The State of Connecticut, in 1859, erected over his grave a granite monument, twenty-one feet high. The State of Vermont, which he helped establish, did not recognize his great services until Bennington Battle Day, August 16, 1911, when a monument surmounted by a statue of Colonel Warner was dedicated at Bennington Center, the gift of Col. Olin Scott, of that town.

Early in the summer of 1787 Ethan Allen removed from Sunderland to Burlington and his family followed him in July of that year. Burlington at that time consisted of a group of houses near the lake front and a few other residences near the present site of the University of Vermont. On July 9, 1778, soon after his return from captivity, Allen had purchased from James Claghorn, Commissioner for the Sale of the Confiscated Estates of Tories, one hundred and fifty acres of land in Burlington, on the Onion (Winooski) River, for three hundred pounds, this being the confiscated property of one William Marsh, a Tory. Here, in the peaceful pursuit of agriculture, he spent the last years of an eventful life. In 1788 he petitioned the Legislature to incorporate a Society of Moral Philosophers, to be called the Moral Philosophical Society. Allen's public papers show evidence of wide reading and scholarly tastes. He enjoyed the study of philosophy and gave much time to it. In 1784 he had published his "Oracles of Reason," which he called a "compendious system of natural religion." In this book he expressed a belief in an all wise God who orders the affairs of men and governs the universe, and in the immortality of the soul, but he rejected the doctrine of miracles, the divine in

spiration of the Bible, and the divinity of Christ. This book aroused a storm of criticism, and its author was called an infidel.

General Allen's first wife having died early in the year 1783, on February 9, 1787, he took for his second wife Mrs. Fanny Buchanan, a young widow twentyfour years old. She was the step-daughter of Crean Brush, the well known Tory, who was supposed to have been influential in persuading Governor Tryon of New York to place a price on Allen's head. This second wooing and marriage were rather unconventional. Mrs. Buchanan and her mother had rooms in the residence of Stephen R. Bradley at Westminster. The Judges of the Supreme Court were accustomed to make this place their headquarters during the sessions, and presumably Allen had met the young widow here. Early on the morning of February ninth he appeared at the Bradley residence with a span of fine horses, a sleigh and a driver. Entering the apartments of Mrs. Buchanan he found her standing in a chair, arranging articles on the upper shelf of a china closet. He said to her rather abruptly, "If we are to be married now is the time, as I am on my way to Arlington." “Very well," replied the young woman, "but give me time to get in my joseph" (a riding dress). Entering the room where the Judges were sitting Allen surprised his old friend, Chief Justice Moses Robinson, by asking him to perform a marriage ceremony. Mrs. Allen was a fascinating woman, accustomed to the ways of polite society, refined in her tastes and possessed of many accomplishments.

On February 11, 1789, General Allen, accompanied by a colored servant, crossed Lake Champlain on the ice to South Hero, to visit his old friend and comrade, Col. Ebenezer Allen, and get a load of hay. He remained there over night, returning early in the morning. The driver spoke to him several times on the return journey, but received no answer, and when home was reached it was found that General Allen had suffered an apoplectic shock. He died the same day, Thursday, February 12, 1789. His funeral was held on February 17, with military honors. Many of his comrades were present from all parts of the State, several coming from Bennington. The funeral procession is said to have been "truly solemn and numerous." It consisted of a company of artillery, firing minute guns; a company of infantry with trailed arms; six field officers with drawn swords; the body, borne by pall bearers, followed by Governor Chittenden, a Major General and four field officers; the mourners; officers of different rank, marching two by two; civil magistrates and spectators. volleys of musketry were fired over the grave, followed by the discharge of three cannon. The burial was in what is now known as Green Mount Cemetery, in Burlington, a beautiful spot overlooking the Winooski River, and in sight of the place where more than a century later the United States Government was to establish a military post named Fort Ethan Allen. Many years after Ethan Allen's death the State of Vermont erected over his grave a noble monument, consisting of a shaft forty-two feet high, on a granite base, surmounted by a statue of Allen cut in Carrara marble,

Three

eight feet in height, the work of Peter Stephenson, a Boston sculptor. The monument is surrounded by a paling of muskets with cannon for posts. The statue was unveiled July 4, 1873.

An imposing memorial tower of Norman design was erected in 1905 by the Vermont Society, Sons of the American Revolution, on Indian Rock, overlooking Lake Champlain, the location being a part of the farm in Burlington owned by Allen at the time of his death. Among those attending the dedicatory exercises were Vice President Charles W. Fairbanks and Ethan Allen Hitchcock, a member of President Roosevelt's Cabinet and a direct descendant of Ethan Allen. A statue of Allen in Italian marble, executed by Larkin G. Mead, a Vermont sculptor, has been placed in Statuary Hall, in the Capitol at Washington, and another of Vermont marble, the work of the same sculptor, adorns the portico of the State House at Montpelier.

Ethan Allen was the father of five children by his first marriage. One son, Joseph, died at the age of eleven years, and two daughters, Lorain and Mary Ann, died unmarried. Pamelia married Eleazer W. Keyes of Burlington, but had no children. Lucy Caroline married Hon. Samuel Hitchcock, a prominent Vermonter. The children of the second Mrs. Allen were Fanny, who entered a convent in Canada and died there, Ethan Alphonso and Hannibal Montescue. Both of these sons were graduated from the United States Military Academy and became officers in the regular army. The only direct descendants of Ethan Allen who bear

his name trace their line through Ethan Alphonso Allen.

It would hardly be proper to assert that Ethan Allen was the greatest of that notable group of men who made possible the independent commonwealth of Vermont, but his career is more familiar to the American people than that of any of his associates-and it was easily the most picturesque. While it is true that he was not distinguished for modesty or refinement, it should be borne in mind that the New Hampshire Grants was not a region well suited to the cultivation of the graces and adornments of life. The struggle for existence among these Green Mountain pioneers, from the viewpoint of the individual, the family and the commonwealth, demanded stern measures and strong men; and Ethan Allen was preeminently a strong manstrong physically and strong mentally. He possessed

many of the qualities which, in earlier days, have made chieftains and kings, namely, a commanding presence, a strong right arm, great personal valor and a natural capacity for leadership. He rendered splendid service to the embryo commonwealth and to the cause of American freedom, with sword and tongue and pen. Although he was a prisoner of war when Vermont declared her independence, and died before constitutional government was inaugurated in America, or Vermont was admitted to the Union, yet his achievements constitute a notable chapter in the early history of the American Revolution, and his career is so closely interwoven with the early annals of Vermont that the one inevitably suggests the other.