open all the Channels of Commerce.-Series of Measures adopted by the
United States.-Act of Congress.-Its Provisions.—Its Operation.—Uncon-
stitutional Measures.-President Lincoln an Accomplice.-Not authorized
by a State of War.-Case before Chief-Justice Taney.-His Decision.-Ex-
peditions sent by the United States Government to seize Localities.—An
Act providing for the Appointment of Special Agents to seize Abandoned
or Captured Property.-The Views of General Grant.-Weakening his
Strength One Third.-Our Country divided into Districts, and Federal
Agents appointed.-Continued to the Close of the War

PAGE

343

CHAPTER XXXVII.

The Enemy crosses the Potomac and concentrates at Warrenton.-Advances
upon Fredericksburg.-Its Position.-Our Forces.-The Enemy crosses the
Rappahannock.-Attack on General Jackson.-The Main Attack.- Re-
pulse of the Enemy on the Right.-Assaults on the Left.-The Enemy's
Columns broke and fled.-Recross the River.-Casualties.-Position during
the Winter. The Enemy again crosses the Rappahannock.-Also crosses
at Kelly's Ford.-Converging toward Chancellorsville, to the Rear of our
Position. Inactivity on our Front.-Our Forces concentrate near Chancel-
lorsville and encounter the Enemy.-Position of the Enemy.-Attempt to
turn his Right.-The Enemy surprised and driven in the Darkness.-
Jackson fired upon and wounded.-Stuart in Command.-Battle renewed.
-Fredericksburg reoccupied.—Attack on the Heights.-Repulse of the
Enemy. The Enemy withdraws in the Night.-Our Strength.-Losses.-
Death of General Jackson.-Another Account

. 351

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

Relations with Foreign Nations.-The Public Questions.-Ministers abroad.-
Usages of Intercourse between Nations.-Our Action.-Mistake of Eu-
ropean Nations; they follow the Example of England and France.-Dif-
ferent Conditions of the Belligerents.-Injury to the Confederacy by the
Policy of European Powers relative to the Blockade.-Explanation.-The
Paris Conference.-Principles adopted.-Acceded to by the Confederacy
with a Single Exception.-These Agreements remained inoperative.—
Extent of the Pretended Blockade.-Remonstrances against its Recog-
nition.-Sinking Vessels to block up Harbors.-Every Proscription of
Maritime Law violated by the United States Government.-Protest.-Ad-
dition made to the Law by Great Britain.-Policy pursued favorable to
our Enemies.-Instances.-Mediation proposed by France to Great Britain,
and Russian Letter of French Minister.-Reply of Great Britain.—Reply
of Russia.-Letter to French Minister at Washington.-Various Offensive
Actions of the British Government.-Encouraging to the United States.-
Hollow Profession of Neutrality

367

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXXIX.

Advance of General E. K. Smith.-Advance of General Bragg.-Retreat of Gen-
eral Buell to Louisville.-Battle at Perryville, Kentucky.-General Morgan
at Hartsville.—Advance of General Rosecrans.-Battle of Murfreesboro.—
General Van Dorn and General Price.-Battle at Iuka.-General Van Dorn.
-Battle of Corinth.-General Little.-Captures at Holly Springs.-Re-
treat of Grant to Memphis.-Operations against Vicksburg.—The Canal.—
Concentration.-Raid of Grierson.-Attack near Port Gibson.-Orders of
General Johnston.-Reply of General Pemberton.-Baker's Creek.-Big
Black Bridge.-Retreat to Vicksburg.-Siege.-Surrender.-Losses.-Sur-
render of Port Hudson.-Some Movements for its Relief.

CHAPTER XL.

Inactivity in Tennessee.-Capture of Colburn's Expedition.— Capture of
Streight's Expedition.-Advance of Rosecrans to Bridgeport.-Burnside
in East Tennessee.-Our Force at Chattanooga.-Movement against Burn-
side.-The Enemy moves on our Rear near Ringgold.-Battle at Chicka-
manga.-Strength and Distribution of our Forces.-The Enemy with-
draws.-Captures.-Losses.-The Enemy evacuates Passes of Lookout
Mountain.-His Trains captured.-Failure of General Bragg to pursue.—
Reënforcements to the Enemy, and Grant to command.-His Description
of the Situation.--Movements of the Enemy.-Conflict at Chattanooga

CHAPTER XLI.

Movement to draw forth the Enemy.-Advance to Culpeper Court-House.-
Cavalry Engagement at Beverly's and Kelly's Fords.-Movement against
Winchester.-Milroy's Force captured.-Prisoners.-The Enemy retires
along the Potomac.-Maryland entered.-Advance into Pennsylvania.-The
Enemy driven back toward Gettysburg.-Position of the Respective Forces.
-Battle at Gettysburg.-The Army retires.-Prisoners.-The Potomac
swollen.-No Interruption by the Enemy.-Strength of our Force.-
Strength of the Enemy.-The Campaign closed.-Observations.-Kelly's
Ford.-Attempt to surprise our Army.-System of Breastworks.-Pris-

oners

xi

PAGE

. 382

426

437

CHAPTER XLII.

Subjugation of the States of Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Virginia.—
Object of a State Government; its Powers are "Just Powers"; how
exercised; its Duty; necessarily sovereign; its Entire Order; how found-
ed; how destroyed.—The Crime against Constitutional Liberty.—What is
the Government of the United States?-It partakes of the Nature of a
Limited Partnership; its Peaceful Objects.-Distinction between the Gov-
ernments of the States and that of the United States.-Secession.-The
Government of the United States invades the State; refuses to recognize

its Government; thus denies the Fundamental Principle of Popular Lib-
erty.-Founded a New State Government based on the Sovereignty of the
United States Government.—Annihilation of Unalienable Rights.-Quali-
fication of Voters fixed by Military Power.-Condition of the Voter's Oath.
-Who was the Sovereign in Tennessee?-Case of Louisiana.- Registra-
tion of Voters.-None allowed to register who could not or would not
take a Certain Oath; its Conditions.-Election of State Officers.-Part of
the State Constitution declared void.-All done under the Military Force
of the United States Government

PAGE

450

CHAPTER XLIII.

Subjugation of the Border States, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri.—A Mili-
tary Force invades Maryland and occupies Baltimore.-Martial Law de-
clared.-A Military Order.-Banishment from the State.-Civil Government
of the State suspended.-Unalienable Rights of the Citizens invaded.—
Arrests of Citizens commenced.-Number.—Case of John Merryman.—
Opinion of Chief-Justice Taney.-Newspapers seized.-Houses searched
for Arms. Order of Commanding General to Marshals to put Test to
Voters.-The Governor appeals to the President.-His Reply.-Voters
imprisoned.-Statement of the Governor.-Result of the Election.-State
Constitutional Convention.-Emancipation hardly carried.-First Open
Measures in Kentucky.—Interference at the State Election by the United
States Government.-Voters excluded.-Martial Law declared.-Soldiers
keeping the Polls.-The Vote.-Statement of the Governor.-Attempt to
enroll Able-bodied Negroes.-The Governor visits Washington.-The Re-
sult.-Arrests, Imprisonment, and Exile of Citizens.-Suspension of the
Writ of Habeas Corpus by President Lincoln.-Interference with the State
Election.-Order to the Sheriffs.-Proclamation of the Governor.-Enlist-
ment of Slaves.-Emancipation by Constitutional Amendment.-Violent
Measures in Missouri.-The Governor calls out the Militia.-His Words.-
The Plea of the Invader.-"The Authority of the United States is Para-
mount," said President Lincoln.-Bravery of the Governor.-Words of
the Commanding General.-Troops poured into the State.-Proceedings of
the State Convention.-Numberless Usurpations.-Provisional Governor.
-Emancipation Ordinance passed .

CHAPTER XLIV.

Subjugation of the Northern States.-Humiliating Spectacle of New York.-
'Ringing of a Little Bell."-Seizure and Imprisonment of Citizens.-Num-
ber seized.—Paper Safeguards of Liberty.—Other Safeguards.—Suspension
of the Writ of Habeas Corpus absolutely forbidden with One Exception.-
How done.-Not able to authorize another.-Abundant Protective Provi-
sions in New York, but all failed.-Case of Pierce Butler.-Arrest of Sec-
retary Cameron.-The President assumes the Responsibility of the Crime.
-No Heed given to the Writ of Habeas Corpus issued by the Court.-

460

The Governor passive.-Words of Justice Nelson.-Prison overflowing.—
How relieved.—Oath required of Applicants for Relief.-Oath declined by
some.-Reasons.-Order forbidding the Employment of Counsel by Pris-
oners.-Victims in almost Every Northern State.-Defeat at the Elec-
tions.-Result.-Suit for Damages commenced.-Congress interferes to
protect the Guilty.-State Courts subjugated.-How suspend Habeas Cor-
pus.-Congress violates the Constitution.-What was New York?-Writ
suspended throughout the United States.-What is "Loyalty " ?-Military
Domination.-Correspondence between General Dix and Governor Sey-
mour.-Seizure of Newspapers.-Governor orders Arrest of Offenders.—
Interference with the State Election.-Vote of the Soldiers.-State Agents
arrested.-Provost-Marshals appointed in Every Northern State.-Their
Duties. Sustained by Force.-Trials by Military Commission.-Trials at
Washington.-Assassination of the President.-Trial of Henry Wirz.—
Efforts to implicate the Author.-Investigation of a Committee of Con-
gress as to Complicity in the Assassination.—Arrest, Trial, and Banish-
ment of Clement C. Vallandigham.—Assertions of Governor Seymour on
the Case.

CHAPTER XLV.

Inactivity of the Army of Northern Virginia.-Expeditions of Custer, Kilpatrick,
and Dahlgren for the Destruction of Railroads, the Burning of Richmond,
and Killing the Officers of the Government.-Repelled by Government
Clerks.-Papers on Dahlgren's Body.-Repulse of Butler's Raid from Ber-
muda Hundred.-Advance of Sheridan repulsed at Richmond.-Stuart re-
sists Sheridan. Stuart's Death.-Remarks on Grant's Plan of Campaign.
-Movement of General Butler.-Drury's Bluff.-Battle there.-Campaign
of Grant in Virginia .

CHAPTER XLVI.

General Grant assumes Command in Virginia.-Positions of the Armies.—Plans
of Campaign open to Grant's Choice.-The Rapidan crossed.-Battle of
the Wilderness.-Danger of Lee.-The Enemy driven back.-Flank Attack.
-Longstreet wounded.-Result of the Contest.-Rapid Flank Movement
of Grant.-Another Contest.-Grant's Reënforcements.-Hanover June-
tion.-The Enemy moves in Direction of Bowling Green.-Crosses the Pa-
munkey.-Battle at Cold Harbor.-Frightful Slaughter.-The Enemy's
Soldiers decline to renew the Assault when ordered.-Loss.-Asks Truce
to bury the Dead.-Strength of Respective Armies.-General Pember-
ton.-The Enemy crosses the James.-Siege of Petersburg begun

CHAPTER XLVII.

PAGE

- 477

504

. 515

Situation in the Shenandoah Valley.—March of General Early.—The Object.—
At Lynchburg.-Staunton.-His Force.-Enters Maryland.—Attack at
Monocacy.-Approach to Washington.-The Works.-Recrosses the Po-

tomac.-Battle at Kernstown.—Captures.—Outrages of the Enemy.-State-
ment of General Early.-Retaliation on Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.—
Battle near Winchester.-Sheridan's Force routed.-Attack subsequently
renewed with New Forces.-Incapacity of our Opponent.-Early falls
back.-The Enemy retires.-Early advances.-Report of a Committee of
Citizens on Losses by Sheridan's Orders.-Battle at Cedar Creek.-Losses,
Subsequent Movements, and Captures.-The Red River Campaign.-Re-
pulse and Retreat of General Banks.-Capture of Fort Pillow

CHAPTER XLVIII.

--

PAGE

Assignment of General J. E. Johnston to the Command of the Army of Ten-
nessee. Condition of his Army.-An Offensive Campaign suggested.-
Proposed Objects to be accomplished.-General Johnston's Plans.-Ad-
vance of Sherman.-The Strength of the Confederate Position.-General
Johnston expects General Sherman to give Battle at Dalton.-The Enemy's
Flank Movement via Snake-Creek Gap to Resaca.-Johnston falls back
to Resaca.-Further Retreat to Adairsville.-General Johnston's Reasons.
-Retreat to Cassville.-Projected Engagement at Kingston frustrated.—
Retreat beyond the Etowah River.-Strong Position at Alatoona aban-
doned.-Nature of the Country between Marietta and Dallas.-Engage-
ments at New Hope Church.-Army takes Position at Kenesaw.-Senator
Hill's Letter.-Death of Lieutenant-General Polk.-Battle at Kenesaw
Mountain.- Retreat beyond the Chattahoochee. Results reviewed.-
Popular Demand for Removal of General Johnston.-Reluctance to re-
move him.-Reasons for Removal.-Assignment of General J. B. Hood to
the Command.-He assumes the Offensive.-Battle of Peach-tree Creek.-
Death of General W. H. T. Walker.-Sherman's Movement to Jonesboro.-
Defeat of Hardee.-Evacuation of Atlanta.-Sherman's Inhuman Order.-
Visit to Georgia.-Suggested Operations.-Want of Coöperation by the
Governor of Georgia.-Conference with Generals Beauregard, Hardee, and
Cobb, at Augusta.-Departure from Original Plan.-General Hood's Move-
ment against the Enemy's Communications.-Partial Successes.-With-
drawal of the Army to Gadsden and Movement against Thomas.—Sher-
man burns Atlanta and begins his March to the Sea.-Vandalism.—
Direction of his Advance.-General Wheeler's Opposition.-His Valuable
Service. Sherman reaches Savannah.-General Hardee's Command.-The
Defenses of the City.-Assault and Capture of Fort McAlister.-The
Results.-Hardce evacuates Savannah

527.

547

CHAPTER XLIX.

Exchange of Prisoners.-Signification of the Word "loyal."-Who is the Sover-
eign?-Words of President Lincoln.-The Issue for which we fought.-Posi-
tion of the United States Government.-Letters of Marque granted by us.—
Officers and Crew First Prisoners of the Enemy.-Convicted as "Pirates.”-
My Letter to President Lincoln.-How received.—Act of Congress relating