Johnston, Colonel, of New Jersey, v.
Johnston, Samuel, iv. 258-260; gover- nor of North Carolina, president of state convention on the federal con- stitution, vi. 461.
Johnstone, George, one of Lord North's commissioners to America, v. 272; savage spirit of, 287.
"Join or Die," motto of New York paper, iii. 148; effect of, 163. Jolliet, Louis, Jesuit missionary among the Hurons, ii. 141; martyrdom of, 142, 143.
Joncaire, Indian agent, ii. 223. Jones, John Paul, officer in United States navy, v. 51; victory over the Serapis (1779), 350, 351; enters the Texel, a neutral port, 351. Jones, Joseph, of King George county, Virginia, in congress, letter to Wash- ington, v. 444, 445; Washington's advice to, vi. 18, 19; letter to Wash- ington, 74; course of, in the Virginia legislature, 96.
Jones, Noble W., speaker of Georgia assembly, iii. 408; with Habersham, Telfair, and others, opens the king's magazine and takes powder (1775), iv. 181.
Jones, Samuel, in New York state con- vention on the federal constitution, v. 456; moves the ratification with hopes of amendments, 459, 460. Jones, William, of Maine, in Massachu- setts state convention on the federal constitution, objections of, vi. 399. Jones, Willie, leads opposition in North Carolina state convention on the fed- eral constitution, vi. 461, 462; caused convention to adjourn without action, 462.
Joseph II. of Austria, and Maria The- resa, hope that America will soon be subdued, iv. 424; opposed to success of United States, v. 133; Kaunitz's report to, 470; wishes and hopes, 474; desires a treaty with the United States (1783), vi. 55; condition and prospects of people under (1789), 473. Joseph, William, a tory president," convenes the Maryland assembly (1688), i. 441; ii. 20, 21; address of, to the assembly, i. 441. Josselyn, on slow progress in New Hampshire (1638), i. 218. Joutel, H., historian of La Salle's expe- dition, ii. 170, 174, 186. Judiciary, in colonies, to hold at the
king's pleasure (1763), ii. 557. Judiciary, under the federal constitution,
vi. 223, 224, 348-350. See Constitu tion of the United States. Jumonville, in command of the French at Great Meadows (1754), killed in battle, ii. 384, 385.
Junius, quoted, iii. 363.
Jury, trial by, in Virginia (1621), i. 118.
Kalb, John, sent by Choiseul to Ameri- ca, iii. 247; views of, 278, 279; of- fers to serve in the American army (1776), v. 126; arrives in Philadel- phia, 174; with Lafayette at Albany, 215; sent to the South by Washing- ton, 383; with General Gates, 385; in the battle of Camden, South Caro- lina, 387-389; dies of wounds re- ceived, 389; monument voted to by congress, 389.
Kahn, Peter, a Swedish traveller, views
of, as to American independence (1748), ii. 310, 311.
Kames, Lord, opinion as to political union of the American colonies (1774), iv. 51.
Kanawha valley, explored (1670), i. 452. Kant, J., German philosopher, friendly to the United States, v. 230, 231. Kaskaskia, Illinois, French mission at, ii. 187; Indians submit to the Eng- lish, iii. 151; population of (1769), 319; taken by Clark (1778), v. 311; petition of, for government (1786), vi. 280, 281.
Kaunitz, Austrian minister, v. 240, 338; plans for mediation of Austria, 468; ill success of, 470.
Keith, George, schism of, in Pennsylvania (1691), ii. 25; an early abolitionist,
Keith, Sir William, ii. 246; governor of Pennsylvania, advice to govern- ment as to stamp duties in the colo- nies, 264.
Keith, British minister at Vienna, iv.
Kemp, Richard, Berkeley's substitute in Virginia, i. 142.
Kennebec river, entered by Gilbert, i. 90; end of Virginia colony on, 91; mission to the Indians on, ii. 144; English settlement on, attacked by the Indians, 219.
Kennedy, a royalist in New York, mem- ber of the council (1750), ii. 357; ad- vises a gentle land-tax," 383. Kennedy, Joseph, of North Carolina, iv 198.
Kent, Isle of, occupied by Clayborne, i. 155; title assigned to Lord Baltimore, 163; taken by Leonard Calvert, 167. Kentucky, spirit of (1775), iv. 131;
settlements in, 194, 195; independent spirit of, 195-197; action of Meck- lenburg county, 196-198; increase and prowess of the people, v. 315; specious offers of Spanish agent to, vi. 463.
Kentucky, a county of Virginia, v. 309. Keppel, Admiral, objects to serve against Americans, iv. 186; incapa- ble, v. 302, 303.
Kichline, of Pennsylvania, on Long Island, New York, v. 30. Kickapoos, Indians, ii. 94, 155.
Kidd, William, hanged for piracy, ii. 40. Kieft, William, governor of New Nether- land, i. 501; barbarous policy toward the Indians, 504-506; lost at sea, 507.
King, Rufus, revives Jefferson's anti- slavery clause, vi. 132; report to con- gress on (1785), 132, 133; joins Gerry against desire of Massachusetts for enlarging powers of congress, etc., 146, 147; speech to legislature of Massachusetts on the action of An- napolis convention, 196, 197; con- ciliatory movement in congress, 199; in the federal convention, 223, 239; on the committee of five, 257; op- posed to slave representation, 265, 266; course in congress (1786), 278, 279; sent by congress to the legisla- ture of Pennsylvania, 281; service of, in congress, 285, 288, 290; on slave representation, 299; on state interference with contracts, 305; in Massachusetts state convention on the federal constitution, 396; ex- plains the constitution, 399; elected in New York United States senator, 467.
King's Mountain, South Carolina, Ameri-
cans victorious at, v. 398-400; in- spiriting effect of victory, 400.
Kinsey of New Jersey, v. 7.
Kirk, Sir David, takes Quebec, i. 219, 220.
Kirkland, Samuel, missionary among the Mohawks, iv. 148.
Kittaning, Pennsylvania, fight at, with the Indians, ii. 454, 455. Klopstock, F. T., German poet, v. 231. Knowles, Sir Charles, tries impressment
of seamen in Boston (1747), ii. 311; result of his action, 311, 341. Knowlton, Thomas, of Ashford, iv. 215; on Breed's Hill, 218, 219, 222; mor-
tally wounded in skirmish near New York city, v. 47.
Knox, Henry, reply to Dickinson's "Farmer's Letters," iii. 336; plans works round Roxbury, Massachusetts, iv. 240; colonel of artillery, v. 24; in New England to raise troops, 451, 452; letter from and to G. Morris, vi. 67, 68; aids Washington's plans for the army, 73.
Knox, James, western adventures of, iii. 393, 394.
Knox, William, agent of Georgia (1763), favors stamp-tax, iii. 58. Knyphausen, general of Hessian mer- cenaries, iv. 355; at New Rochelle, New York, v. 72, 75; at taking of Fort Washington, 79, 80; in the ex- pedition against Philadelphia, 176, 177; in command in New York (1779), 375; raises regiments of loy alists or tories, 423.
Kosciuszko, Thaddeus, a Pole, joins the American cause, v. 150; orders to, by Gates, 150, 182; constructs fortifica- tions at West Point, New York, 432; with General Greene in the South, 479, 501; honor given to, by con- gress, vi. 104.
Laconia, in Maine, Gorges and Mason's patent for, i. 217.
La Corne, French partisan warrior, ii. 358, 359; among the Indians in the North-west, iv. 148; fierce fighter, v.
Lafayette, Gilbert Motier de, how first won for America, iv. 189; ardent re- solve of, v. 21; prepares to leave for America, 126, 127; sails for the United States, 132, 133; arrives, and is appointed major-general, 174; in battle, 178; wounded, 179; efforts to alienate him from Washington, 215; true to the commander-in-chief, 215; expedition to Canada offered to, goes to Albany, 215; on the effect in France of the declaration of inde- pendence, 269; gallant conduct of, at Monmouth, 274-277; sent to Rhode Island, 285; in France, at Versailles, 306; urges sending troops to the United States, 426; begs help of Ver- gennes, 452; sent by Washington to Virginia, 506; generosity of, to the troops, 506; active, watchful, self- possessed, 511; urges Washington to come in force to Virginia, 512; sends
to Maurepas and Vergennes auguries of success, 515; share in the decisive victory at Yorktown, 523; ever faith- ful to America, vi. 32; visits the United States again, 127.
La Galissonière, governor-general of Canada, ii. 337; goes to France, 346; advice of, 361.
La Jonquière, governor-general of Cana- da, ii. 346, 347; movements of, 358, 359.
Lallemand, a Jesuit missionary, mar- tyred, ii. 145, 146.
La Loutre, missionary in Nova Scotia, ii. 344; stirs up the Indians against the English, 346; burns a church, 358. Lamb, John, captain of artillery, iv. 295; collector of New York custom- house, vi. 454.
Lamberville, missionary among the Iro- quois, i. 589.
Lancaster, Massachusetts, Indian massa- cre at, i. 391, 392. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, treaty with the Six Nations at, ii. 303. Landgraves, in Carolina, i. 418, 419. Land-tax and poll-tax, urged by Din- widdie for the Old Dominion, ii. 443. Lane, Ralph, goes out as governor of Raleigh's colony, i. 71; explorations and views of, 72-74; returns to Eng- land, 75.
Langdon, John, of New Hampshire, iii. 293; supports the new federal consti- tution, vi. 400, 409; elected president of the senate in the first federal con- gress (1789), 467.
Lansing, appointed delegate by New
York to the federal convention, vi. 200, 232, 242, 243; leaves the con- vention, 259, 260; in the state con- vention opposes the constitution, 456, 458-460.
La Roche, Marquis de, attempts coloni- zation, i. 18.
La Salle, R. C. de, early career, ii. 159, 160; employed by Frontenac, 160; returns to France, and obtains a royal grant, 161; further grant, 162; in Niagara river and on the lakes, 163; embarrassments, 165; descends the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, 167; takes possession of the country for France, 168; goes again to France, 168, 169; proposition of, to conquer and colonize accepted, 169; misses the mouth of the Mississippi, 171; occupies Texas, 172; excursions by, 172, 173; starts for Canada, 173; murdered by Duhaut, 174; character and merits of, 174.
Las Casas, suggests using negro slaves in Hispaniola (1517), i. 124. Laud, archbishop of Canterbury, head of commission for regulating the American colonies (1634), i. 274; course pursued, 274, 275. Laudonnière, leads colony to Florida, i. 52; sad fate of the colony, 52-56. Laurens, Henry, of South Carolina, ii. 550; president of the provincial con- gress (1775), iv. 180; reluctant to proclaim independence, 393; vice- president of South Carolina under its new constitution, 395; letter sent to, in disparagement of Washington, how treated, v. 215; resigns presi- dency of congress, 293; favors enlist- ing the slaves, 370; prisoner in Eng- land, 527; goes to the Hague, 536; in Paris with the commissioners for peace, 578, 579; has clause inserted in convention as to "negroes and other property," 579, 580.
Laurens, John, the younger, son of Henry, aid and interpreter to Count D'Estaing, v. 285; wishes to enlist slaves, 369, 370; sent to France to beg help, 452; mortally wounded at Combahee ferry, 556.
Lauzun, Duke de, defeats Tarleton's legion, v. 519.
Law, John, and the Mississippi Com- pany, ii. 227; grand credit scheme, 227, 228; Law's bank becomes the Bank of France, 229; wild extrava- gance and recklessness, 229-231; downfall of, 231.
Lawrence, lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, ii. 419.
Lawrence of New York, debates on pro- tection in the first federal congress (1789), vi. 468.
Lawson, surveyor-general of North Caro- lina, ii. 203; death of, 204. "League and Covenant," in Boston, iv. 21; suspends all trade with England, 21, 22; subscribers to, in Plymouth,
Learned, General, v. 184, 188. Leddra, W., a Quaker, hanged, i. 315. Ledyard, Colonel, murdered by Brom-
field, a British officer, at Fort Gris- wold, Connecticut, v. 507.
Lee, Arthur, with R. Penn, in London, iv. 270, 271; interview with Beau- marchais, 361; ordered to get the views of foreign powers as to Ameri- ca, 362; receives promise of help in money from France, 371; one of the commissioners to France, v. 50; min- ister to Spain, meets Grimaldi, 136,
137; visits Frederic of Prussia, 239, 240; papers of, stolen, 240; tries to supplant Franklin, 252; in congress, debate on the revenue question, vi. 64; opposes Madison, 69.
Lee, Charles, comes to America, iv. 48; elected by congress major-general, 232; unprincipled in character, 233, 234; attempts negotiation with Bur- goyne, 241; in New York, conceited, overbearing, etc., 383, 384; appointed to command troops in the South, 385; at Charleston, tries to interfere, to no good, 399, 400; petulant, wishes Fort Moultrie evacuated, refuses Moultrie powder, etc., 400-407; praises the victors after the battle, 410; extorts money, v. 61; on a border expedi- tion, 61, 62; returns to the North, 62; expected in camp, 66; character and views, 66, 67; wishes to nego- tiate with Howe, 68; orders from Washington, how received, 76; re- fuses to obey Washington's orders, 81-84; eager to displace the com- mander-in-chief, 84-86; foolhardy, taken prisoner, 86, 87; letters to Rush, Morris, etc., 145; treason of, 146; Yorke's opinion of, 146; ex- changed, 146, 155; second in com- mand, disobedient and treacherous, 274-276; court - martialed, found guilty, censured by congress (1780), 277, 278; death of, in disgrace, 278. Lee, Francis, delegate to congress, iv. 255.
Lee, Major II., takes Paulus Hook (Jer- sey City), v. 331, 332; ordered to the South, 383; colonel of cavalry legion, 477, 478; defeats the Tories, 491; at battle of Guilford Court-House, 492, 493; at the taking of Augusta, Geor- gia, 500; in congress, favors the new constitution, vi. 373; in Virginia state convention, supports the constitution, 436.
Lee, R. H., of Virginia, speech against slavery, 549, 550; on the course of England toward America, iii. 76; in Virginia legislature, 437; eloquence of, iv. 35; supports P. Henry's meas- ures, 145; delegate to congress, 190; proposes to raise troops for Carolina, v. 384; wishes Washington to be made dictator, 507; divides Virginia in favor of state sovereignty, vi. 34, 35; course in Virginia legislature, and letter of, 95, 96; letter to Madison, 124; opposes the navigation act, 144, 145; in congress (1787), 281, 286; on the committee of seven, 287; pre-
pares clause on contracts, 288; in congress, opposes the new constitu- tion, 371; offers amendments, 372; supported by New York, 373; persist- ence in opposition, 374, 375, 383, 423, 425; through Patrick Henry's schem- ing chosen United States senator, 466; wishes to use for Washington title of "Highness," 471.
Lee, William, commissioner to Germany and Prussia, v. 337; how received by Frederic of Prussia, 337.
Leet, William, deputy governor of Con- necticut, i. 574.
Leet-men, or tenants, under constitution for Carolina, i. 418. Legge, William. See Dartmouth. Legislators, hereditary, proposed and re- jected in Massachusetts, i. 259. Leibnitz, predicted revolution, iv. 372. Leisler, Jacob, concern of, in "the Dutch plot," in New York, i. 601; as- sumes powers of government, ii. 34, 35; career of, and result, 35, 36; ar- rested, tried, and hanged, 36, 37; at- tainder reversed by parliament, 37,
Leitch, Major, mortally wounded, v. 47. Le Moyne, James, a painter, i. 53. Lemprière, Captain, iv. 402. Lenni-Lenape, in New Jersey, etc., two divisions, the Minsi and the Dela- wares, ii. 91.
Leon, De. See Ponce de Leon. Leonard, Daniel, recommends submis- sion of Massachusetts to England, iv. 123.
Leslie, British commander, rebuked by Howe, v. 46, 47.
Lessing, German philosopher, v. 231. Le Sueur, ii. 190; defeats the Natchez Indians, 233, 234.
Leverett, agent of Massachusetts in England, i. 368.
Levi, French general, ii. 489, 501; at Montreal, 508; besieges Quebec, 522; failure of, 522, 523.
Lewis, Andrew, in fight with the Shaw- nees, acts discreditably, iv. 87; ap- pointed brigadier-general from Vir- ginia, but forced to resign, 336. Lewis, Charles, death in battle, iv. 87. Lexington, Kentucky, origin of the name, iv. 168. Lexington, Massachusetts, militia and alarm - - men turn out at midnight (April, 1775), iv. 154; attack on, by British troops, 155; martyrs of, 156; their glorious memory, 156, 157. Liberty of the press. See Press, and Printing.
Lincoln, General B., with the northern | army (1777), v. 182; in command of the right wing, 186, 187; character of, etc., goes to the South, 367; in. ferior number of troops, part lost under Ashe, 368, 369; at Sheldon in the summer, 371; goes to Charles- ton, 374; fails to defend the city, and capitulates, 376, 377; minister of war, vi. 25; in Massachusetts state con- vention on federal constitution, 396. Linen and woollen manufacture attempt- ed in Maryland, ii. 22. See Manufac-
Linzee, captain of the Falcon, beaten
by the Gloucester men, iv. 249, 50. Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, British raid on, v. 288.
Livingston, James, and Canadians, take Chambly, iv. 296.
Livingston, Philip, in general assembly
of New York, iii. 343; house of, on Brooklyn Heights, v. 36. Livingston, R. R., on taxes, iii. 78; Colden urges removal of, 93; in con- gress, 150; true patriot to death, iv. 292.
Livingston, R. R., the younger, delegate to the second continental congress, iv. 190; patriotic, 292; opposes declara- tion of independence, 423; in con- gress, v. 285; in charge of foreign affairs, 508; active statesmanship as to boundaries, fisheries, etc., 525, 526; minister of foreign affairs, vi. 25.
Livingston, William, of New Jersey, delegate to first continental congress, iv. 33; sympathy with Washington, v. 83; governor of New Jersey, pardons disloyalty, 280, 281; on freeing the negroes, 411; urges public faith and honor (1783), vi. 170, 171; in the federal convention, 320, 359. Livingston, William, of New York, patri-
otic views of, iii. 283; chancellor of New York, views of, on evils of paper money, vi. 170.
Livingston family, the, its principles, ii. 528; position of, in New York, iv. 30. Lloyd, David, speaker of Pennsylvania assembly, ii. 27.
Lloyd, Thomas, president of council in Pennsylvania, ii. 24.
Locke, John, character and ability of, i. 415, 416; his "grand model" of gov- ernment, 417-420; a landgrave of Carolina, 430; his "model" doomed, ii. 10; one of the commissioners for trade and plantations, 73, 74; quoted by Otis (1762), 560.
Logan, James, secretary of Pennsylva- nia, ii. 225, 246; views of, on public dangers, 257; on Benjamin Frank- lin, 259, 260; on emigration, 265, 266. Logan, a Cayuga chief, and his revenge, iv. 85.
London, city of, intercedes for Boston, iv. 149; the king's answer to, 149; news of Lexington and Concord, how received in, 185, 186; address of, to the king, 188; is thanked by congress (1775) for its sympathy, 238. London company, sends out the first colony of Virginia, i. 85; anxious for gains, 95; great meeting of, 114; aids in establishing liberty in Ameri- ca, 118; King James's course toward, 129, 130; patents cancelled, 133. Long Island, New York, towns on, planted by New Haven, i. 272; given up to New York, 523; retreat from (1776), by Americans, v. 24, 38. Long Parliament, the, asserts its su- premacy, i. 143; atrocious ordinance, death for heresy, 169, 170; order of, in Gorton's case, 305; appeal to, by Massachusetts, and answer, 307, 308; becomes a tyranny, 328; ejected by the Independents, 332.
Lotteries, in aid of the London company, i. 105.
Lottery, set on foot by congress (1776), v. 290. Loudoun, earl of, commander-in-chief of troops in America (1756), ii. 447; gov. ernor of Virginia, 447; to force mili- tary rule, 447; meanly billets his offi- cers in New York and Philadelphia, 454; letter of, to Pitt, 460; wastes the summer at Halifax, 462; cowardly conduct of, 468; recalled, 482. Louis XIV., king of France, shrewd ad- vice of, as to governing colonies, i. 407; tyranny and cruelty of, to the Huguenots, 432; by treachery makes galley slaves of Iroquois warriors, ii. 176; absolute king, 177; death of,
Louis XV., king of France, ii. 440, 441; in harmony with George III. (1772), iii. 417. 418; death of, iv. 37. Louis XVI., king of France, iv. 37; character of, 37, 38; watches the progress of the American revolution, 190; fears attack from England, hence led to favor Americans, 360; unstable, 369; with king of Spain, promises money to the Americans ($2,000,000), 371; resolves on alliance with the United States, v. 20, 21; dislikes matters in America, 131, 132;
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