urged to lower English pride and
power, 242; announces to England
treaty with the United States, 248,
249; receives the American commis-
sioners, 250; not pleased or satisfied,
250, 251; frees the crown serfs, 404;
receives news of the victory at York-
town, 523; invites Washington to
visit France, vi. 177.
Louisburg, fortress at, key of the St.
Lawrence, ii. 305; New England re-
solves to conquer, 305; expedition
against, 305, 306; strength of the
place, 307; siege of, 308; surrender
of the French, 309; siege and capture
of (1758), by the English under Wolfe,
485.
Louisiana, expedition to, by Iberville, ii.
187; possession of, taken, 188; slow
progress of, 190, 191; boundary of,
224; granted to Crozat, 225, 226;
Cadillac, governor of, 226; John Law
and the Mississippi Company, 227-
232; condition of, in 1740, 237; given
up by Spain to France (1764), iii. 75;
affairs in New Orleans, 316; Spanish
government expelled, 316-318; con-
dition of affairs, 352; landing of
O'Reilly and army, 353; arrests of
the French, 353; trials and execu-
tions, 354; population of New Or-
leans and Mississippi valley, 354.
Loughborough, Lord. See Wedder-

burn.

Lovelace, Lord, succeeds Nicolls in New
York, i. 524; course of, as governor
of New York, ii. 43, 44.
Lovell of Massachusetts, and Gates, v.
149; letter to Gates, abusing Wash-
ington, 211.

Lovett, Christopher, i. 217.
Lovewell, John, Indian fighter, ii. 220.
Low, Isaac, iv. 10; nominated for con-
gress, 31.

Lowndes, R., of South Carolina, treat-
ment of, iii. 403; president of South
Carolina, v. 288; superseded by Rut-
ledge, 368; submits to Cornwallis,
393; debate in South Carolina assem-
bly, 415; bitterly opposes the federal
constitution, favors a southern con-
federacy, etc., 415-419.

Loyalists, or tories, expectations of, iv.
123, 124; in Boston, mean behavior
of, 172; in North Carolina, v. 491;
in South Carolina, 502; question of
indemnity and compensation for,
Franklin opposed, 570; Jay and
Adams agree to validity of debts con-
tracted before the war, 574, 575;
final arrangement, 578, 579; forced

emigration of, vi. 101; compensated
by parliament, 101.

Ludwell, Philip, in South Carolina, ii.

10.

Luther, Martin, influence and tenets of,
i. 177, 178, 181, 199, 607; ii. 403,
404.

Luttrell, H. T., praises the Americans,
iv. 129.

Luzerne, on reforming the articles of
confederation, v. 508; letters to, from
Vergennes, explaining his policy for
America, 572, 577; reports to Ver-
gennes, vi. 20.

Lygonia, in Maine, i. 220, 221; united
to Massachusetts, 299, 300.
Lyman, Phinehas, general of New Eng-
land troops, ii. 435; bravery of, 437,
438.

Lynch, Thomas, in congress at New
York, iii. 149, 154; on property in
slaves, v. 12.

Lyttelton, Sir George, in parliament, ii.
409; chancellor of the exchequer,
417; favors taxing America, iii. 188;
protests against repeal of stamp-act,
210, 211.

Lyttelton, Richard, governor of South
Carolina, rouses the enmity of the
Cherokees, ii. 513, 514; duplicity and
perfidy of, 515, 517; praised by the
board of trade, 518; transferred to
Jamaica, 518; in parliament, re-
proaches Lord Chatham, iv. 105; on
the negroes and their uses in South
Carolina, 282.

M.

McCall and his Georgians, with Morgan,
v. 480.
McClary, Andrew, killed at battle of
Bunker Hill, iv. 230.
Maccrea, Jane, murder of, v. 164.
McCulloh, in North Carolina, iii. 51.
Macdaniel, killed at Fort Moultrie, iv.
406, 407.

Macdonald, Donald, and Highlanders, iv.
386, 387.

Macdonald, Flora, iv. 386.
Macdonell, and the savages on the Sus-
quehannah, v. 332.

Macdougall, "Son of Liberty," in New
York, iii. 370; moves for association
for aid and defence, iv. 176, 177;
superintends embarkation of troops
from Brooklyn, v. 36, 37; in battle
at Chatterton Hill, 74; Washington's
letter to, 102; at Germantown, 193,
194; on the committee from the army
to congress, vi. 59, 61.

Macdowell, with the North Carolina

militia, v. 396, 397.
McHenry, in the federal convention, vi.
306; answers Luther Martin before
the Maryland assembly, 410.
Machias, Maine, vessels seized by the
people of (1775), iv. 184.
Mackean, in Philadelphia, iv. 422;
president of Pennsylvania conference,
432, 433; in the state convention,
supports the federal constitution, vi.
382, 388, 390.

Mackinaw, a mission station and centre
of fur-trade of Lower Canada, ii. 163;
loss of fort at, in Pontiac's war, iii.
45; massacre by the Indians, 45.
Maclaine, A., in North Carolina state
convention on the federal constitu-
tion, vi. 461.

Maclelland, sufferings and death of, in
Canada expedition, iv. 300.
Macleod, Donald, and the Highlanders,
iv. 387; death of, 389, 390.
Macpherson, death of, at assault on
Quebec, iv. 308.

Madison, James, ii. 395; iv. 180; in

the Virginia convention, 415; amend-
ment on religious freedom offered by,
and adopted, 417; course in congress,
v. 453, 455; report to congress on
coercive powers, 457; on collecting
revenue, 508; course of, on the reve-
nue question, vi. 63-65; plan for
revenue (1783), 79; retires from con-
gress by rule of rotation, 105; urges
national measures, 121, 122; letter
to R. H. Lee, 124; opposes support
of religion by the state, 156, 157; on
the evils of paper money, 174-176;
wise course of, 183, 185; author of
the declaratory preamble of the Vir-
ginia legislature, 197, 198; chosen
delegate to the federal convention,
198; prepares outline of federal con-
stitution, 202; principles of, 202,
203; in the convention, 208, 216-
218, 220, 222; on term of senators,
245; opposes Ellsworth, 251, 252;
on the committee's report, 256; on
standard of representation, 265; ela-
borate speech in convention, 268;
on national and state legislation, 271;
jurisdiction of federal courts, 272;
on distribution of representatives,
294, 295; on qualifications of mem-
bers of congress, 295; on property
qualification, 298; decides question
against paper money, 303; on inter-
ference with contracts, 305, 306;
propositions offered, 312; views on
election of president,time of office,

etc., 328-330; on treaty power, im-
peachment, etc, 345, 346; desires
judiciary to have veto power, 348; on
establishing a university, 361; on the
pardoning power, 362; on amend-
ments, 363; approves Massachusetts
policy, 406; convention called on the
federal constitution (1787), 410; meets
(1788), 411; conduct of enemies and
friends of federal government, 412;
constitution ratified without amend-
ments proposed, 413; no disposition
toward a separate confederacy, 413;
in the state convention earnestly and
vigorously supports the federal con-
stitution, 426-436; letter to Hamil-
ton on conditional ratification of the
constitution, 459; elected to the house
of representatives, 467; forebodings,
468; speech on protection, 468, 469.
Magaw, Colonel, with Washington, v.
37; in command at Fort Washington,
75, 76; summoned to surrender, 77;
battle on the heights, 78; Hessians
advance, Americans beaten, surren-
ders, 79, 80.

Maine, early French attempts in, i. 19;
visited by Pring and Waymouth, 81,
82; Argall's attack on Mount Desert
Isle, 105, 106; patent for Laconia,
217; Gorges invites the Scotch to colo-
nize in, 218, 219; united with Massa-
chusetts, 300; Indian war in, 394;
purchased by Massachusetts, 397;
given up by Massachusetts, 404:
French and Indian warfare in, ii. 182,
183; maritime enterprise of, 221;
joins Massachusetts in ratifying the
federal constitution, vi. 405, 406;
encroachments of England upon, 463.
Malcolm, Daniel, a Boston patriot, iii.
231; arrested, 315.

Malesherbes and Louis XV., iii. 417,
418; exiled, 418; under Louis XVI.
in the department of Paris and the
police, iv. 41; in favor of a peace
policy, 364; retires, 369; appreciates
Franklin, v. 252.

Mambré, Z., missionary among the In-
dians, ii. 99.

Mandamus councillors, in Massachusetts,
appointed by the king, iv. 20; give
way and resign, 49, 56.
Manhattan Island (New York), purchased
from the Indians, i. 495, 496; popu
lation of (1628), 496; progress of set-
tlement under Stuyvesant, 511. See
New Netherland and New York.
Manigault, Judith, a Huguenot, sad ex-
periences of, in Carolina, i. 433; no-
ble conduct of her son, 434.

Manigault, Pierre, husband of Judith, i.

433.

Manly, John, and the pine-tree flag, iv.
321.

Mansfield (William Murray), earl of,
chief adviser of the crown, ii. 338,
339; of the Whig party, 410; on
the difference between English and
Americans, 447, 448; on free ships
and free goods, 450; lord chief jus-
tice, 457; opinion on the acts of the
Pennsylvania assembly (1760), 529,
530; on James Otis, iii. 82; speech
in house of lords, 190-194; reiterates
right and power of parliament, 209,
210; on the folly of the Americans,
247; advises to crush Boston, 301;
reply to Chatham, 365; on freedom
of the slave in England, 411, 412;
advocates Boston port bill, 475; also,
the taking away Massachusetts char-
ter, 477; on Lord North's proposition,
iv. 119, 120; supports North's meas-
ures, 288; ridicules idea of suspend-
ing hostilities, 329; unmoved, sees
Chatham stricken down, v. 254.
Manteo, an Indian in Carolina, i. 70;
baptized, and made lord of Roanoke,
76.
Manufactures, American, laws against
(1700), ii. 81; restricted (1721), 241,
242; further restrictions (1750), 356,
357; still further restrictions (1765),
iii. 71, 108, 117; home manufactures,
198; non-importation agreement, 159,
264; American, preferred in Massa-
chusetts, 277; congress wish to fos-
ter, v. 560; in Pennsylvania, vi. 135;
on management of, 307; in New
York, 455; in congress debate on
protection, manufactures, etc., 468.
Marblehead, Massachusetts, response to
Boston, iii. 426; offers use of harbor,
etc., to Boston (1774), iv. 24, 25;
fishermen of, at the crossing of the
Delaware (1776), v. 96.

Marbois, on affairs in the United States
(1784), vi. 124.

Marest, Jesuit missionary, ii. 186.
Marie Antoinette, queen of France, iv.
38; friend to the United States, v.
242;
receives the American commis-
sioners, 250; spirit and purpose of,
267, 268; regard of Americans for,
327; with Louis XVI., invites Wash-
ington to visit France, vi. 177.
Marion, Francis, ii. 517, 550; with
Moultrie, iv. 403; ever brave and
active, v. 394; alert against the ene-
my, 401; humanity of, and success,
402, 478; active service in South

Carolina, 498-501; at battle of Eu-
taw Springs, 503.

Markham, archbishop of York, on colo-
nial liberty, v. 143, 144, 224.
Markham, William, goes to Pennsylva-
nia, i. 554, 556, 557; ii. 28; gov
ernor of Delaware, ii. 25; governor
of Pennsylvania (1695), 28.
Marquette, James, missionary among
the Ojibwas in Michigan, ii. 152; life
of missionaries, 152, 153; purposes
to discover the Mississippi river, 153;
with Jolliet, reaches the Wisconsin
river, 155; enters the Mississippi,
156; first to tread the soil of Iowa,
156; descends below the mouth of
the Arkansas river, 157, 158; on re-
turn, enters the Illinois river, 158;
death of, and character, 159.
Marshall, Christopher, views of, iv. 433.
Marshall, John, iv. 319; in Virginia
legislature (1787), in favor of con-
vention for new constitution of the
United States, vi. 378; defends the
constitution in state convention, 429,
430.

Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, raid
of British on, v. 286.

Martin, J., royal governor of North
Carolina, iv. 198; flees to a ship-of-
war, 259; gets arms from Dunmore,
320; offers to subdue the province,
382; raises a regiment of Highland-
ers, 386; proclamation of, 386, 387;
burns the house of Hooper, a dele-
gate to congress, 397, 398; in New
York, v. 27.

Martin, Luther, of Maryland, in the fed-

eral convention, vi. 225, 233, 239; on
the paper money question, 303; on
subduing rebellion, 311; on treason,
314; on the slave-trade, 316; ar-
raigns the federal convention before
the assembly of Maryland, 410.
Martinique, conquest of, by Rodney and
Monckton (1762), ii. 555.
Maryland, named after Queen Henrietta
Maria, i. 157; George Calvert obtains
charter for, north of the Potomac, 157;
provisions of charter, 157, 158; Vir-
ginia opposed to new colony, 159;
company of adventurers explore Po-
tomac and plant St. Mary's, 160;
liberty of conscience and toleration,
161, 162; legislative rights, 162;
popular assemblies and English liber-
ties, 163, 165; Lord Baltimore's offers
to the Puritans, 165; pre-emption
right, 165, 166; trouble with the In-
dians, 165; disputes between Roman
Catholics and Protestants, 166, 167;

Protestant governor appointed, 167;
oath and law for religious liberty,
168; civil rights secured, 169; dis-
puted administration, 170.

Under Long Parliament and Crom-
well, 170-172; Protestants take pos-
session of the government, 173; af-
fray and loss of life, 173, 174; strug-
gle for power, 174; popular sover-
eignty prevails, 175, 176; after res-
toration of Charles II., a refuge for
the oppressed, etc., 437; compromise
as to taxation, 438; laws revised, no
convicts to be imported, 439; popu-
lar discontent, restriction of suffrage,
439; sectarian struggles, 440; Prot-
estants in power, Roman Catholics
disfranchised, 440; charter threat-
ened, 440, 441; high tory notions,
441; revolution under Coode, 441.

แ

The Protestant association, i.
441; ii. 20, 21; Lord Baltimore dis-
franchised, 21, 22; Church of Eng-
land established, 21, 22; a royal
province, 21; progress and popula-
tion of, 22, 23; the proprietary re-
stored on becoming a Protestant, 23;
the people restless and excited, 257,
258; condition of (1754), 395; raises
troops for expedition of Forbes, 492;
reproved for disobedience, 557.

Not ready for a congress (1765), iii.
120; favors a congress, 147; chooses
delegates to continental congress
(1774), iv. 24; contributes to help
Boston, 28, 29; punishes importers of
tea, 71; action of convention, 89;
spirit of (1775), 179; firm and reso-
lute, 252; throws off proprietary con-
trol, 252, 253; convention at An-
napolis, 253; votes men and money,
253; hesitates to separate from the
mother country, 315; course pursued
as to independence, 419; constituent
convention and action, 434; declara-
tion of independence, how received
(1776), v. 3; point of, as to north-
western lands (1778), 233, 281; rati-
fies articles of confederation and union
(1781), 454; the legislature on Wash-
ington's letter, vi. 96, 97; proposes
reform in the confederation, 136;
laws as to paper money, 172; sug-
gests a politico-commercial conven-
tion, 181; against the slave-trade,
316; Washington in Baltimore, 470.
Mascoutins, Indians, ii 95, 155.
Mason and Dixon's line, i. 570.
Mason, George, address to legislature of
Virginia on slavery, iii. 413, 414; in-
fluence of (1774), iv. 17; resolutions

of, 29; in convention at Richmond
(1775), 255; in Virginia constituent
convention, 415; able and energetic,
drafts declaration of rights, 416; let-
ter of Washington to, v. 318, 319,
449, 450; on Washington's letter, vi.
96; in the federal convention, 208,
217, 218, 220, 221, 224; speech of,
on legislature of two branches, 242,
243; on compromise, 256; on slavery,
262; on slave representation, 264,
265; on property qualifications, 271;
on ratification of the constitution, 273;
on qualification of members of con-
gress, 295; on electors, 297; views as
to paper money, 302; on encourage-
ment of manufactures, 307; on the
militia, 312, 313; on treason, free
trade, etc., 314, 316; on the "infer-
nal traffic," 317; on the doom of
slavery, 321, 822; on the mode of
electing president of the United States,
term of office, etc., 327, 328, 332; on
the electoral college, 335-337; re-
fuses to sign the constitution, 364,
365; objections of, to the constitu-
tion, 376; in Virginia state conven-
tion vigorously opposes the federal
constitution, 426-435; rather sore at
the result, 437.

Mason, John, patents obtained by, i.
217, 218; proprietary of New Hamp-
shire, and death of, 276; claim re-
vived, 397-399.

Mason, John, commander in the war
against the Pequods, i. 266-268.
Mason, Robert, looks after his rights in
New Hampshire, i. 395, 398.
Mason, Thomas, of Virginia, the great
lawyer, on wrongs done to Boston,
iv. 35.

Mass, Roman Catholic, first celebrated
in Maryland, i. 161.
Massachusetts, company in England
buy territory of Plymouth Company,
i. 222, 223; charter confirmed by the
king, 224; principles of government,
224-226; emigration, 226, 227; in-
dependency in religion, 228; banish-
ment of Episcopalians, 228, 229;
charter transferred to Massachusetts,
231, 232; Winthrop and company's
farewell to England, 234, 235; char-
acter and object of the company, 235,
236; arrival at Salem, 236; settle-
ment at Charlestown, Boston, Rox-
bury, etc., 237; ecclesiastical arrange-
ments, 238; civil government, 239;
severities of autumn and winter, 239,
240; arrival of supplies, 241.

Oath of fidelity, qualifications for

suffrage (1631), 243, 244; annual
election, 244; friendly relations with
the Indians, 244; fellowship with
Pilgrims at Plymouth, 244, 245; ar-
rival of emigrants, 245; written con-
stitution demanded, 247; dispute as
to powers of assistants and deputies,
248; religion the bond of the colonists,
248; religious divisions, 259, 260.

Ill repute in England (1633), 273,
274; charter demanded, quo war-
ranto, 274, 275; persecution adds
numbers to the colony, 276, 277;
talk of independence, 278; growth
and strength, 280, 281; declines
treating with Long Parliament, 281;
"body of liberties," provisions of,
282-284; towns and town-meetings,
285, 286; ministers, how chosen,
286; land, how held, 286, 287; re-
fuses allegiance to King Charles I.,
288.

Progress of civil liberty (1644),
301; strength of the government,
302; parties on powers of magis-
trates and of people, 302, 303; Pres-
byterian effort, 304, 305; general
court and synod, 306; remonstrance
to parliament, 307, 308; appeal and
answer, 308: "platform of church
discipline," 308, 309; dispute as to
war against New Amsterdam, 309;
Cromwell's course, 310; intolerance
and persecution, 311, 312; free schools
and college, 315.

Course pursued on restoration of
Charles II., 356; address to the king,
etc., 367; precautionary measures,
371, 372; royal commissioners worst-
ed, 377, 378; complaint to the king,
378; debate in general court, 379;
Maine retaken, 380; privy council's
course, 380, 381; prosperity, 382;
towns burned by the Indians, 391;
schemes against the charter, 395;
agents sent to England, 396; Maine
purchased, 397; British monopoly,
401; quo warranto against charter,
402; synod and general court, 402,
403; proposal of committee on plan-
tations, 403; long debate on surren-
der of charter, 404-406; adjudged to
be forfeited, 406; all power in the
crown, 407.

Revolution in 1689, i. 598; new
general court, 600; course pursued
after the revolution of 1688, ii. 50, 51;
witchcraft believed in, penalty death,
51; Cotton Mather active in the mat-
ter, 52, 53; William III. and new
charter, 54, 55; toleration established,

55, 56; territory of, increased, 56;
witchcraft craze, 51-56; change of
opinion respecting witchcraft, 67; new
government, 68; refuses to vote salary
to the governor, 68, 69; issues bills of
credit, 181, 182; disasters and sor-
rows from the French and Indians,
195-198; bounty offered on scalps,
198; war against the eastern Indians,
219-221; resists Shute, 246; explana-
tory charter, 250, 251; rebuked by
the house of commons, 252; inde-
pendent spirit of (1748), 341, 342;
adopts metallic currency, 348; im-
poses tax to meet war expenses, 483;
angry at Hutchinson's appointment,

532.

Spirit of the assembly (1764), iii.
90; censured for disrespect, 94;
events in, 217; action of general
court, 233, 234; disputes the billet-
ing of troops, 239; the assembly
plans resistance, 272; letter of in-
structions to agents, 273; petition to
the king, 274, 275; circular of, to the
other colonies, 275, 276; commis-
sioners of revenue send memorial to
England, 276, 277; importations dis-
couraged, 277; Hillsborough demands
resolves of, to be rescinded, 293;
sympathy of other colonies with, 293,
294; without a legislature, 307; a
convention summoned, 308; meets,
310; firmness of the council, 310,311;
six days' session of the convention, and
action, 311; commissioners of reve-
nue return to, 314; Bernard keeps
up a ferment in, 331, 332; denounces
Bernard, 343; ten months without an
assembly, 348; refuses Bernard's de-
mands, 350; the assembly prorogued,
368; asserts its rights, 380; charter
violated by the king, 388, 389; the
assembly protests against interfer-
ence, 404; rates Hutchinson for veto-
ing the tax bill, 405; protests against
the civil list, 415, 416; town-meetings
and correspondence of (1772), 426,
427; spirit of the country people,
429; towns continue to meet (1773),
431, 432; answer of the assembly to
Hutchinson, 432-434; encouraged by
Virginia, 487; thanks returned to
Virginia, 440; action of the legisla-
ture on Hutchinson's letters, 440, 441;
asks for his removal, 441; the towns
speak out, 442; secret circular sent to
all the colonies to resist tea importa-
tion, 445, 446; the towns join with
Boston, 450-453; votes the judges'
salaries, 468.