Vaudreuil, succeeds Du Quesne in Can- ada, ii. 420; gives up Quebec, 512; surrenders Montreal (1760), 523. Vaughan, Robert, on Kent Island, Mary- land, i. 167; obtains, for the legisla- ture of Maryland, two branches, 169. Vaughan, William, at Louisburg, ii. 307; storms and takes Fort Clinton on the Hudson, burns Kingston, etc., v. 186. Venango, near Fort Pitt, destroyed by the Indians in Pontiac's war, iii. 45. Vergennes, Count de, opinion of, as to cession of Canada to England (1763), ii. 564, 565; foreign minister under Louis XVI., iv. 40; character of, 40, 41; views of, 97, 98; views sent to, by Garnier, in London, 109; forecast- ings of, 190; admires Virginia's state paper, 203; on the battle of Bunker Hill, 260; on King George's procla- mation (1775), 271; views of, as to English affairs, 280; on the course of the English government, 283, 284; presentiments of, 359, 380; in favor of aiding the Americans, 363; con- siderations," laid before Louis XVI., 364-366; advice to the king in coun- cil, v. 16, 17; paper of, on the course for France to pursue toward the United States, 18-20; on Washing- ton's retreat through New Jersey, 94; interview with Franklin, 127; meets the American commissioners, 128; policy of, toward England, 132-134; insists on Spain deciding to join or not to join, 139; arranges treaty be- tween France and the United States, 244, 245; on subduing the Ameri- cans, 281; active interest of, in Ameri- can affairs, 320-326; sends an agent to Ireland, 341; suggests a league of neutral nations, 346; letter of, to Ge- rard, 440, 441; intercourse of, with Oswald and Grenville, 537-540; de- clines Grenville's proposal, 542; views of, on Oswald's commission, 551, 552; schemes and wishes of, as to the prog- ress of the United States, 562, 563; opens direct negotiations with Shel- burne, 565; letter of, to the French envoy at Philadelphia, 572, 573; mod- eration of, in making peace, vi. 36. Vermont, the territory in dispute (1750),
ii. 361; proposal to annex to New York, iii. 55; unjustly treated, 87; disturbance in, and result, iv. 142, 143; refuses jurisdiction of New York and declares independence (1777), v. 157; convention meets and frames consti- tution, adopts laws, etc., 161, 162; asks for admission into the union as
a free state (1781), not allowed, 408; special provision for admission of, into the union (1787), vi. 324. Vernon, Edward, admiral, captures Por- to Bello and Fort Chagre, ii. 295, 296; attack of, on Carthagena, 296; ill success of, and loss, 296, 297. Verplanck's Point, New York, surren- dered to the British, v. 329. Vincennes, a Canadian hero, ii. 236; death of, 236.
Vincennes, the oldest village in Indi- ana, ii. 186; post at, 225; increase of (1769), iii. 319; how treated, 409; people of, join the United States (1778), v. 311, 312; fort at, taken by Hamilton, 312; retaken by Clark and the backwoodsmen, 313, 314. Virginia, the name given by Queen Eliza- beth, i. 69; first colony of, 85; first charter of, 85, 86; King James's in- terest in, 86; provisions of the char- ter, 86, 87; colonists arrive in, 88; second colony of, 90; failure of the colony, 91; first colony's sufferings, 91, 92; dissensions in, 92; John Smith's administration, 92-96; sec- ond charter, 99; adventurers under, 99; provisions of charter, 100; sad state of affairs in, 100, 101; restora- tion of the colony, 101, 102; martial law in, 102, 103; treatment of the Indians, 104; Spaniards jealous of, 104; the third charter, its important provisions, 104, 105; stability of the colony, 105; Dale's administration, 107; tenure of lands in, 107; Argall in charge of, 109, 110; Yeardley gov- ernor, 108, 110-113; Sir E. Sandys treasurer, Ferrar counsel, 111, 112; emigration of unmarried women to, 115, 116.
First colonial assembly, acts of, i. 112, 113; ordinance securing the lib- erties of Virginia, 117; Wyatt brings free constitution, 118; conditional servitude in, 125; negro slavery in, 126; Wyatt's administration, 126, 127; cotton planted, silk culture at- tempted, etc., 126; religious teaching in, 127; troubles of, with the red men, whites massacred, 127, 128; war for extermination, 128, 129.
King James and the London Com- pany, i. 129, 130; the order to give up the charter refused, 131; commission- ers sent to Virginia, 131, 132; spirit of the people, 132; the assembly's acts of legislation, 132, 133; patents can- celled, 133; Wyatt governor, 133, 134; Charles I. and Virginia, 135;
Yeardley governor, 136; Harvey suc- ceeds, 136, 137; the Puritans invited to Virginia, 136; Harvey impeached, sustained by privy council, 138, 139; Wyatt governor, 139; Berkeley's ad- ministration, 159, 140; course of the legislature, 140, 141; second massa- cre by Indians, 142; prosperity and loyalty of, 143.
The Long Parliament asserts its su- premacy in, i. 143; change in Eng- land's commercial policy, 144-146; Virginia yields to pressure, etc., 146, 147; course pursued by Cromwell to- ward, 148; the assembly claims its rights, 148, 149; Berkeley again elected, 150; inhabitants of, 150, 151; religious liberty for all except Quakers, 151; climate and native at- tractions of, 151; mode of living, hospitality, etc., 152, 153.
The colony badly used by Charles II., i. 365, 452; people of, elections, aristocracy, democracy, etc., 442, 443; servants in, 443; negro slaves, 444; two parties in, 445; royalist assembly in, 446; navigation acts oppressive, 446, 447; persecutions in, 448; reve- nue of, 449; salaries, taxation in, 443; assembly's action, suffrage in, 451; means of education, 451; Virginia given away by Charles II., 452, 453; agents sent to protest against this, 453; the king orders a charter, but recalls the order, 454; the colony in 1674, 455; reform movements in, 456, 457; contests with the Indians, 457, 458; Berkeley's course, consequences, 458; the new assembly and its acts, 460, 461; Bacon's rebellion, 461–464; Jamestown burned, 466; rebels and others from abroad sent to Virginia, 471, 472; despotic measures resisted, 473, 474; movements for union with New England colonies, 474.
Form of government, burgesses, etc. (1689), ii. 17; the church and people, 18-20; disfranchises negroes, mulattoes, and Indians, 256, 257; op- poses the slave-trade, 279, 280; inde- pendent spirit of, 341; condition of (1754), 393, 394; slavery in, 394; supplies troops for Forbes's expedi- tion, 493; opposes the slave-trade, 549; address of, to the king, iii. 92; memorial to the lords, 93; remon- strance to the commons, 93; resolve of, as to the stamp-act, 110; debate on Patrick Henry's resolutions, 111, 112; "rang the alarum bell" (1765), 112; the assembly not allowed to
meet, 120; votes a statue to King George, 213; opposes the slave-trade, 248; the assembly approves of course of Massachusetts, 285; urges on the other colonies to hold liberty firm, 285, 286; claim of, to the West, 320; opposes Stuart and the Cherokee line, 520, 321; western boundary question, 322; resolves of, and circular, 347, 348; the governor dissolves the house, 348; non-importation covenant in, 318-350; the western boundary of, 392; Lord Dunmore governor, 396; protests against the slave-trade, 409, 410; the king orders continuance of the trade, 410; address of, to the king, 411; proposes intercolonial committees, 436, 437; effect of the proposition, 437.
Spirit of the house of burgesses (1774), iv. 16, 17; day of fasting and prayer appointed, 17; the house dis- solved, meets directly after, 17; con- vention called, 18; backwoodsmen of, help Boston, 29, 30; convention of, 34; denounces slavery, 34; decision reached, 35, 36; opposes the Quebec act, 82; Lord Dunmore governor, 82; disobeys the act, 83; the people in West Virginia assert American rights, 83, 89; Presbyterian resolve in council, 100, 101; the assembly prorogued, 108; spirit of West Vir- ginia, 131; conservative character of, dislikes prospect of war, 144; second convention and its acts, 144; P. Henry proposes measures of defence, 144, 145; is opposed by Bland, Har- rison, and others, 145; measures adopted, 145; the people threaten to rise against Dunmore, 146; moderat ing counsels prevail, 147; rising in, Dunmore's course, 179, 180; conven- tion in Richmond, clear and judicious course, 254; money voted, 255; war is begun by Dunmore, 317; effect of burning Norfolk, 321; moves to open the ports of the colonies for free trade, 321; house of burgesses meets and dissolves, 412; constituent con- vention (May, 1776), 412; the people unanimous, 413; instructions to dele- gates, 414; E. Pendleton president, 414; resolutions on independence and confederation, 415; declaration of rights, 416; quoted, 417-419; form of government adopted, 426; gover- nor, privy council, general assembly in two branches, 427; Patrick Henry elected governor, 428.
Declaration of independence re-
ceived (1776), v. 5; the claim on the north-western territory, 14; disestab- lishes the church, 123; prosperity of, 327; raid into, under Matthew, 327, 328; action of the legislature on con- fiscation, poll tax, constitution of government, etc. (1779), 328, 329; forbids the slave-trade, 329; gener- ous help of, for Carolina, 383, 334; antagonism toward New England, 407; permits emancipation, not aboli- tion, 410; receives help from France, 441; asserts state sovereignty, 441, 442; patriotic offers for the union, 453, 454; repeals grant of impost, vi. 63; effect of Washington's letter (1783), 95, 96; views of (1784), 111; disestablishes the church, 155; course of, on the paper-money question, 173- 175; hesitates as to giving congress power over trade, 184, 185; commis- sioners of, to convention at Annapo- lis, Maryland, 185; unanimous action of the assembly, 197, 198; Virginia statesmen against slavery, 262; ac- cepts the ordinance for western lands, with exclusion of slavery, 290, 291; the rights of free negroes in, 291; the legislature discusses and acts on the new constitution, 377-379; views as to the Mississippi river, and rights, 423; state convention on the federal constitution meets, 426; long and earnest debates, strong men on both sides, 426-434; the convention re- fuses conditional ratification, 436; the constitution ratified, 436; the op- position acquiesces, 436, 437; the legislature calls for a second federal convention, 465.
Voltaire, and Frederic of Prussia, ii. 478, 479; predicts revolution, iii. 75; letter of, to D'Alembert, 229; on representative government, iv. 369; friendship of, for America, v. 247; renders homage to Lafayette, 247; scene in the French Academy with Franklin, 256.
Vries, De. See De Vries.
Wabash river, expedition to, v. 310. Waddel, in command against the "regu lators" in Carolina, iii. 400, 401. Wadsworth, James, of Connecticut, in congress, vi. 113; in the state conven- tion, opposes the new constitution, 894, 395; result, 395.
Wadsworth, Captain Joseph, and the charter of Connecticut, i. 588. Wainwright, Simon, of Haverhill, Massa- chusetts, killed by the Indians, ii. 197.
Walcott, of the British army, v. 145; on treating with congress, 146. Waldeck, prince of, offers England six hundred mercenaries, iv. 350. Waldenses, in New Netherland, i. 512. Waldron, R., murdered by the Indians, ii. 178, 179.
Walker, Henderson, governor of North Carolina, ii. 14.
Walker, Sir H., ii. 200; fleet of, wrecked in the St. Lawrence, 202. Walpole, Horatio, auditor - general, ii. 239, 243; receives money illegally, 256; advises coercion of the colonies, 347; on Townshend's instructions, 376.
Walpole, Sir Robert, prime minister of England (1715), ii. 213, 214; charac- ter of, 240, 241; on taxing the colo- nies, 251; opposes war against Spain, 293, 294; resigns, 295; views on stamp-act and revenue, iii. 58, 70. Walton, George, delegate to congress (1776), iv. 391.
Wanton, governor of Rhode Island, calls an assembly, iv. 171. Ward, Artemas, appointed general, iv. 121; at Cambridge, 173; in command around Boston, 209; fears a general action, 219; sends Stark to Prescott's help, 220, 221; dilatory, 223; general orders after the battle of Bunker Hill, 231; elected by congress major-gen- eral, 232; with the centre of the army, 240; in command of a division at Cambridge, 247.
Ward, Nathaniel, furnishes "model" for code of laws in Massachusetts, i. 282.
Warner, Seth, takes Crown Point, iv. 183; lieutenant-colonel of the Green Mountain Boys, 292; attack of, on the British, 296; at Hubbardton, v. 162; retreats, 162, 163; in the battle at Bennington, Vermont, 172. Warren, James, speaker of the Massa- chusetts legislature, iv. 242; Wash- ington's appeal to, v. 318.
Warren, Joseph, "freedom and equali- ty," the new war cry of, iii. 207; in the Massachusetts assembly, 217; let- ter on Bernard, 278; on committee with Samuel Adams, prepares a state- ment of grievances, 421; spirit of, iv. 23; on county congress, 52; fearless, 60; hopeful words of, 90; opinions
of, 122; oration of, at commemora- tion of the Boston massacre, 133, 134; at the British retreat from Con- cord, 165, 166; deprecates war, 184; noble spirit of, 200; letter to Samuel Adams, 203; falls at Bunker Hill, 230; character of, 230, 231. Warren, Sir Peter, admiral, in the expe-
dition against Louisburg, ii. 308, 309. Washington, George, early life and training, ii. 312, 313; envoy to the French on the Ohio, 378, 379; reaches Fort Le Boeuf, 380; toilsome return, 380, 381; lieutenant-colonel, for act- ive service against the French, 381; fight with the French under Jumon- ville, 384, 385; at Great Meadows, capitulates, 385; gives up service through disgust at Braddock's course, 412; one of Braddock's aids, 420; share in the battle at Braddock's de- feat, 423, 424; sympathy and self- sacrifice, 444, 445; praised, but neg- lected, 451; in the expedition under Forbes (1758), 493; commands the advance party, 494, 495; enters Fort Duquesne, 495; honor and praise be- stowed on, elected a burgess, 497; marriage of, 497; at Mount Vernon, 497; opinion of, as to the stamp-act, iii. 146; on the repeal of the stamp- act, 213; views of (1768), 283; at Mount Vernon, sentiments and course of, 344; plan of, for non-importation, 348; on the Ohio, 393.
Spirit and course of (1774), iv. 17, 18; subscription for help, president of Fairfax county convention, 29; opinions of, 34, 35, 143; in congress, 64; letter to British officer, 72; Patrick Henry's opinion of, 78; dele- gate to the second congress, 190; opinions of, 199; elected commander- in-chief by congress, iv. 205; charac- ter of, training, noble qualities, etc., 205-210; knowing the difficulties be- fore him, accepts, 211; pledge to con- gress, 211, 212; letter to his wife, 212, 235; leaves Philadelphia for the army, 235; letter to his brother, 236; reception of, in New York and New England, 236, 237; takes com- mand of the army, 239; begins with reforms, 240; report of, to congress, 243; trying duties, 247; remonstrates with Gage, 249; vexations encoun tered, 250; insists upon an exami- nation into the state of the army, 262; committee of congress visit him and devise plan of relief, 262; sends two battalions overland to Canada
under Benedict Arnold, 297, 298; asks the Canadians to join the Ameri- cans, 298; in favor of declaring inde- pendence, 315; on the destruction of Norfolk, Virginia, 321; difficulties and troubles with army matters, 321, 322; enlists free negroes, 322, 323; lack of money, arms, etc., 323; letter reproving congress as to attack on Boston, 323, 324; fortifies Dorches- ter Heights and Nook Hill, 326, 327, 329; drives the British out of Boston, 329, 330; thanks received from con- gress and people of Boston, 330, 331; sends troops to New York, 330; goes to New York, 376; how served by congress, 377; views as to the con- test with England, 419.
Badly off for troops (June, 1776), iv. 430; deadly plot against, in New York, 430, 431; letter to congress on the condition of the army, 436, 437; letter on Howe's arrival at Sandy Hook, 441; on the riot in New York city, v. 4, 5; refuses letters which are not properly addressed, 7, 8; views of, 8; letter to Governor Trumbull, 25; pain at the loss of troops, 32; inspects the works, 34; resolves to cross the river to New York, 35; se- crecy and success of the movement, 36-38; urges enlistments for the war, 39, 40; letter to congress, 42; activi- ty in retreat from New York, 44–47; pleads for an army, 51; unheeded by congress, 52; on Harlem Heights and vicinity, 65, 66; deplores the inac- tivity and wilfulness of congress, 68, 69; begins to evacuate New York Island, 69, 70; sends corps to White Plains, 70; holds council of war, 70; advises giving up Fort Washington, 75; examines the Highlands on the Hudson, 76; grieves over the loss of Fort Washington and vicinity, 80; troubles and trials of, 81, 82; at New- ark, New Jersey, 82; orders of, to C. Lee disobeyed, 81-84; at Brunswick, 83; at Princeton, 84; prevents the British from crossing the Delaware, 85; is the main hope of the United States, 87.
Plans attack on the enemy (Decem- ber, 1776), v. 90; urges congress to raise troops, 91, 92; crosses the Dela- ware, 97; success of, at Trenton, 98, 99; is authorized to raise troops, 100, 101; extraordinary powers granted to, 101; pledges his fortune, 102; at As- sanpink, 103, 104; retreats at night to Princeton, 105, 106; plans to take
Brunswick, 107; headquarters at Mor- ristown, 108; proclamation of, 109; cavilled at in congress, 110; highly esteemed by R. Morris and others, 109, 110; number of troops in New Jersey, 148; recommends drafting, 148, 149; watches the enemy, Fabian policy suc- cessful, 153, 154; sends Arnold and Lincoln to Schuyler's help, 166; let- ters to New England officers, 166; on Burgoyne's advance, 167; rouses Mas- sachusetts troops, 173; strives for a national army, 174; marches to Wil- mington, Delaware, 175, 176; positions taken, 176; battle of the Brandywine, 177-179; at Chester, report to con- gress, 179; movement blamed by John Adams, 180, 181; sends for Morgan's corps, 181; Gates does not respond, 197; proposes to move on German- town, 193; cause of failure at Ger- mantown, 194, 195; gets news of Burgoyne's surrender, 195; jealousy of congress toward, 197; refuses the "mad enterprise" of attacking Phila- delphia, 209; at Whitemarsh, 209; number of troops, 210; disapproves Conway's promotion, 210; interview with Conway, 211; abused by Reed, Lovell, etc., 211; pitics the troops in winter quarters (1777, 1778), 213; blames Mifflin, 213; makes entreaties for the soldiers, 214; letter to Gordon, 216; dignified course of, 216, 217; letter from Conway, 216, 217; plan of, for drafting troops, 218, 219; dis- approves new staff regulations, 219, 220; differs with congress, 220, 221; letter of, on a standing army (1778), 221.
Opinion of, on propositions of the British commissioners, v. 255, 256; attacks Clinton on retreat through New Jersey, 274-277; gains a victory at Monmouth, 276-278; at White Plains, 286; the hand of Providence recognized, 286, 287; on the state- rights difficulty, etc., 298; in Phila- delphia (1779), 317; letters on efficient government, 318, 319; interview with Gerard, 319, 320; on enlisting slaves in the South, 370; at Morristown, 423; meets committee of congress, 424, 425; has a meeting with the French officers, 432; appeals to Reed, 443; letter to J. Jones, of Georgia, on in- efficiency of congress, 444; letter to George Mason on distress and rem- edy, 449, 450; appeals to France for help, 452; to R. R. Livingston, 453; begs that congress have coer-
cive powers, 455-457; in full control at last, 477; letter commending Gen- eral Greene, 478; orders Steuben to aid Greene, 495; plans Virginia cam- paign, 505, 506; arranges with the French officers, 508, 509; begs troops of New England, 509; at Mount Ver- non, 517; has conference with De Grasse, 518; receives thanks of con- gress, 523; demands Lippincot, 555; makes request to Carleton, 555; re- ply of, to Nicola's letter, 558; on the sufferings of the army, 561; appeal to Virginia statesmen for efficient government, vi. 16, 17; advice to Custis and to Jones, 18, 19; opinions of, on the crisis, 66; appeals to the governor of Virginia, 70; reply to anonymous address, 71; meets officers of the army, 73; result of his action, 75; letter to Hamilton, 76, 77; ad- dress of, to his countrymen, legacy to the people, energy of patriotism, 83- 86; letter, how received in the states, 90-97; takes a northern tour, 101, 102; statue voted to, by congress, 102; adviser to congress at Princeton, New Jersey, 102, 103; address of, to the army, 105; parts with the officers, 106; journey through New Jersey, 107; through Philadelphia, 107; re- signs his commission, 108; returns to Mount Vernon, 109; on commerce with the West, 114; honors decreed to, by Virginia, 114; pleads for a national constitution in letter to Har- rison, 115; tour of, in the West, 125; report to Governor Harrison, 126; negotiates between Virginia and Mary- land, 127, 128; western policy of, 130, 131; inflexible against breach of public faith, 174; in private life, 177; invited to visit France, 177, 178; home of, lands, negroes, etc., 178, 180; hatred of, for war, 181; enjoins moderation on Lafayette at beginning of French revolution, 182; meeting of commissioners at his house, 182, 183; on the importance of the union to the republic, 184.
Is chosen delegate to the federal convention, vi. 198; makes prepara- tion for, 203; goes to Philadelphia, 208; chosen president of the conven- tion, 211; influence of, in the conven- tion, 276; praises colony in Ohio, 290; proposes amendment to the con- stitution, 366; meditations on the result, 367; efforts of, in Virginia in favor of the constitution, 375, 376; wins over Randolph, 377; hope and
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