressional grant, like Ohio or New York, we might think of attempting to build up a distinct Agricultural College. Even then, however, it would not be sound policy for us to do so. As it is, our funds are entirely inadequate for any such purpose. We had better, therefore, imitate the example of Connecticut, Kentucky, Rhode Island, and other States, by locating the Agricultural College in connection with a State institution, already well provided for, and in successful operation. Nothing is asked on the score of mere favoritism. In deciding a question of this sort no one has a right to make any such appeal, but we should so act as to secure the best location, and build up an institution that shall be the pride and glory of the State, and that will continue in all future time to dispense its blessings amongst the people of the great valley in which our destiny is cast. I might add that the location of the Agricultural College in connection with the State University would operate to build up simultaneously this great educational interest, and discharge a debt the State owes it; and with especial justice in view of the fact that for its entire endowment, and its advantages above enumerated, the people are indebted exclusively to the

general Government and to the citizens of Boone County. What, then, is the objection to connecting the Agricultural College with the State University? Is there any well-founded one? And are not the arguments in its favor unanswerable?

We sometimes hear it said that the people of Boone County are disloyal! Such an accusation may reach the prejudices of some, but it is no argument addressed to the judgment of sensible men. As in every other county in the State, it is true that there were to be found disloyal persons amongst us, but in this connection the fact should always be stated that the County of Boone furnished 1200 brave soldiers to the Federal army! Whatever may have been the political status of this people in years gone by, we think we may safely say that now none are more anxious to uphold the laws and to maintain the just authority of the Federal Government. But, in my view, the ever-changing political sentiment of a county is no criterion for fixing the location of an institution like this. The people may be Conservative to-day, Radical to-morrow. Twenty years ago I well remember, when I had the honor of accepting a seat in the Senate of the State, a man whose views were narrow, and who has since met a sad fate, in order to defeat some liberal provision of law for the State University charged upon the people of this vicinity that they entertained "free-soil sentiments." By the same individual a similar charge was hurled against the present distinguished head of the University, and hence it was inferred that the institution was not entitled to the fostering care of the State. But we find that same gentleman still at the helm; he has weathered the storm in all the vicissitudes of party and of our country. True to his calling, he has borne aloft and elevated the standard of popular education in Missouri, and, Radical though he is in his political sentiments, no greater benefit can accrue to the State than that he be allowed to aid in shaping the character and destiny of the infant institution whose foundation you are now preparing to lay.

The Governor of the State, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Curators of the University, whose memorial now lies upon your desk, all disinterested umpires, argue the necessity and propriety of uniting the Agricultural College with the State University. Prompted only by a desire to serve the cause of education in the State, and asking pardon for this long communication, I remain, with high regard, your friend and obedient servant, JAMES S. ROllins.

VINDICATION OF THE LOYALTY OF THE PEOPLE OF BOONE COUNTY.

Extract from the speech of the Hon. James S. Rollins delivered in the Missouri House of Representatives March 9, 1867, on the Bill making an appropriation for the benefit of the State University.*

IN urging the passage of this Bill I have met with but one solitary objection-but one! It is said that the "people of Boone County are disloyal"! Mr. Speaker, I should be unworthy of a seat on this floor if I failed to do justice in a manly way to those who sent me here. I would not give the snap of my finger for a Representative who would not, according to the truth, vindicate his constituents when unfairly assailed. This I will do, but in their defense I need not go beyond the truth. Sir, shall we tear down this Capitol and remove it from this place because traitors have met around this board? Sir, Boone County furnished none of the leaders of this illfated rebellion. They came from Chariton, from Saline, from Cole, from St. Louis, from Buchanan, from Jasper, from Knox, from Lewis- counties all claiming to be supremely Radical now. It was your leaders, men of age and experience, and high social and political position, who seduced from the paths of loyalty and patriotism the honest and unsophisticated boys of my county. The guilt attaches to the leaders and to the counties that furnished them, far more than to those who were led astray.

But will gentlemen attempt to punish every county, many of whose people took the Southern side in this rebellion ? If so, then every county in the State will receive a rebuke at your hands, for there was not one that did not furnish soldiers to the Southern army. This all of you know to be true. Why then will you select Boone, this old mother of counties, and make an example of her because some of her people were led astray ? Will you discriminate in your legislation against St. Louis County because some of her disloyal people have recently extended to Sterling Price a warm and

*This bill was introduced by Mr. Rollins, and appropriated $10,000 for rebuilding the President's house, which had been burnt down, and also 1 per cent. of the State revenues, after deducting 25 per cent. for Common School purposes, for the support of the State University. The Bill became a law March 11, 1867,

and under it the University receives annually from $14,000 to $16,000. We may say that without the means derived from this law the University might have suspended operations, and that its permanent growth was made secure by the passage of it.

cordial welcome on his return to the State? Sir, for one I would not. On the contrary, I would extend the sails of her commerce upon the bosom of the broad river that sweeps by the great city; I would build up her noble charities, her institutions of learning, her manufactures, her capital and her labor, and make her what she is destined to be, the great inland city of the American continent; but in doing this I would allow those who had been untrue to their country to take back seats, as I desire they should do in every town and county in this State. Sir, the argument against the passage of this Bill is not worth much. True, there were men who were disloyal in Boone, but, to her credit be it spoken, she is not represented by such on this floor. If they had followed my advice they would have traveled in an opposite direction, and to-day many of them repent that they did not heed the warnings of their humble friend! But, Mr. Speaker, let us have the whole history. Let us have the good along with the bad. Let us hold the scales of justice even and see which side will preponderate. This is honorable, this is fair. There are some traditions connected with Boone County. She is an old county here in the center of the State, organized before many of you were born. She is named after that daring old pioneer Daniel Boone, whom my venerable friend to my right, Judge Ryland, knew so well, and whose ashes still sleep beneath the sod of Missouri, and who more than a half-century ago opened the way to this bright and beautiful land that we might enjoy its blessings.

Mr. Speaker, Boone County has not always been disloyal! I have a word to say to my friends from the Southwest. When I was a youth, about the year 1829, I remember that the Indian savages were pressing heavily upon the sparse settlements of the southwest border, and a call was made by the Governor for troops to drive them back. Who gave their services then to protect the infant settlements of the present counties of Bates, of Vernon, of Jasper, of Lawrence, and the whole Southwest ? Sir, I speak it with pride, they were the chivalrous, patriotic, and hardy sons of Boone County who interposed their shields, turned back the savage warriors, and protected the mothers and daughters of the Southwest from the Indian tomahawk and scalping knife. Gentlemen, you have now a glorious opportunity to illustrate your magnanimity and to cancel a debt of gratitude, the payment of which has been so long deferred.

I have a word also to say to the Northeast in this connection. Early in the history of our State, in the year 1832, when that bold and bloody-minded champion, the renowned Indian chief Black Hawk, was organizing his various tribes for warlike forays from the lakes across the waste of Iowa, then almost tenantless, to the Missouri River, and was making ready to come down with all his strength and violence upon the feeble settlements of Clarke, Scotland, Schuyler, Putnam, Mercer, and other counties, and even westward across the Chariton and Grand Rivers, our old and patriotic.

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