CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXIII.

The Enemy's Position.-His Intention.-The Plan of Operations.-Movements
of General Jackson.-Daring and Fortitude of Lee.-Offensive-Defensive
Policy. General Stuart's Movement.-Order of Attack.-Critical Position
of McClellan.-Order of Mr. Lincoln creating the Army of Virginia.-Ar-
rival of Jackson.-Position of the Enemy.-Diversion of General Long-
street. The Enemy forced back south of the Chickahominy.-Abandon-
ment of the Railroad

PAGE

130

CHAPTER XXIV.

Retreat of the Enemy.-Pursuit and Battle.-Night.-Further Retreat of the
Enemy.-Progress of General Jackson.-The Enemy at Frazier's Farm.-
Position of General Holmes.-Advance of General Longstreet.-Remark-
able Features of the Battle.-Malvern Hill.-Our Position.-The Attack.-
Expedition of General Stuart.-Destruction of the Enemy's Stores.-As-
saults on the Enemy.-Retreat to Westover on the James.-Siege of Rich-
mond raised.-Number of Prisoners taken.-Strength of our Forces.-
Strength of our Forces at Seven Pines and after.-Strength of the Enemy. 140

CHAPTER XXV.

Forced Emancipation.-Purposes of the United States Government at the Com-
mencement of 1862.-Subjugation or Extermination.-The Willing Aid of
United States Congress.-Attempt to legislate the Subversion of our Social
Institutions.-Could adopt any Measure Self-Defense would justify.—Sla-
very the Cause of all Troubles, therefore must be removed.—Statements
of President Lincoln's Inaugural.- Declaration of Sumner.-Abolition
Legislation.-The Power based on Necessity.-Its Formula.—The System
of Legislation devised.-Confiscation.-How permitted by the Law of Na-
tions.-Views of Wheaton; of J. Q. Adams; of Secretary Marcy; of Chief-
Justice Marshall-Nature of Confiscation and Proceedings.-Compared
with the Acts of the United States Congress.-Provisions of the Acts.-
Five Thousand Millions of Property involved.-Another Feature of the
Act.-Confiscates Property within Reach.-Procedure against Persons.—
Held us as Enemies and Traitors.-Attacked us with the Instruments of
War and Penalties of Municipa! Law.---Emancipation to be secured.—Re-
marks of President Lincoln on signing the Bill: Remarks of Mr. Adams
compared.-Another Alarming Usurpation of Congress.-Argument for
it-No Limit to the Wer-Power of Congress; how maintained.—The
Act to emancipate Slaves in the District of Columbia.-Compensation
promised. Remarks of President Lincoln.-The Right of Property vio-
lated.-Words of the Constitution.-The Act to prohibit Slavery in the
Territories.-The Act making an Additional Article of War.-All Officers
forbidden to return Fugitives.-Words of the Constitution.-The Powers
of the Constitution unchanged in Peace or War.-The Discharge of Fugi-
tives commanded in the Confiscation Act.-Words of the Constitution

158

CHAPTER XXVI.

Forced Emancipation concluded.-Emancipation Acts of President Lincoln.-
Emancipation with Compensation proposed to Border States.-Reasons
urged for it. Its Unconstitutionality.—Order of General Hunter.—Re-
voked by President Lincoln.-Reasons.-"The Pressure on him.-One
Cause of our Secession.-The Time to throw off the Mask at Hand.-
The Necessity that justified the President and Congress also justified Seces-
sion. Men united in Defense of Liberty called Traitors.-Conference of
President Lincoln with Senators and Representatives of Border States.—
Remarks of Mr. Lincoln.-Reply of Senators and Representatives.-Fail-
ure of the Proposition.-Three Hundred Thousand more Men called for.-
Declarations of the Antislavery Press. -Truth of our Apprehensions.—
Reply of President Lincoln.-Another Call for Men.-Further Declarations
of the Antislavery Press.-The Watchword adopted.-Memorial of So-
called Christians to the President.-Reply of President Lincoln.-Issue of
the Preliminary Proclamation of Emancipation.-Issue of the Final Proc-
lamation. The Military Necessity asserted.-The Consummation verbally
reached.—Words of the Declaration of Independence. Declarations by
the United States Government of what it intended to do.-True Nature of
the Party unveiled.-Declarations of President Lincoln.-Vindication of
the Sagacity of the Southern People.-His Declarations to European Cab-
inets.--Object of these Declarations.-Trick of the Fugitive Thief.-The
Boast of Mr. Lincoln calmly considered

CHAPTER XXVII.

Naval Affairs.—Organization of the Navy Department.-Two Classes of Ves-
sels. Experiments for Floating Batteries and Rams.-The Norfolk Navy-
Yard.-Abandonment by the Enemy.-The Merrimac Frigate made an Iron-
clad.-Officers.-Trial-Trip.-Fleet of the Enemy.-Captain Buchanan.—
Resolves to attack the Enemy.-Sinks the Cumberland.-Burns the Con-
gress.-Wounded.-Executive Officer Jones takes Command.-Retires for
the Night.-Appearance of the Monitor.-The Virginia attacks her. She
retires to Shoal Water.-Refuses to come out.-Cheers of English Man-of-
war.-Importance of the Navy-Yard.-Order of General Johnston to evac-
uate. Stores saved. The Virginia burned. Harber Defenses at Wil-
mington.-Harbor Defenses at Clrlestol. F in the Harbor.-De-
fenses of Savannah.-Mobile Harbor and Capture of its Defenses.—The
System of Torpedoes adopted-Statement of the Enemy.-Sub-terra
Shells placed in James River How made.Used in Charleston Harbor;
in Roanoke River; in Mobile Harbor The Tecumseh, how destroyed

-

CHAPTER XXVIII.

Naval Affairs (continued).-Importance of New Orleans.-Attack feared from up
the River.-Preparations for Defense.-Strength of the Forts.-Other De-
fenses.-The General Plan.-Ironclads.-Raft-Fleet of the Enemy.-Bom-

PAGE

178

194

bardment of the Forts commenced.-Advance of the Fleet.-Its Passage
of the Forts.-Batteries below the City.-Darkness of the Night.-Evac-
uation of the City by General Lovell on Appearance of the Enemy.-Ad-
dress of General Duncan to Soldiers in the Forts.-Refusal to surrender.-
Meeting of the Garrison of Fort Jackson.-The Forts surrendered.-Iron-
clad Louisiana destroyed.-The Tugs and Steamers.-The Governor Moore.
-The Enemy's Ship Varuna sunk.--The McRae.-The State of the City
and its Defenses considered.-Public Indignation.-Its Victims.-Efforts
made for its Defense by the Navy Department.-The Construction of the
Mississippi

PAGE

210

CHAPTER XXIX.

Naval Affairs (continued).-Farragut demands the Surrender of New Orleans.-
Reply of the Mayor.-United States Flag hoisted.-Advent of General
Butler.-Barbarities.-Antecedents of the People.-Galveston.-Its Sur-
render demanded.—The Reply.-Another Visit of the Enemy's Fleet.-
The Port occupied.-Appointment of General Magruder.-Recapture of
the Port.-Capture of the Harriet Lane.-Report of General Magruder.-
Position and Importance of Sabine Pass.-Fleet of the Enemy.—Repulse
by Forty-four Irishmen.-Vessels captured.-Naval Destitution of the
Confederacy at first.-Terror of Gunboats on the Western Rivers.-Their
Capture. The most Illustrious Example.-The Indianola.-Her Capture.
-The Ram Arkansas.-Descent of the Yazoo River.-Report of her Com-
mander.-Runs through the Enemy's Fleet.-Description of the Vessel.-—
Attack on Baton Rouge.—Address of General Breckinridge.—Burning of
the Arkansas

230

CHAPTER XXX.

Naval Affairs (continued).—Necessity of a Navy.-Raphael Semmes.—The Sum-
ter.-Difficulties in creating a Navy.-The Sumter at Sea.-Alarm.—Her
Captures.-James D. Bullock.-Laird's Speech in the House of Commons.
-The Alabama.-Semmes takes Command.-The Vessel and Crew.-Goes
to Sea.-Banks's Expedition.-Magruder at Galveston.-The Steamer Hat-
teras sunk.-The Alabama not a Pirate-An Aspinwall Steamer ransomed.
-Other Captures.-Prizes burned.—At Cherbourg.-Fight with the Kear-
sarge.-Rescue of the Men.-Demand of the United States Government for
the Surrender of the Drowning Men.-Reply of the British Government.-
Sailing of the Oreto.-Detained at Nassau.-Captain Maffit.-The Ship
half equipped.-Arrives at Mobile.-Runs the Blockade.-Her Cruise.-
Capture and Cruise of the Clarense.-The Captures of the Florida.-Cap-
tain C. M. Morris.-The Florida at Bahia.-Seized by the Wachusett.-
Brought to Virginia and sunk.-Correspondence.-The Georgia.—Cruises
and Captures.-The Shenandoah.-Cruises and Captures.-The Atlanta.—
The Tallahassee.-The Edith

-

245

CHAPTER XXXI.

Naval Affairs (concluded).-Excitement in the Northern States on the Appear-
ance of our Cruisers.-Failure of the Enemy to protect their Commerce.-
Appeal to Europe not to help the So-called "Pirates."-Seeks Iron-plated
Vessels in England.-Statement of Lord Russell.-What is the Duty of
Neutrals?-Position taken by President Washington.-Letter of Mr. Jef-
ferson.-Contracts sought by United States Government.-Our Cruisers
went to Sea unarmed.—Mr. Adams asserts that British Neutrality was
violated.-Reply of Lord Russell.-Rejoinder of Mr. Seward.-Duty of
Neutrals relative to Warlike Stores.-Views of Wheaton; of Kent.-
Charge of the Lord Chief Baron in the Alexandra Case.-Action of the
Confederate Government sustained.-Antecedents of the United States
Government.-The Colonial Commissions.-Build and equip Ships in Eu-
rope.-Captain Conyngham's Captures.-Made Prisoner.-Retaliation.—
Numbers of Captures.—Recognition of Greece.-Recognition of South
American Cruisers.—Chief Act of Hostility charged on Great Britain by
the United States Government.-The Queen's Proclamation: its Effect.-
Cause of the United States Charges.-Never called us Belligerents.-Why
not?-Adopts a Fiction.-The Reason.-Why denounce our Cruisers as
"Pirates"?-Opinion of Justice Greer.-Burning of Prizes.-Laws of Mari-
time War.-Cause of the Geneva Conference.-Statement of American
Claims. Allowance.-Indirect Damages of our Cruisers.-Ships trans-
ferred to British Registers.-Decline of American Tonnage.-Decline of
Coasting Tonnage.-Decline of Export of Breadstuffs.-Advance of In-

surance

PAGE

266

CHAPTER XXXII.

Attempts of the United States Government to overthrow States.-Military Gov-
ernor of Tennessee appointed.-Object.-Arrests and Imprisonments.—
Measures attempted.-Oath required of Voters.-A Convention to amend
the State Constitution.-Results.-Attempt in Louisiana.-Martial Law.-
Barbarities inflicted.—Invasion of Plantations.—Order of General Butler,
No. 28.-Execution of Mumford.-Judicial System set up.-Civil Affairs
to be administered by Military Authority.-Order of President Lincoln for
a Provisional Court.-A Military Court sustained by the Army.-Words
of the Constitution.-"Necessity," the reason given for the Power to create
the Court. This Doctrine fatal to the Constitution; involves its Subver-
sion.-Cause of our Withdrawal from the Union.-Fundamental Prin-
ciples unchanged by Force.--The Contest is not over; the Strife not ended.
-When the War closed, who were the Victors ?-Let the Verdict of Man-
kind decide

285

CHAPTER XXXIII.

Further Attempts of the United States Government to overthrow States.-Elec-
tion of Members of Congress under the Military Governor of Louisiana.—
The Voters required to take an Oath to support the United States Govern-

CONTENTS.

ment. The Stato Law violated.-Proposition to hold a State Convention;
postponed.-The President's Plan for making a Union State out of a Frag-
ment of a Confederate State.-His Proclamation.-The Oath required.—
Message.-"The War-Power our Main Reliance."-Not a Feature of a
Republican Government in the Plan.-What are the True Principles ?—
The Declaration of Independence asserts them.-Who had a Right to in-
stitute a Government for Louisiana ?-Its People only.-Under what Prin-
ciples could the Government of the United States do it ?-As an Invader to
subjugate.-Effrontery and Wickedness of the Administration.-It enforces
a Fiction.—Attempt to make Falsehood as good as Truth.-Proclamation
for an Election of State Officers.-Proclamation for a State Convention.-
The Monster Crime against the Liberties of Mankind.-Proceedings in
Arkansas.-Novel Method adopted to amend the State Constitution.-Per-
version of Republican Principles in Virginia.-Proceedings to create the
State of West Virginia.—A Falsehood by Act of Congress.-Proceedings
considered under Fundamental Principles.-These Acts sustained by the
United States Government.-Assertion of Thaddeus Stevens.-East Vir-
ginia Government.-Removed to Richmond and upheld by the United
States Government.-Such Acts caused Entire Subversion of States.-Mere
Fictions thus constituted .

CHAPTER XXXIV.

Address to the Army of Eastern Virginia by the President.-Army of General
Pope.-Position of McClellan.-Advance of General Jackson.-Atrocious
Orders of General Pope.-Letter of McClellan on the Conduct of the War.
-Letter of the President to General Lee.-Battle of Cedar Run.-Results
of the Engagement.-Reënforcements to the Enemy.-Second Battle of
Manassas.-Capture of Manassas Junction.-Captured Stores.-The Old
Battle-Field.-Advance of General Longstreet.-Attack on him.-Attack
on General Jackson.-Darkness of the Night.-Battle at Ox Hill.-Losses
of the Enemy.

CHAPTER XXXV.

ix

PAGE

. 295

. 311

Return of the Enemy to Washington.-War transferred to the Frontier.-Con-
dition of Maryland.—Crossing the Potomac.-Evacuation of Martinsburg.
-Advance into Maryland.-Large Force of the Enemy.-Resistance at
Boonesboro.-Surrender of Harper's Ferry.-Our Forces reach Sharps-
burg-Letter of the President to General Lee.-Address of General Lee
to the People.-Position of our Forces at Sharpsburg.-Battle of Sharps-
burg-Our Strength.-Forces withdrawn.-Casualties

CHAPTER XXXVI.

. 328

Efforts of the Enemy to obtain our Cotton.-Demands of European Manufac-
turers.-Thousands of Operatives resorting to the Poor-Rates.-Complaint
of her Majesty's Secretary of State.-Letter of Mr. Seward.-Promise to