sand. Gen. Roberts, chief of cavalry on General Pope's staff, who was on the ground and all over it during the battle, puts the enemy at thirty thousand. He is an experienced officer and his judgment entitled to confidence. Gen. Augur, who was severely wounded, also an old officer, estimates at forty thousand. Whatever their strength it was carefully concealed till the close of the day; then, when General Banks advanced and the infantry fight began, it was suddenly developed in overwhelming numbers.

strength of the rebels, hidden and strongly posted, and fought them for an hour and a half with only a fraction of their numbers, and when he found them too strong to be driven from their position, withdrew his troops and re-formed them on his original ground. Some regiments, not those I think that suffered most severely, left the field in disorder, but when General Pope arrived he found General Williams still holding his wing firmly, though his was the division which had fought hardest and longest and had lost most heavily. The enemy's losses, especially by our artillery fire, are immense. Their effort and con

by weight of numbers failed entirely. He held his ground, and inflicted as much loss as he suffered. If aware of the rebel strength he would not, I suppose, have attacked when he did. Their strategy seems to have been meant to draw him upon an impregnable position, then destroy him at a blow. Good generalship on his part, and the fortitude of his troops saved the fortunes of the day, so that when reenforcements came up the battle was without decisive issue.

Against these unexpected masses of the enemy our troops fought with the most determined courage. I hear from all quarters only the most en-fident expectation to overpower General Banks thusiastic praises of their behavior during most of the battle. Regiments advanced across open fields to attack an enemy of unknown strength concealed in the woods, and when met by the most terrible fire, still persisted in the effort till they were almost destroyed. The Second Massachusetts left the field with eighty men. The Fifth Connecticut, the Twenty-seventh Indiana, the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania were so severely cut up that they could no longer be called regiments. The One Hundred and Second Pennsylvania lost nearly all its officers. In Gen. Crawford's brigade every regimental field-officer is said to be killed, wounded, or prisoner. Gen. Geary is badly wounded in the arm, but may save it. General Augur is severely wounded. Gen. Prince is missing. The whole of the right wing, under General Williams, was very severely handled.

Major Pelouze, Gen. Banks's Adjutant-General, a regular army officer, took command of a regiment which was ordered forward in support of another hardly pressed, but which was hesitating, and the Colonel of which refused to lead his men into such a galling fire as awaited them. It was only a leader they wanted, for they followed Major Pelouze gallantly till he was wounded. Two bullets struck him-one on the belt-plate, the other entering his side and severely wounding him. He still kept his seat, and went on; but was obliged to give up from loss of blood and weak

ness.

General Banks was in command all day, and during the battle was almost constantly under fire. I hear nothing but praise of his skill and courage; that he did all that with his force was possible; showed himself a capable general in the field, as he has for the broader manoeuvres of a campaign.

I have no time even to mention the many incidents of the fight which I have heard. I meant only to state briefly the general course and result of the fight, as it is here understood. The sub

stance of it is this.

The rebels were reënforced at almost the same instant by the arrival of General Hill with seventeen thousand troops, but they made no serious attack afterward. McDowell's troops came on the field with loud cheers, and were rapidly thrown into position, taking the ground held by General Williams's exhausted men. Jackson soon saw that his effort was a failure, and abandoned the game.

For some hours in the early night there was more or less cannonading on both sides. The moon was full, the sky cloudless, and there was light enough for a General familiar with the ground, as Jackson was, to manoeuvre as he pleased. My first impressions of the condition of affairs were not very favorable, for as we approached the woods beyond which were General Banks's troops, a regiment came to the rear on the run. The cause of their panic was unknown, for there was only a scattering fire at the time. General Pope sent his staff right and left with orders to stop the fugitives by all means, and some men, who were frightened enough to defy all other dangers than that from which they ran, were ridden down and over.

Later in the evening, General Pope and General Banks had a narrow escape. They, with their staffs and body-guards, were gathered on a hill which gave a good view of the ground, and, although it was in front of their lines, retained the position after the lines were formed. As the troops passed, they cheered loudly and repeatedly, and probably drew the rebels' attention to the The rebels under Jackson, aware of the advance spot, and led them to suspect the General's pres beyond Culpeper, suddenly threw a strong col-ence. A battery in the woods near by opened umn across the Rapidan, hoping by swift attack suddenly upon the hill, and kept up a rapid but to fall upon and crush an isolated corps beyond inaccurate fire for perhaps twenty minutes. As the reach of immediate reënforcements. General the shell all went over and exploded in the field Bayard with his cavalry checked their advance beyond, General Pope did not change his posi during the day. General Banks, pushing for- tion. The battery ceased its fire presently, and ward his artillery and following with infantry, the rebel guns elsewhere were also silent. finally, about six o'clock, came upon the whole the left of the hill was an open valley, ascending

On

on the other side to a hill which half-way up was covered with woods. The edge of the woods was not more than a quarter of a mile from the hill where General Pope stood.

Very suddenly, while the fire was every where still, a volley of musketry came out of these woods, and a battalion of rebel cavalry dashed from the cover and charged down the hill at a gallop, discharging their carbines as they came. Generals, staffs, and escorts mounted and started without much delay, riding straight for our own lines, but scattering to avoid the rebel fire. But the moment the rebel cavalry came in sight, the nearest infantry, ignorant or careless of their generals' position, opened with a volley along the whole line. It checked the rebels and did not kill many friends; but for four or five minutes the cross-fire under which generals and all were compelled to pass was rapid and hot. The sight of a sheet of flame from the line whose protection we sought and the whiz of friendly bullets was a little startling; but there was nothing to do but keep on, for the fire continued, and the longer we waited the worse it would be. Two of General Pope's body-guard were killed and one wounded. General Banks was severely injured by a runaway cavalry horse, which struck him on the side, but he kept his seat and remained in the field all last night and this morning. Colonel Ruggles, General Pope's Chief of Staff, had his horse shot under him. Colonel Morgan, Aid-de-Camp to Gen. Pope, and Major Perkins, General Banks's Chief of Staff, both had bullets through their hats.

It was destined to be a night of adventure. General Sigel had been sent for to report to Gen. Pope, but as his position had been thus suddenly changed, the aid who carried the order could not find his General. While they were in search of him, the cannonade, stimulated by the infantry fire, had again become general. Some enterprising artillery captain who was stationed to the left and rear, began shelling without orders, and firing directly over General Sigel's head, was endangering him and his officers by the premature explosion of shells, and seemed to be aiming in mistake at the advanced lines of our own troops. His performances were stopped quickly, Captain Ball, of General McDowell's staff, riding gallantly up to the battery in face of its fire and arresting the captain in command.

By twelve o'clock at night the field was quiet. General Pope, General Banks, and General Sigel were in conference together on a hill which seemed to have been chosen as quarters for the night, for of course every body was to sleep on the field. Notwithstanding his recent experience, General Pope was again near the front of his lines, having only one battery beyond him on the right and nothing at all to the left. I had given my horse to an orderly, and was nearly asleep, when half a dozen rifle-bullets brought the whole party to their feet and into their saddles, headquarters were moved half a mile further to the rear, and

General Pope gave over doing picket-duty in per

son for the rest of the night.

There was no more fighting till morning.

The

General mounted again at four o'clock, and since
then has been riding over the ground. There
seems little prospect of a battle to-day. The men
are excessively tired by fighting and marching
and the intense heat, and unless an attack is made
from the other side, there will be none on ours.
The troops are all in position, many of them on
the open hill-side and fields, exposed to the sun,
and of course uncomfortable. But they are all
in good spirits, have enough to eat, though coffee
is scarce, and wherever I have been this morning
-and that is all over the ground-there is not a
regiment that is not eager for the expected battle.
REBEL REPORTS AND NARRATIVES.
GENERAL JACKSON'S REPORT.

HEADQUARTERS VALLEY DISTRICT,
August 12-6 P.M.

}

COLONEL: On the evening of the ninth instant, God blessed our arms with another victory. The battle was near Cedar Run, about six miles from Culpeper Court-House. The enemy, according to the statement of prisoners, consisted of Banks's, McDowell's, and Sigel's commands. We have over four hundred prisoners, including Brig.Gen. Prince. While our list of killed is less than that of the enemy, yet we have to mourn the loss of some of our best officers and men. Brig.-Gen. Charles S. Winder was mortally wounded while ably discharging his duty at the head of his command, which was the advance of the left wing of the army. We have collected about one thousand five hundred small arms, and other ordnance stores. I am, Colonel, your obedient servant. T. J. JACKSON,

Col. R. H. CHILTON, A. A.G.

Major-General.

RICHMOND "ENQUIRER" ACCOUNT. An intelligent correspondent sends us the following, dated on the battle-field, Sunday morning, August tenth, three A.M.:

Gen. Jackson has fought the Yankees, and has again whipped them. We left from above Gordonsville on Friday, about half-past three o'clock A.M., on an advance movement. About the middle of the day our cavalry came in contact with the Yankee cavalry, and after a sharp engagement they took to their heels, losing about twenty killed. We took about forty prisoners, with their camp and camp equipage. Our loss was none. Our troops encamped Friday night on Garnett's farm. Early on Saturday morning we again took up the line of march, and about nine o'clock discovered the Yankee cavalry drawn up in line in great force, about one and a half miles in advance. After waiting for some time to find out their intention, we had, about half-past eleven o'clock, to open upon them with two pieces, from two batteries, on a cross fire. Our shots were well directed. I was standing on my horse by the cannon that fired the first shot, which fell in line a short distance in front of them. The next I saw

fall among them. Gen. Ewell then told the men to give it to them as fast as they could load, which was done until they all disappeared behind

lant little band, and arriving within a short distance, prepared to charge. But our brave men met them with such a storm of iron hail that they too broke and ran, our men pursuing them, and, as our informant states, literally butchering them at every step of their retreat. At this point in the engagement the reenforcements came up, and our men, in their turn, being in imminent danger of being flanked, were compelled to fall back, disputing every inch of the ground, but losing a

the cover of the woods. Our infantry was then
advanced, and about five o'clock began one of the
most rapid and severe engagements of the war.
We suffered severely for a short time, until we
got our men up, when we gave it to them hot and
heavy, and drove them back with great loss.
Our firing did not cease until about one o'clock at
night. They left their dead and wounded on the
field, with about four hundred prisoners, which
we marched to the rear. They outnumbered us
very considerably. It is thought that the en-number of prisoners.
gagement will begin again early, if we can find
them. Our wagons have all been ordered for-
ward with a good supply of commissary stores.
The exact locality of the fight on Saturday is
said to have been on the plantation of Rev. D. F.
Slaughter, near Mitchell's station. The Lynch-
burgh Republican says that the number of troops
engaged on either side is stated to have been very
unequal, and the fight is represented to have
been terrible in the extreme. A part of Ewell's
division led in the attack, which was subsequently
reenforced by a portion of A. P. Hill's division,
the whole numbering about fifteen thousand,
against about twenty-five thousand of the enemy.
Our losses are not definitely ascertained, but are
supposed to reach about six hundred wounded
and one hundred killed. The enemy's is esti-
mated to be much heavier in killed and wounded,
besides four hundred prisoners, including a large
proportion of officers.

The enemy retreated after several hours of desperate resistance, leaving the ground covered with arms and ordnance stores. We secured about one thousand stand of muskets and rifles, besides a large number of pistols, swords, etc. We had some seventy-five or a hundred missing, but it is supposed the number will be largely reduced, as they were constantly rejoining their commands. We took no artillery, the enemy having succeeded in getting them off. There have been occasional skirmishes since the fight on Saturday, but they resulted in nothing of a serious character. The enemy fell back to the neighborhood of Culpeper Court-House, carrying off the most of their dead and wounded, though a number of the latter were left on the field, and fell into our hands. They were paroled and sent to the enemy's lines under a flag of truce.

LYNCHBURGH "REPUBLICAN" ACCOUNT.

LYNCHBURGH, VA., August 15. From an officer of the Stonewall brigade, one who has followed its fortunes in all its desperate and bloody encounters with the enemy, we learn that the fight at Cedar Run, on Saturday last, was the most desperate and determined of any that he has yet witnessed.

Our reenforcements came upon the field at this time, and our informant says the most desperate hand-to-hand encounter probably ever witnessed on the battle-field took place. Our troops, with | desperate valor, charged upon the enemy, who met them bravely, and, bayonets locked and sabres crossed, each fought as if the fortunes of the field depended alone on him. And when the bayonet failed to do its work, or was broken or lost, with clubbed guns the contest was continued, until the enemy gave way and scattered in all directions. Here the loss was terrible, and here fell some of the best and bravest officers of the whole Southern army; but over the dead bodies of their comrades our gallant men pressed on, until the foe was driven from the field, and the dear-bought victory won.

As they pursued the flying foe, our men came up with and released their comrades who had been captured in the early part of the fight, besides capturing a number of the enemy.

The list of casualties, though not yet complete, has, it is now stated, been under-estimated. Our loss in killed is thought to be one hundred, and seven or eight hundred wounded. Every fieldofficer of the Second brigade was either killed or wounded, an evidence of the desperate valor with which they fought.

The field was literally strewed with the dead and wounded Yankees, and their loss, it is supposed, cannot be less than three times our own.

Doc. 94.

MARTIAL LAW IN VIRGINIA.

GENERAL ORDER NO. 84.

WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJ. and Insp'r GEN'S OFFICE, RICHMOND, May 3, 1862. 1. THE following proclamation is published for the information of all concerned.

PROCLAMATION.

By virtue of the power vested in me by law to declare the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus,

I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confeder ate States of America, do proclaim that martial The enemy's cavalry first advanced upon our law is hereby extended over the counties of Lee, column in heavy force, and were suffered to ap- Wise, Buchanan, McDowell and Wyoming, under proach within a few yards of our men, when the the command of Brig.-Gen. Humphrey Marshall; whole line poured in a deadly fire, which caused and I do proclaim the suspension of all civil juristhem to recoil and finally retreat in great disor-diction, (with the exception of that enabling the der. Then a strong column of infantry approach- courts to take cognizance of the probate of wills, ed, with the evident design of flanking our gal- the administration of the estates of deceased per

sons, the qualification of guardians, to enter decrees and orders for the partition and sale of property, to make orders concerning roads and bridges, to assess county levies, and to order the payment of county dues,) and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus in the counties aforesaid.

In faith whereof I have hereunto signed my name and set my seal, this the third day of May, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixtytwo. JEFFERSON DAVIS.

2. Brig.-Gen. Humphrey Marshall is charged with the due execution of the foregoing proclamation. He will forthwith establish an efficient military police, and will enforce the following orders:

All distillation of spirituous liquors is positively prohibited, and the distilleries will forthwith be closed. The sale of spirituous liquors of any kind is also prohibited, and establishments for the sale thereof will be closed.

3. All persons infringing the above prohibitions, will suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a court-martial; provided that no sentence to hard labor for more than one month shall be inflicted by the sentence of a regimental court-martial, as directed by the sixtyseventh article of war.

By command of the Secretary of War,
S. COOPER,
Adjutant and Inspector-General.

Doc. 95.

OCCUPATION OF CORINTH, MISS.

ADJT.-GENERAL HAMMOND'S REPORT.*
HEADQUARTERS FIFTH DIVISION ARMY OF TENNESSEE,
CAMP BEFORE CORINTH, May 30.

Division:

to you various orderlies to report the condition of things, and to ask that one or two sections of artillery might be sent to our support, to make an attempt on the rear-guard of the enemy. At this juncture, General Pope and General Rosecrans arrived from their camp on the Farmington road, and, as they brought troops, I obtained permission from General Smith to pursue the enemy with our cavalry, which was sent for urgently.

The cavalry not arriving, I pushed on across town with some Iowa cavalry, and finding near College Hill a house with a number of females in it, I placed my only remaining orderly in charge, directing him to prevent stragglers from annoying them. In about fifteen minutes, Capt. Wooster, of the Fourth Illinois cavalry, came up and expressed his willingness to push on, but a little later the Colonel arriving stopped the company, and ordered it into line in an open space in front of the college. I had learned from an old man, captured by the Iowans, that many of the enemy's pickets were but a little way on, and from a negro that a piece of cannon was not far ahead.

Seeing no indication of a movement on the part of the cavalry of our division, I followed the Second Iowa, and after a chase of nearly half a mile overtook it. It proved to be a detachment of Gen. Pope's body-guard, commanded by Capt. Kendrick, who very kindly detached ten men for me, and allowed me to go in the advance. We pushed on as fast as the horses could travel, with flankers out on both sides, capturing arms and small squads of prisoners in the road and in the woods adjoining. About two miles and a half from Corinth the road became a causeway through a morass, impassable on either side, but we pushed ahead, depending on a sudden rush if we came on the cannon, as we learned from the prisoners that the rear was straggling in small detachments.

A quarter of a mile of causeway brought us to a bridge, which was on fire in three places. I

} Major-Gen. W. T. Sherman, commanding Fifth dismounted, and with the assistance of private GENERAL: I have the honor to report that, in Hass, of the body-guard, threw off the first pile obedience to your orders, at half-past six A.M. to-diately went to work with his men. of fire, when Capt. Kendrick arrived, and immeAs soon as day I started to join Brig.-Gen. M. L. Smith, commanding the First brigade, in his march on Cor- we recovered from the effects of the smoke and inth. Proceeding as rapidly as possible to about heat, we pushed through the creek below the half a mile from the edge of the village, I found bridge, and continued the pursuit. In a few minhim with the Fifty-fourth Ohio, Colonel T. Kirby stated that the gun he was carrying was private utes we overtook a small party, one of whom Smith, commanding, in the advance. Skirmishers deployed two hundred and fifty yards on each property, and belonged to Major-Gen. Price, who side of the road and in the front. The town was before. As fast as we collected a batch of eight had given it to him not more than fifteen minutes on fire in various parts, and evidences of sudden or ten prisoners, they were sent back to General flight were abundant, large quantities of quarter- Pope, leaving us free, and we pushed on still master's and commissary stores being partially destroyed. more rapidly. A rattling, faint but decided, announced that some sort of wheels were ahead of the half-dozen incendiaries fled into the swamp. We came to one bridge just set on fire, and Our horses' feet knocked the brands off, and a few minutes later we reached another rotten large bridge, where we rode upon four officers and nineteen men, hard at work piling wood, and with sudden bend at this point, we were on them bea fire alongside all ready. As the road made a fore they could make use of their arms. With

A citizen informed us that the main body of the rebel troops had left about two o'clock in the night, and the rear-guard at daybreak. We pushed on into the square, where we arrived about half-past seven o'clock. General Smith caused guards to be placed over such property as was found, including a quantity of ammunition, and a large iron safe in the hotel; and I sent back

* See General Sherman's Report, p. 151, ante.

us.

Soon after the Captain left me, all the men scattered, and, as the position was very much exposed, I did not do more than ask them to remain. One only, private Henry Pine, company G, Third Kentucky cavalry, remained, and posting ourselves about twenty yards from the second bridge from Corinth, where no one could come to the bridge at all, unless under fire of the soldier's carbine and my double-barrel and revolver, we waited, expecting every second the return of a OCCUPATION OF WILLIAMSBURGH, VA.

large force of our own men to occupy the bridges and adjoining woods, which were full of fugitives.

In this position we remained, perhaps, fifteen minutes, when Pine warned me to get off the edge of the road, which I did promptly. The next instant a shower of grape, fired from some distance, swept the road, and a sound followed, indicating the approach of cavalry. We at once entered the swamp and made our way back to the high ground, half a mile to the rear, where I found Capt. Kendrick, who could obtain no sup