Johnston, Colonel, of New Jersey, v.

35.

Johnston, Samuel, iv. 258-260; gover-
nor of North Carolina, president of
state convention on the federal con-
stitution, vi. 461.

Johnstone, George, one of Lord North's
commissioners to America, v. 272;
savage spirit of, 287.

"Join or Die," motto of New York
paper, iii. 148; effect of, 163.
Jolliet, Louis, Jesuit missionary among
the Hurons, ii. 141; martyrdom of,
142, 143.

Joncaire, Indian agent, ii. 223.
Jones, John Paul, officer in United
States navy, v. 51; victory over the
Serapis (1779), 350, 351; enters the
Texel, a neutral port, 351.
Jones, Joseph, of King George county,
Virginia, in congress, letter to Wash-
ington, v. 444, 445; Washington's
advice to, vi. 18, 19; letter to Wash-
ington, 74; course of, in the Virginia
legislature, 96.

Jones, Noble W., speaker of Georgia
assembly, iii. 408; with Habersham,
Telfair, and others, opens the king's
magazine and takes powder (1775),
iv. 181.

Jones, Samuel, in New York state con-
vention on the federal constitution,
v. 456; moves the ratification with
hopes of amendments, 459, 460.
Jones, William, of Maine, in Massachu-
setts state convention on the federal
constitution, objections of, vi. 399.
Jones, Willie, leads opposition in North
Carolina state convention on the fed-
eral constitution, vi. 461, 462; caused
convention to adjourn without action,
462.

66

Joseph II. of Austria, and Maria The-
resa, hope that America will soon be
subdued, iv. 424; opposed to success
of United States, v. 133; Kaunitz's
report to, 470; wishes and hopes,
474; desires a treaty with the United
States (1783), vi. 55; condition and
prospects of people under (1789), 473.
Joseph, William, a tory president,"
convenes the Maryland assembly
(1688), i. 441; ii. 20, 21; address of,
to the assembly, i. 441.
Josselyn, on slow progress in New
Hampshire (1638), i. 218.
Joutel, H., historian of La Salle's expe-
dition, ii. 170, 174, 186.
Judiciary, in colonies, to hold at the

king's pleasure (1763), ii. 557.
Judiciary, under the federal constitution,

vi. 223, 224, 348-350. See Constitu
tion of the United States.
Jumonville, in command of the French
at Great Meadows (1754), killed in
battle, ii. 384, 385.

Junius, quoted, iii. 363.

Jury, trial by, in Virginia (1621), i. 118.

K.

Kalb, John, sent by Choiseul to Ameri-
ca, iii. 247; views of, 278, 279; of-
fers to serve in the American army
(1776), v. 126; arrives in Philadel-
phia, 174; with Lafayette at Albany,
215; sent to the South by Washing-
ton, 383; with General Gates, 385;
in the battle of Camden, South Caro-
lina, 387-389; dies of wounds re-
ceived, 389; monument voted to by
congress, 389.

Kahn, Peter, a Swedish traveller, views

of, as to American independence
(1748), ii. 310, 311.

Kames, Lord, opinion as to political
union of the American colonies (1774),
iv. 51.

Kanawha valley, explored (1670), i. 452.
Kant, J., German philosopher, friendly
to the United States, v. 230, 231.
Kaskaskia, Illinois, French mission at,
ii. 187; Indians submit to the Eng-
lish, iii. 151; population of (1769),
319; taken by Clark (1778), v. 311;
petition of, for government (1786), vi.
280, 281.

Kaunitz, Austrian minister, v. 240, 338;
plans for mediation of Austria, 468;
ill success of, 470.

Keith, George, schism of, in Pennsylvania
(1691), ii. 25; an early abolitionist,

275.

Keith, Sir William, ii. 246; governor
of Pennsylvania, advice to govern-
ment as to stamp duties in the colo-
nies, 264.

Keith, British minister at Vienna, iv.

424.

Kemp, Richard, Berkeley's substitute in
Virginia, i. 142.

Kennebec river, entered by Gilbert, i.
90; end of Virginia colony on, 91;
mission to the Indians on, ii. 144;
English settlement on, attacked by the
Indians, 219.

Kennedy, a royalist in New York, mem-
ber of the council (1750), ii. 357; ad-
vises a gentle land-tax," 383.
Kennedy, Joseph, of North Carolina, iv
198.

Kent, Isle of, occupied by Clayborne, i.
155; title assigned to Lord Baltimore,
163; taken by Leonard Calvert, 167.
Kentucky, spirit of (1775), iv. 131;

settlements in, 194, 195; independent
spirit of, 195-197; action of Meck-
lenburg county, 196-198; increase
and prowess of the people, v. 315;
specious offers of Spanish agent to,
vi. 463.

Kentucky, a county of Virginia, v. 309.
Keppel, Admiral, objects to serve
against Americans, iv. 186; incapa-
ble, v. 302, 303.

Kichline, of Pennsylvania, on Long
Island, New York, v. 30.
Kickapoos, Indians, ii. 94, 155.

Kidd, William, hanged for piracy, ii. 40.
Kieft, William, governor of New Nether-
land, i. 501; barbarous policy toward
the Indians, 504-506; lost at sea,
507.

King, Rufus, revives Jefferson's anti-
slavery clause, vi. 132; report to con-
gress on (1785), 132, 133; joins
Gerry against desire of Massachusetts
for enlarging powers of congress, etc.,
146, 147; speech to legislature of
Massachusetts on the action of An-
napolis convention, 196, 197; con-
ciliatory movement in congress, 199;
in the federal convention, 223, 239;
on the committee of five, 257; op-
posed to slave representation, 265,
266; course in congress (1786), 278,
279; sent by congress to the legisla-
ture of Pennsylvania, 281; service
of, in congress, 285, 288, 290; on
slave representation, 299; on state
interference with contracts, 305; in
Massachusetts state convention on
the federal constitution, 396; ex-
plains the constitution, 399; elected
in New York United States senator,
467.

King's Mountain, South Carolina, Ameri-

cans victorious at, v. 398-400; in-
spiriting effect of victory, 400.

Kinsey of New Jersey, v. 7.

Kirk, Sir David, takes Quebec, i. 219,
220.

Kirkland, Samuel, missionary among the
Mohawks, iv. 148.

Kittaning, Pennsylvania, fight at, with
the Indians, ii. 454, 455.
Klopstock, F. T., German poet, v. 231.
Knowles, Sir Charles, tries impressment

of seamen in Boston (1747), ii. 311;
result of his action, 311, 341.
Knowlton, Thomas, of Ashford, iv. 215;
on Breed's Hill, 218, 219, 222; mor-

tally wounded in skirmish near New
York city, v. 47.

Knox, Henry, reply to Dickinson's
"Farmer's Letters," iii. 336; plans
works round Roxbury, Massachusetts,
iv. 240; colonel of artillery, v. 24;
in New England to raise troops, 451,
452; letter from and to G. Morris,
vi. 67, 68; aids Washington's plans
for the army, 73.

Knox, James, western adventures of, iii.
393, 394.

Knox, William, agent of Georgia (1763),
favors stamp-tax, iii. 58.
Knyphausen, general of Hessian mer-
cenaries, iv. 355; at New Rochelle,
New York, v. 72, 75; at taking of
Fort Washington, 79, 80; in the ex-
pedition against Philadelphia, 176,
177; in command in New York
(1779), 375; raises regiments of loy
alists or tories, 423.

Kosciuszko, Thaddeus, a Pole, joins the
American cause, v. 150; orders to, by
Gates, 150, 182; constructs fortifica-
tions at West Point, New York, 432;
with General Greene in the South,
479, 501; honor given to, by con-
gress, vi. 104.

L.

Laconia, in Maine, Gorges and Mason's
patent for, i. 217.

La Corne, French partisan warrior, ii.
358, 359; among the Indians in the
North-west, iv. 148; fierce fighter, v.

143.

Lafayette, Gilbert Motier de, how first
won for America, iv. 189; ardent re-
solve of, v. 21; prepares to leave
for America, 126, 127; sails for the
United States, 132, 133; arrives, and
is appointed major-general, 174; in
battle, 178; wounded, 179; efforts to
alienate him from Washington, 215;
true to the commander-in-chief, 215;
expedition to Canada offered to, goes
to Albany, 215; on the effect in
France of the declaration of inde-
pendence, 269; gallant conduct of,
at Monmouth, 274-277; sent to Rhode
Island, 285; in France, at Versailles,
306; urges sending troops to the
United States, 426; begs help of Ver-
gennes, 452; sent by Washington to
Virginia, 506; generosity of, to the
troops, 506; active, watchful, self-
possessed, 511; urges Washington to
come in force to Virginia, 512; sends

to Maurepas and Vergennes auguries
of success, 515; share in the decisive
victory at Yorktown, 523; ever faith-
ful to America, vi. 32; visits the
United States again, 127.

La Galissonière, governor-general of
Canada, ii. 337; goes to France, 346;
advice of, 361.

La Jonquière, governor-general of Cana-
da, ii. 346, 347; movements of, 358,
359.

Lallemand, a Jesuit missionary, mar-
tyred, ii. 145, 146.

La Loutre, missionary in Nova Scotia, ii.
344; stirs up the Indians against the
English, 346; burns a church, 358.
Lamb, John, captain of artillery, iv.
295; collector of New York custom-
house, vi. 454.

Lamberville, missionary among the Iro-
quois, i. 589.

Lancaster, Massachusetts, Indian massa-
cre at, i. 391, 392.
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, treaty with the
Six Nations at, ii. 303.
Landgraves, in Carolina, i. 418, 419.
Land-tax and poll-tax, urged by Din-
widdie for the Old Dominion, ii. 443.
Lane, Ralph, goes out as governor of
Raleigh's colony, i. 71; explorations
and views of, 72-74; returns to Eng-
land, 75.

Langdon, John, of New Hampshire, iii.
293; supports the new federal consti-
tution, vi. 400, 409; elected president
of the senate in the first federal con-
gress (1789), 467.

Lansing, appointed delegate by New

York to the federal convention, vi.
200, 232, 242, 243; leaves the con-
vention, 259, 260; in the state con-
vention opposes the constitution, 456,
458-460.

La Roche, Marquis de, attempts coloni-
zation, i. 18.

La Salle, R. C. de, early career, ii. 159,
160; employed by Frontenac, 160;
returns to France, and obtains a royal
grant, 161; further grant, 162; in
Niagara river and on the lakes, 163;
embarrassments, 165; descends the
Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico,
167; takes possession of the country
for France, 168; goes again to France,
168, 169; proposition of, to conquer
and colonize accepted, 169; misses
the mouth of the Mississippi, 171;
occupies Texas, 172; excursions by,
172, 173; starts for Canada, 173;
murdered by Duhaut, 174; character
and merits of, 174.

Las Casas, suggests using negro slaves
in Hispaniola (1517), i. 124.
Laud, archbishop of Canterbury, head
of commission for regulating the
American colonies (1634), i. 274;
course pursued, 274, 275.
Laudonnière, leads colony to Florida, i.
52; sad fate of the colony, 52-56.
Laurens, Henry, of South Carolina, ii.
550; president of the provincial con-
gress (1775), iv. 180; reluctant to
proclaim independence, 393; vice-
president of South Carolina under
its new constitution, 395; letter sent
to, in disparagement of Washington,
how treated, v. 215; resigns presi-
dency of congress, 293; favors enlist-
ing the slaves, 370; prisoner in Eng-
land, 527; goes to the Hague, 536;
in Paris with the commissioners for
peace, 578, 579; has clause inserted
in convention as to "negroes and
other property," 579, 580.

Laurens, John, the younger, son of
Henry, aid and interpreter to Count
D'Estaing, v. 285; wishes to enlist
slaves, 369, 370; sent to France to
beg help, 452; mortally wounded at
Combahee ferry, 556.

Lauzun, Duke de, defeats Tarleton's
legion, v. 519.

Law, John, and the Mississippi Com-
pany, ii. 227; grand credit scheme,
227, 228; Law's bank becomes the
Bank of France, 229; wild extrava-
gance and recklessness, 229-231;
downfall of, 231.

Lawrence, lieutenant-governor of Nova
Scotia, ii. 419.

Lawrence of New York, debates on pro-
tection in the first federal congress
(1789), vi. 468.

Lawson, surveyor-general of North Caro-
lina, ii. 203; death of, 204.
"League and Covenant," in Boston, iv.
21; suspends all trade with England,
21, 22; subscribers to, in Plymouth,

26.

Learned, General, v. 184, 188.
Leddra, W., a Quaker, hanged, i. 315.
Ledyard, Colonel, murdered by Brom-

field, a British officer, at Fort Gris-
wold, Connecticut, v. 507.

Lee, Arthur, with R. Penn, in London,
iv. 270, 271; interview with Beau-
marchais, 361; ordered to get the
views of foreign powers as to Ameri-
ca, 362; receives promise of help in
money from France, 371; one of the
commissioners to France, v. 50; min-
ister to Spain, meets Grimaldi, 136,

137; visits Frederic of Prussia, 239,
240; papers of, stolen, 240; tries to
supplant Franklin, 252; in congress,
debate on the revenue question, vi.
64; opposes Madison, 69.

Lee, Charles, comes to America, iv. 48;
elected by congress major-general,
232; unprincipled in character, 233,
234; attempts negotiation with Bur-
goyne, 241; in New York, conceited,
overbearing, etc., 383, 384; appointed
to command troops in the South, 385;
at Charleston, tries to interfere, to no
good, 399, 400; petulant, wishes Fort
Moultrie evacuated, refuses Moultrie
powder, etc., 400-407; praises the
victors after the battle, 410; extorts
money, v. 61; on a border expedi-
tion, 61, 62; returns to the North,
62; expected in camp, 66; character
and views, 66, 67; wishes to nego-
tiate with Howe, 68; orders from
Washington, how received, 76; re-
fuses to obey Washington's orders,
81-84; eager to displace the com-
mander-in-chief, 84-86; foolhardy,
taken prisoner, 86, 87; letters to
Rush, Morris, etc., 145; treason of,
146; Yorke's opinion of, 146; ex-
changed, 146, 155; second in com-
mand, disobedient and treacherous,
274-276; court - martialed, found
guilty, censured by congress (1780),
277, 278; death of, in disgrace, 278.
Lee, Francis, delegate to congress, iv.
255.

Lee, Major II., takes Paulus Hook (Jer-
sey City), v. 331, 332; ordered to the
South, 383; colonel of cavalry legion,
477, 478; defeats the Tories, 491; at
battle of Guilford Court-House, 492,
493; at the taking of Augusta, Geor-
gia, 500; in congress, favors the new
constitution, vi. 373; in Virginia state
convention, supports the constitution,
436.

Lee, R. H., of Virginia, speech against
slavery, 549, 550; on the course of
England toward America, iii. 76; in
Virginia legislature, 437; eloquence
of, iv. 35; supports P. Henry's meas-
ures, 145; delegate to congress, 190;
proposes to raise troops for Carolina,
v. 384; wishes Washington to be
made dictator, 507; divides Virginia
in favor of state sovereignty, vi. 34,
35; course in Virginia legislature, and
letter of, 95, 96; letter to Madison,
124; opposes the navigation act, 144,
145; in congress (1787), 281, 286; on
the committee of seven, 287; pre-

pares clause on contracts, 288; in
congress, opposes the new constitu-
tion, 371; offers amendments, 372;
supported by New York, 373; persist-
ence in opposition, 374, 375, 383, 423,
425; through Patrick Henry's schem-
ing chosen United States senator,
466; wishes to use for Washington
title of "Highness," 471.

Lee, William, commissioner to Germany
and Prussia, v. 337; how received by
Frederic of Prussia, 337.

Leet, William, deputy governor of Con-
necticut, i. 574.

Leet-men, or tenants, under constitution
for Carolina, i. 418.
Legge, William. See Dartmouth.
Legislators, hereditary, proposed and re-
jected in Massachusetts, i. 259.
Leibnitz, predicted revolution, iv. 372.
Leisler, Jacob, concern of, in "the
Dutch plot," in New York, i. 601; as-
sumes powers of government, ii. 34,
35; career of, and result, 35, 36; ar-
rested, tried, and hanged, 36, 37; at-
tainder reversed by parliament, 37,

38.

Leitch, Major, mortally wounded, v. 47.
Le Moyne, James, a painter, i. 53.
Lemprière, Captain, iv. 402.
Lenni-Lenape, in New Jersey, etc., two
divisions, the Minsi and the Dela-
wares, ii. 91.

Leon, De. See Ponce de Leon.
Leonard, Daniel, recommends submis-
sion of Massachusetts to England, iv.
123.

Leslie, British commander, rebuked by
Howe, v. 46, 47.

Lessing, German philosopher, v. 231.
Le Sueur, ii. 190; defeats the Natchez
Indians, 233, 234.

Leverett, agent of Massachusetts in
England, i. 368.

Levi, French general, ii. 489, 501; at
Montreal, 508; besieges Quebec, 522;
failure of, 522, 523.

Lewis, Andrew, in fight with the Shaw-
nees, acts discreditably, iv. 87; ap-
pointed brigadier-general from Vir-
ginia, but forced to resign, 336.
Lewis, Charles, death in battle, iv. 87.
Lexington, Kentucky, origin of the name,
iv. 168.
Lexington, Massachusetts, militia and
alarm -
- men turn out at midnight
(April, 1775), iv. 154; attack on, by
British troops, 155; martyrs of, 156;
their glorious memory, 156, 157.
Liberty of the press. See Press, and
Printing.

Lincoln, General B., with the northern |
army (1777), v. 182; in command of
the right wing, 186, 187; character
of, etc., goes to the South, 367; in.
ferior number of troops, part lost
under Ashe, 368, 369; at Sheldon in
the summer, 371; goes to Charles-
ton, 374; fails to defend the city, and
capitulates, 376, 377; minister of war,
vi. 25; in Massachusetts state con-
vention on federal constitution, 396.
Linen and woollen manufacture attempt-
ed in Maryland, ii. 22. See Manufac-

tures.

Linzee, captain of the Falcon, beaten

by the Gloucester men, iv. 249, 50.
Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, British
raid on, v. 288.

Livingston, James, and Canadians, take
Chambly, iv. 296.

Livingston, Philip, in general assembly

of New York, iii. 343; house of, on
Brooklyn Heights, v. 36.
Livingston, R. R., on taxes, iii. 78;
Colden urges removal of, 93; in con-
gress, 150; true patriot to death, iv.
292.

Livingston, R. R., the younger, delegate
to the second continental congress, iv.
190; patriotic, 292; opposes declara-
tion of independence, 423; in con-
gress, v. 285; in charge of foreign
affairs, 508; active statesmanship as
to boundaries, fisheries, etc., 525,
526; minister of foreign affairs, vi.
25.

Livingston, William, of New Jersey,
delegate to first continental congress,
iv. 33; sympathy with Washington, v.
83; governor of New Jersey, pardons
disloyalty, 280, 281; on freeing the
negroes, 411; urges public faith and
honor (1783), vi. 170, 171; in the
federal convention, 320, 359.
Livingston, William, of New York, patri-

otic views of, iii. 283; chancellor of
New York, views of, on evils of paper
money, vi. 170.

Livingston family, the, its principles, ii.
528; position of, in New York, iv. 30.
Lloyd, David, speaker of Pennsylvania
assembly, ii. 27.

Lloyd, Thomas, president of council in
Pennsylvania, ii. 24.

Locke, John, character and ability of, i.
415, 416; his "grand model" of gov-
ernment, 417-420; a landgrave of
Carolina, 430; his "model" doomed,
ii. 10; one of the commissioners for
trade and plantations, 73, 74; quoted
by Otis (1762), 560.

Logan, James, secretary of Pennsylva-
nia, ii. 225, 246; views of, on public
dangers, 257; on Benjamin Frank-
lin, 259, 260; on emigration, 265, 266.
Logan, a Cayuga chief, and his revenge,
iv. 85.

London, city of, intercedes for Boston,
iv. 149; the king's answer to, 149;
news of Lexington and Concord, how
received in, 185, 186; address of, to
the king, 188; is thanked by congress
(1775) for its sympathy, 238.
London company, sends out the first
colony of Virginia, i. 85; anxious for
gains, 95; great meeting of, 114;
aids in establishing liberty in Ameri-
ca, 118; King James's course toward,
129, 130; patents cancelled, 133.
Long Island, New York, towns on,
planted by New Haven, i. 272; given
up to New York, 523; retreat from
(1776), by Americans, v. 24, 38.
Long Parliament, the, asserts its su-
premacy, i. 143; atrocious ordinance,
death for heresy, 169, 170; order of,
in Gorton's case, 305; appeal to, by
Massachusetts, and answer, 307, 308;
becomes a tyranny, 328; ejected by
the Independents, 332.

Lotteries, in aid of the London company,
i. 105.

Lottery, set on foot by congress (1776),
v. 290.
Loudoun, earl of, commander-in-chief of
troops in America (1756), ii. 447; gov.
ernor of Virginia, 447; to force mili-
tary rule, 447; meanly billets his offi-
cers in New York and Philadelphia,
454; letter of, to Pitt, 460; wastes
the summer at Halifax, 462; cowardly
conduct of, 468; recalled, 482.
Louis XIV., king of France, shrewd ad-
vice of, as to governing colonies, i.
407; tyranny and cruelty of, to the
Huguenots, 432; by treachery makes
galley slaves of Iroquois warriors,
ii. 176; absolute king, 177; death of,

213.