placed in command of the Northern department with headquarters at Saratoga, and he kept in constant touch with the military authorities of Vermont, a fact not at all to the liking of Governor Clinton of New York. It was feared in 1782 that the large British force in Canada would invade the northern frontier, and in February the Legislature ordered the raising of three hundred men to garrison the frontier posts. In July, 1781, a British blockhouse was erected on what is known as Dutchman's Point on North Hero island by Capt. Justus Sherwood and a party of twentythree men and boys. Sherwood had been a Tory leader during the war and as such had figured in the battle of Hubbardton. He was an officer of a corps known as the Queen's Loyal Rangers, recruited from American Loyalists who had fled to Canada. He left his home in New Haven, Vt., in 1776, going to St. Johns. Later he was granted a tract of one thousand acres near Brockville, Canada. This new fort was used during the last year or two of the war as the headquarters of a secret corps of observation under Captain Sherwood and as a stopping place for Loyalists on their way to Canada, and made as little trouble as a garrison could under such circumstances. The blockhouse was held by the British long after the close of the war and was not evacuated until the summer of 1796. The garrison was scrupulously careful not to offend the people in the vicinity after hostilities had ceased. A large part of the service of Vermont men during the Revolutionary War was for short periods. They were called out for some definite task, responding to an "alarm," and when the immediate danger had passed, they were discharged and returned to protect their homes and cultivate their farms. The companies and the regiments were small and the number of officers sometimes appears to have been disproportionately large. "The Vermont Revolutionary Rolls," compiled by the authority of the State by Prof. J. E. Goodrich, gives the principal officers commanding Vermont troops during the War for Independence as follows: Brigadier Generals, Ethan Allen, Jacob Bayley, Roger Enos, Moses Hazen, Peter Olcott, Joseph Safford; Colonels, John Abbott, Ebenezer Allen, Ira Allen, Timothy Bedel, Stephen R. Bradley, James Claghorn, Isaac Clark, Cornelius Doty, Samuel Fletcher, Samuel Herrick, Robert Johnson, Thomas Johnson, Thomas Lee,-Lyon, Joel Marsh, Joseph Marsh,-Marshall, James Mead, Moses Robinson, John Sargeant, Benjamin Wait, Ebenezer Walbridge, Seth Warner, Gideon Warren,-Webster, William Williams, Ebenezer Wood. The Vermont Gazette, in its edition of June 3, 1783, records the celebration at Pawlet of the news of peace between Great Britain and America. A sermon was preached by Rev. Mr. Miller and an oration was delivered by Israel Smith of Rupert, later one of Vermont's most distinguished men. There was a military parade, a salute of fourteen guns was fired and a dinner was served. Late in July General Washington visited Crown Point, as the Gazette says, "to view the ruins of the fortifications and judge the expediency of repairing them." In this connection it may be recalled that earlier in the war Washington was strongly opposed to the abandonment of Crown Point in favor of Ticonderoga. No mention is made of a visit to Vermont by Washington. At this time Baron Steuben is said to have made a tour through the Champlain valley to view the most proper places for establishing garrisons on the frontiers. It is impossible to make anything like an accurate estimate of the number of Tories or Loyalists in Vermont. In most of the townships the friends of the new American government constituted a large majority of the population, but in a few of them the Tories predominated. The Dorset Convention voted on July 24, 1776, "that as it appears that the inhabitants of Arlington are principally Tories, yet the friends of liberty are ordered to warn a meeting and choose a committee of safety and conduct as in other towns." There was a large Tory population in Guilford, and for several years this faction contended with the Whigs for control of the town. There were frequent collisions and each faction when in power endeavored to deprive its rivals of the right of suffrage. Probably the Tories constituted a majority of the people of Clarendon, where most of the friends of New York were British sympathizers and took protection papers from General Burgoyne. A large number of towns contained a minority of Loyalists; and as in other States, so in Vermont, these people often were numbered among the most prosperous and influential citizens. Daniel Chipman, who was associated with some of the Vermont leaders of the Revolutionary period, has said: "A less proportion of Tories were |