States. The flowers, in common with those of the family, are conspicuous and showy, with bright purple petals, and the meadows are unusually gay when sprinkled with patches of this plant, entitling it to its common name of meadow beauty. DEER LODGE, a N. W. county of Montana territory, bounded N. by British America; area, 15,300 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 4,367, of whom 776 were Chinese. It is watered by tributaries of the Missouri and Columbia rivers. There are grazing and agricultural lands on both sides of the Rocky mountains, which intersect it from S. E. to N. W. It contains the richest mining territory of Montana, and produces more gold than any other county. The Northern Pacific railroad is to cross it. The chief productions in 1870 were 11,510 bushels of oats, 4,960 of barley, 7,200 of potatoes, 3,575 tons of hay, and 36,685 lbs. of butter. There were 952 horses, 2,252 milch cows, and 3,749 other cattle; 6 quartz-crushing mills, and 6 saw mills. Capital, Deer Lodge. years. Her latter years were marked by peevishness, and she died unhappy after unavailing efforts toward the life of a devotee. Her correspondence was first published in 1802. A new edition appeared-in 1859, and two in 1864. DEFIANCE, a N. W. county of Ohio, bordering on Indiana; area, 414 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 15,719. The St. Joseph's and Maumee are the principal rivers. The surface is level, the soil good, and timber is abundant. The Miami canal and the Toledo, Wabash, and Western railroad traverse it. The chief productions in 1870 were 246,393 bushels of wheat, 146,810 of Indian corn, 128,111 of oats, 70,825 of potatoes, 17,971 tons of hay, 366,211 lbs. of butter, | 72,215 of wool, and 20,600 of tobacco. There were 5,025 horses, 4,933 milch cows, 6,052 other cattle, 24,271 sheep, and 10,676 swine; 5 grist mills, 10 saw mills, 3 manufactories of furniture, 2 of wagon material, 2 of iron and castings, 1 of machinery, 1 of oars, 1 of woollen goods, 6 tanneries, and 6 currying establishments. Capital, Defiance. DEFOE, Daniel, an English novelist and political writer, born in London in 1661, died there, April 24, 1731. He was the son of a butcher of the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate, and was admitted by right of birth to the freedom of the city in 1688, under the name of Daniel Foe, but afterward assumed that of Defoe. He was educated in a dissenting academy at Newington Green, near London, and in 1680 was nominated a Presbyterian minister, but never followed that vocation. He pub DEFEASANCE, Deed of, an instrument which defeats the force or operation of some other deed or of some estate. The event which is to defeat a conveyance or other deed may either be specified therein, in which case it is called a condition, or it may be declared by a separate defeasance; as in the case of a mortgage, where one deed may convey the land and also declare that the conveyance shall be defeated on payment of the money secured, or the conveyance may be by ordinary deed, and a separate defeasance given back by the gran-lished in 1682 a pamphlet entitled "Speculum tee. Where the defeasance is thus separate, the rules of execution, acknowledgment, and recording are the same as with other deeds. DEFFAND, or Deffant, Marie (DE VICHY-CHAMROND), marquise du, an accomplished French woman, born at the château of Chamrond in 1697, died in Paris, Sept. 24, 1780. She was of noble birth, and was educated at a convent; but at the age of 16 she adopted skeptical opinions on religious subjects. At 20 she was married to the marquis du Deffand, from whom her indiscretions soon caused her to be separated; after which she pursued a career of fashionable dissipation, and for many years was one of the most brilliant ornaments of the court of the regent and of Louis XV. Although incapable, from a natural selfishness and want of sympathy, of entertaining the passion of love, she knew how to inspire it in others; and over the greater part of her numerous lovers, among whom, it is said, was the regent himself, her influence remained unimpaired until their dotage. She was courted by the most eminent men of the time; and when, in her 55th year, she became blind, her saloons in the convent of St. Joseph were the favorite resort of Montesquieu, Voltaire, President Hénault, D'Alembert, David Hume, and many others. At this period she became acquainted with Horace Walpole, between whom and herself a correspondence was carried on for many Crape-Gownorum, or a Looking-Glass for the Young Academics," a lampoon on prevalent high-church notions. In 1683, when the Ottomans advanced into Austria, he issued his "Treatise against the Turks," combating the general sentiment in favor of the latter, and arguing that it was "better that the popish house of Austria should ruin the Protestants in Hungary, than that the infidel house of Ottoman should ruin both Protestants and Papists." In 1685 he enlisted, under the duke of Monmouth, in the rebellion_against James II., and afterward went to London, where he became a hose factor. In 1687 he published a tract assailing the proclamation of King James for the repeal of the penal laws. He hailed the revolution of 1688 as the salvation of Protestantism, and was one of the volunteers who escorted William and Mary from Whitehall to the mansion house, Oct. 29, 1689. In 1692 he was declared bankrupt and was obliged to abscond, but compounded with his creditors, they accepting his personal bonds, which he punctually paid. Subsequently he discharged his full liabilities to such of his creditors as had themselves fallen into distress. In 1695 he was appointed accountant to the commissioners of the glass duties, in which service he continued till the suppression of the tax in 1699. He published in 1697 an "Essay on Projects," which proposed the establish ment of a society for making a general ref- Wherever God erects a house of prayer, 66 | passive obedience and divine right; and also several treatises relating to the union with Scotland, which he was efficient in promoting, coup-being sent by the cabinet of Queen Anne on an important mission to Edinburgh; in 1709, a "History of the Union," which is the most authentic on the subject; and from 1711 to 1713, a series of pamphlets against the insinuations of the Jacobites and the schemes of the pretender. The most notable of these were "What if the Queen should die?" and "What if the Pretender should come?" The irony of the titles was misapprehended, and he was again fined and for four months committed to Newgate in 1713, where he finished his "Review." After the death of the queen his enemies so assailed him from every quarter, that in 1715 he published a general defence of his conduct under the title of "An Appeal to Honor and Justice." He had not finished this when he was struck with apoplexy, and after languishing for six weeks recovered. He now determined to abandon political satire, and write works for the promotion of religion and virtue. Such were his "Family Instructor" (1715) and "Religious Courtship" (1722). In 1719 appeared The Life and strange surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner, who lived eight and twenty years all alone in an uninhabited island on the coast of America, near the mouth of the great river Orinoco," the most popular of all his works. The publisher, who purchased the MS. after all others had refused it, is said to have cleared £1,000 by it. He was accused by his enemies, who were numerous and bitter, of having stolen the idea and even the materials of " Robinson Crusoe" from the narrative of Alexander Selkirk; but the charge was wholly without foundation. Selkirk was not wrecked at all, but voluntarily went ashore on Juan Fernandez, which at that time was as well known and more frequented by ships than now. Crusoe's island, as the title of his narrative states, was in the northern hemisphere, in the Caribbean sea, near the mouth of the Orinoco; and the most probable prototype of Defoe's hero was Peter Serrano, who in the 16th century was shipwrecked and lived alone for several years on an island in the Caribbean sea near the mouth of the Orinoco. His story is told at full length in Garcilaso's "History of Peru," a translation of which was published in London 20 years before "Robinson Crusoe was written, and could hardly have escaped Defoe's notice, as the book attracted great attention, and Serrano's story is in the first chapter. After "Robinson Crusoe" his best known work is "The Fortunes and Misfortunes of Moll Flanders, written from her own Memorandums " (1721), the history of a woman of the town transported to Virginia. Among his other works are "The Life and Piracies of Captain Singleton" (1720), "The Life of Colonel Jack" and "Journal of the Plague in 1665” (1722), “The Ad It was designed to vindicate King William from the odium which had been thrown upon him in a poem entitled "The Foreigners," had an almost unexampled sale, 80,000 pirated copies being sold on the street, and obtained for the author direct personal intercourse with the king. In 1701, when the bearers of the famous Kentish petition were imprisoned by order of the house of commons, Defoe is said to have been the man who composed and presented a threatening remonstrance, signed Legion," claiming to be sent by 200,000 Englishmen, which produced immense commotion, and for a time deterred several members from attending the house. Two other tracts speedily followed, in one of which he eloquently maintained the original rights of the collective body of the people, and in the other declared the reasons against a war with France. The latter, though adverse to the favorite policy of William, did not excite his displeasure, and he was till his death the patron and friend of Defoe. In 1702 he published "The Shortest Way with Dissenters," a satire in which he assumed the tone of a high churchman, and gravely proposed to establish the church and rid the land of dissenters by hanging their ministers and banishing their people. His satires had already mortified and offended many of the tory leaders, through whose influence his pamphlet was now voted a libel on the house of commons and was ordered to be burned by the common hangman. An order was issued offering £50 reward for his arrest, in which he is described as "a middle-sized, spare man, about 40 years old, of a brown complexion, and dark brown colored hair, but wears a wig; a hooked nose, sharp chin, gray eyes, and a large mole near his mouth." He was at this time owner of some brick and pantile works near Tilbury fort, from which he absconded; but he gave himself up when a prosecution was again begun against his publisher, and was condemned to be fined, pilloried, and imprisoned. During his two years' imprisonment in Newgate he began a semiweekly paper, entitled "The Review," which was continued till 1713. His liberation was due to the solicitation of Harley, afterward earl of Oxford. Though occasionally employed in the service of the queen, and once upon a secret mission in a foreign country, he continued his literary labors, and published in 1705 "The Consolidator, or Memoirs of Sundry Transactions in the Moon," in which he developed a lunar language, and made the lunar politicians discuss the wars of Charles XII. of Sweden; in 1706, the satire De Jure Divino, in which he attacked the doctrines of ventures of Roxana" (1724), "A New Voyage round the World, by a Course never sailed before" (1725), "The Memoirs of a Cavalier," and "The Political History of the Devil." He also wrote important economic and commercial treatises, entitled "The Complete English Tradesman," "An Essay on the Treaty of Commerce with France," A Plan of the English Commerce," and Giving Alms no Charity." The most prominent characteristic of his fictions is the distinctness of reality which he gives to them by the elaborate and precise statement of details; which was turned to practical account in a curious way in his "Apparition of Mrs. Veal," written to create a demand for an unsalable book. (See DRELINCOURT.) The "Memoirs of a Cavalier" and "Journal of the Plague" have been mistaken for real history. After an indefatigable and checkered life, Defoe died in the parish of his birth, insolvent, and the author of 210 books and pamphlets. He thus summed up the scenes of his career: No man has tasted different fortunes more; And thirteen times I have been rich and poor. Though remembered chiefly as a novelist, he was during 30 years a leader in the fierce partisan strife by which, under William of Orange, constitutional liberty was realized in England, and has been pronounced "the most thorough Englishman and writer of his day, a model of integrity, and as consistent, sincere, and brave as he was gifted." The best editions of his works, though incomplete, are that of London (3 vols., 1840-'43), with a memoir by William Hazlitt, and that of Oxford (20 vols., 1840-'41), with memoirs and notes by Sir Walter Scott and others. In September, 1870, a monument was erected to his memory in the cemetery of Bunhill Fields, where he was buried. It bears this inscription: "Daniel De Foe, born 1661, died 1731; author of Robinson Crusoe." His life has been written by George Chalmers (4to, London, 1785) and Walter Wilson (3 vols. 8vo, London, 1830). DE FOREST, John William, an American author, born in Derby, Conn., March 31, 1826. At the age of 20 he made a voyage to the Levant, where he remained nearly two years, residing chiefly in Syria. On his return he compiled a "History of the Indians of Connecticut " (Hartford, 1850). In 1850 he went to Europe, where he remained four years, travelling in England, France, Italy, and Germany. Returning to America, he published "Oriental Acquaintance" (1857), and "European Acquaintance (1858). In 1859 he produced "Seacliff," his first novel, and from that time to the breaking out of the civil war wrote short stories for periodicals. In 1861 he recruited a company for the 12th Connecticut volunteers, was made captain, and served in the field till January, 1865, participating in the campaigns in the southwestern states under Weitzel and Banks, and in the Shenandoah valley under Sheridan. From 1865 to 1868 he held various official positions in the bureau of the veteran reserve corps and the freedman's bureau. Besides essays, stories, and poems, he has published the following novels, all of them appearing first in serial form: "Miss Ravenel's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty" (New York, 1867); "Overland" (1871); "Kate Beaumont" (1872); and "The Wetherel Affair" (1873). He DEGER, Ernst, a German painter, born at Bockenem, Hanover, April 15, 1809. studied at Berlin and afterward at Düsseldorf, under Wilhelm von Schadow. His first efforts were oil pictures, among which are some altarpieces of merit, especially a madonna and child in the church of St. Andrew at Düsseldorf. In 1851 he completed the fresco painting for the church of St. Apollinaris, near Remagen, on the Rhine, and was engaged by Frederick William IV. of Prussia, to paint the chapel of the castle of Stolzenfels. In 1857 he sent for exhibition at the salon of Paris a picture of the infant Jesus, and in 1859 one of the Virgin Mary. He is a professor and member of the academy of fine arts in Munich. DE GERANDO. See GERANDO. DEGREE. I. In algebra, the number expressing the greatest number of times which an unknown quantity enters a term as a factor. Thus the term ay3 is of the second degree with respect to x, of the third with respect to y, but is called a term of the fifth degree. The degree of an equation is that of its highest term. Thus, 4x3+7x2=8, is an equation of the third degree. II. In trigonometry, part of a right angle, indicated by a small circle near the top of the figure; thus, 30° signifies one third of a right angle. Each degree is divided into 60 minutes, each minute into 60 seconds; thus, 31° 12' 15" is read 31 degrees, 12 minutes, 15 seconds. III. A degree of latitude is the distance N. or S. between two places on the same meridian at which plumb lines would make an angle of one degree with each other. Owing to the flattening of the earth toward the poles, this distance increases in length as the observer goes N. or S.; being about 2,740 ft. more at latitude 60° than at the equator. The length of the degree midway between the equator and the poles is about 69% statute miles. Many careful measurements of a degree have been made by various European gov ernments, not only in their own territories, but in South America, India, and Africa. The most northern accurate measurement was in Lapland, the most southern at the Cape of Good Hope; and measurements have also been taken both in India and South America, almost exactly upon the equator. The longest ares measured are those in France by Mechain and Delambre, and that in India by Col. Lambton; the first being over 12°, the second nearly 16°, From a complete discussion of all the observations, Bessel deduces the following results: the diameter of the earth at the equator is 41,847, 192 English feet; the diameter through the poles 41,707,314 English feet; so that the difference of the diameters, divided by the longest diameter, gives us almost exactly the quotient of 1 divided by 300 (3). These results of Bessel may be compared with those of other astronomers, for which see EARTII. They all agree very nearly with each other and with the celestial phenomena that depend upon the ellipticity of the earth. It is remarkable that this, the only way of determining the size of the earth, was invented and put in practice by Eratosthenes, in Egypt, in the 3d century B. C. IV. A degree of longitude is the distance between two places of the same latitude, the difference of whose clocks is exactly four minutes; in other words, the planes of whose meridians make an angle of 1° with each other. The length of a degree of longitude is at the equator 69.16 statute miles; at latitude 20° it is about 65-015 miles; at latitude 30° it is reduced to 59.944, at 40° to 53·053, and at 50° to 44:342. DEHN, Siegfried Wilhelm, a German musician, born in Altona, Feb. 24, 1799, died in Berlin, April 12, 1858. Though Dehn did not publish many works, he was distinguished for his exhaustive knowledge of musical literature and for his attainments as a contrapuntist. He pursued his early studies at Leipsic, Jena, and Heidelberg, and in 1824, having become proficient on the violoncello, studied thorough bass under Klein, and after he became a teacher had many distinguished pupils, among them Glinka, Haupt, Ulrich, and Kullak. In 1842, by the advice of Meyerbeer, he was appointed librarian of the musical department of the royal library. In the same year he became editor of the Cäcilia, and in 1845 was appointed director of the famous Dom choir. He also edited the Peters edition of Bach's instrumental works, and prepared a biography of Orlando di Lasso. DEIOCES. See MEDIA. DÉJAZET, Pauline Virginie, a French actress, born in Paris, Aug. 30, 1798, died there, Dec. 1, 1875. She began her career at the ago of five, in the théâtre des Capucines, and continued on the stage in Paris and the provinces till 1868. In March, 1869, the emperor Napoleon granted her a pension of 2,000 francs. She excelled in the personification of soubrettes and in male attire; and won perhaps her most brilliant laurels in Les premières armes de Richelieu and in Bonaparte à Brienne. What added powerfully to the interest which she created was her manner of singing the songs interspersed in the plays. DEJEAN, Pierre François Marie Auguste, count, a French general and entomologist, born at Amiens, Aug. 10, 1780, died in 1845. He served in the wars in Spain, became general of division in 1813, and distinguished himself at Waterloo, where he acted as aide-de-camp of the emperor. He was one of the most celebrated collectors of coleoptera in modern times. He published a catalogue of his collection (3d ed., Paris, 1837-'8), exhibiting the number of species in each genus, and indicating their localities. He is the author of Histoire générale des coléoptères (7 vols., 1825-'39), and wrote, in concert with Boisduval and Aubé, Iconographie et histoire naturelle des coléoptères d'Europe (5 vols. 8vo, with 264 colored plates, 1829-'40). The DE KALB, the name of six counties in the United States. I. A N. W. county of Georgia, bounded N. by Chattahoochee river; area, 291 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 10,014, of whom 2,662 were colored. It has an elevated and somewhat uneven surface. Stone mountain, in the E. part, is one of the greatest natural curiosities in the state. The soil of the river bottoms is remarkably rich. Iron is found, granite is abundant, and gold has been discovered in small quantities. At Decatur are chalybeate springs. The Atlanta and Richmond air-line and the Georgia railroads traverse it. chief productions in 1870 were 27,685 bushels of wheat, 156, 125 of Indian corn, 14,922 of oats, 10,928 of sweet potatoes, and 1,709 bales of cotton. There were 753 horses, 1,466 milch cows, 2,075 other cattle, 6,702 swine; 2 manufactories of furniture, 1 of paper, 1 of marble and stone work, and 7 saw mills. Capital, Decatur. II. A N. E. county of Alabama, bordering on Georgia, drained by Willis creek, an affluent of Coosa river, and Town creek, of the Tennessee; area, about 720 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 7,126, of whom 470 were colored. A small portion has been recently attached to Etowah county. The valley of Willis creek, about 60 m. long by 5 m. broad, enclosed by Lookout mountain on the S. E. and Sand mountain on the N. W., is fertile and well cultivated. The county is well supplied with water power, and abounds with magnificent scenery. The Alabama and Chattanooga railroad passes through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 36,888 bushels of wheat, 209,994 of Indian corn, 20,488 of sweet potatoes, and 205 bales of cotton. There were 1,363 horses, 2,389 milch cows, 4,681 other cattle, 6,627 sheep, and 13,094 swine. Capital, Lebanon. III. A N. central county of Tennessee; area, about 300 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 11,425, of whom 1,104 were colored. It is watered by a number of streams, and has a diversified surface and a good soil. The chief productions in 1870 were 81,412 bushels of wheat, 486,823 of Indian corn, 32,259 of oats, 124,789 lbs. of butter, 20,480 of wool, and 87,076 of tobacco. There were 2,737 horses, 2,002 milch cows, 3,347 other cattle, 11,473 sheep, and 20,999 swine. There were 3 flour mills. Capital, Smithville. IV. A N. E. county of Indiana, bordering on Ohio, drained by the St. Joseph's and some smaller rivers; area, 346 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 17,167. The surface is undulating, and the soil fertile. The Grand Rapids and Indiana railroad touches the S. W. corner, and the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, and the Fort Wayne, Jackson, and Saginaw railroads traverse it. The chief productions in 1870 | were 348,940 bushels of wheat, 219,566 of Indian corn, 198,945 of oats, 77,899 of potatoes, 20,440 tons of hay, 444,407 lbs. of butter, and 117,802 of wool. There were 5,839 horses, 5,587 milch cows, 6,820 other cattle, 34,984 sheep, and 5,856 swine; 9 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 2 of barrels and casks, 5 of saddlery and harness, 1 flour mill, and 21 saw mills. Capital, Auburn. of Illinois; area, 648 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, V. A N. county 23,265. It has a rolling surface and a fertile soil. Most of the land is occupied by prairies, but there are tracts of valuable timber. It is watered by several streams. The Chicago and Northwestern railroad crosses it, and the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy line intersects the S. E. corner. 1870 were 398,249 bushels of wheat, 1,023,849 The chief productions in of Indian corn, 1,087,074 of oats, 289,447 of barley, 199,478 of potatoes, 68,665 tons of hay, 199,532 lbs. of cheese, 915,804 of butter, 104,974 of wool, and 304,342 of flax. There were 13,044 horses, 14, 619 milch cows, 18,582 other cattle, 24,993 sheep, and 26,795 swine; 4 flour mills, 3 manufactories of agricultural implements, 1 of brooms, 13 of carriages and wagons, 6 of cheese, 1 of dressed flax, and 8 of saddlery and harness. Capital, Syracuse. W. county of Missouri, drained by several VI. A N. small streams which flow into Grand and Platte rivers; area, 441 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 9,858, of whom 122 were colored. The surface is occupied partly by prairies and partly by woodlands. The soil is very fertile. The Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad skirts the S. border. The chief productions in 1870 were 46,646 bushels of wheat, 521,955 of Indian corn, 125,923 of oats, 44,184 of potatoes, 6,229 tons of hay, 140,795 lbs. of butter, and 26,805 of wool. There were 4,894 horses, 3,665 milch cows, 6,171 other cattle, 11,608 sheep, and 15,813 swine. Capital, Maysville. DE KALB, John, baron, a general in the American army of the revolution, born in Alsace, June 29, 1721, died near Camden, S. C., Aug. 19, 1780. He was trained in the French army, and in 1762 visited the Anglo-American colonies as a secret agent of the French government. He was a brigadier in the French service when, on Nov. 7, 1776, he made with Franklin and Silas Deane an engagement to serve in the forces of the revolted colonies; and in 1777 he accompanied Lafayette to America. Congress appointed him a major general, Sept. 15, 1777, after which he joined the main army under Washington, and was active in the events near Philadelphia which preceded the encampment at Valley Forge. He served in New Jersey and Maryland till, in April, 1780, he was sent to reenforce Gen. Lincoln, then besieged in Charleston, but arrived too late. He was second in command under Gen. Gates; and in the disastrous battle of Camden, Aug. 16, 1780, he was at the head of the Maryland and Delaware troops, who maintained their ground till DELACROIX Cornwallis concentrated his whole force upon them. He fell, pierced with 11 wounds, in the charge upon his regiments before they gave way. He died at Camden three days afterward, and a monument was erected there to his memory in 1825. DEKKER. See DECKER. geologist, born near London in 1796, died in DE LA BECHE, Sir Henry Thomas, an English of Col. Thomas de la Beche of Jamaica, and London, April 13, 1855. He was the only son was educated for the army, which he entered in 1814, but soon afterward retired, and in 1818 married and settled in Dorsetshire. In 1817 he became a fellow of the geological society, of which he was subsequently elected secretary, and in 1847 president. During these geology of the counties of Devon, Dorset, and some succeeding years he investigated the Temperature and Depth of the Lake of Geneand Pembroke; wrote "Observations on the va;" and subsequently, in conjunction with the Rev. W. D. Conybeare, published an account of the plesiosaurus, under the title of "Discovtween the Ichthyosaurus and Crocodile." In ery of a new Fossil Animal forming a Link beattempted to ameliorate the condition of his 1824 he visited his patrimonial estate in Jamaica, the island. Returning to England, he published, slaves, and wrote a paper on the geology of in 1831 a "Geological Manual,” in 1834 “Researches in Theoretical Geology," in 1835 Geological Observer." He was appointed di"How to observe Geology," and in 1851 "The rector general of the geological survey of the United Kingdom, ordered by the government exertions, a geological museum with free lecabout 1835; and when, in 1845, mainly by his tures was added thereto, he was nominated director of the museum of practical geology. He was a member of various scientific commissions appointed by the government. Toward the close of his life he was knighted. painter, born at Charenton, April 26, 1799, DELACROIX, Ferdinand Victor Eugène, a French died at Champrosay, near Versailles, Aug. 13, 1863. He first became known by some able criticisms on art. He studied painting under Pierre Guérin, but from the very commencement of his career abandoned the classic school, and may be considered the founder of the romantic. His first picture, “Dante and Virgil,” Massacre of Scio," is one of the most striking was exhibited in 1822. His second work, "The pictures of the French school of the 19th century. In 1831 he was sent by the government on a mission to Morocco, and while there he sketched a great variety of views and costumes, very interesting and original pictures. He which were afterward reproduced in some decorated one of the halls of the Palais Bourbon and some interior parts of the Louvre and the Luxembourg. In 1857 he was admitted to the institute. Among his works are "Mephistopheles appearing to Faust," "The Prisoner of Chillon,' ""Women of Algiers,” and “The |