E.

Early voyagers and explorers:
Alarcon, P. de, i. 32.
Alvarado, II., 34, 35.
Ayllon, L. V. de, 25.
Cabot, John, 10.

Cabot, Sebastian, 10-14.
Cabrillo, J. R., and Ferrelo, 37.
Cardenas, G. L. de, 34, 35.
Cartier, James, 15-17.
Champlain, Samuel, 18.
Columbus, Christopher, 7, 8.
Coronado, F. V., 31, 32, 37.
Cortercal, Gaspar, 14.
De Monts, 18, 19.

De Pineda, A. A., 24.
De Soto, F., 38-47.

De Vaca, Cabcza de, 27-31.
Diaz, M., 32, 33.
Fernandez, F., 24.
Ferrelo, B., 37.

Gama, Vasco da, 11, 12.
Garay, F. de, 24, 25.
Gomez, Stephen, 26, 27.

Grijalva, 24.

Eden, Richard, "History of Maritime
Expeditions," i. 62, 63.

Eden, Robert, lieutenant-governor of
Maryland, iii. 362; gives up arms,
etc., iv. 179.

Eden, W., one of Lord North's commis-
sioners to America, v. 272; in parlia-
ment, 543; condemns modifying the
navigation act, vi. 43.

Edmundson, William (1672), visits the
Quakers in Carolina, i. 421.
Education, provision for, in Virginia, i.
112, 127; in Massachusetts, 315;
Berkeley in Virginia opposes, 451;
under the new constitutions of the
states, v. 119.

Edwards, Jonathan, conception of his-
tory and progress, ii. 269; on theo-
logical and moral truth, 405, 406.
Effingham, Lord, refuses to fight against
the Americans, iv. 186.

Effingham. See Howard of Effingham.
Egmont, Lord, wished to protect Amer-
ica against the mutiny act, ii. 412, 413.
Egremont, in the ministry (1763), iii. 31,
36; death of, 52.

Elections. See Suffrage.

Narvaez, P. de, 27.

Niza, M. de, 31, 32, 34.

Ponce de Leon, 22-24.

Poutrincourt, 19.

Roberval, F. de la Roque, 17.
Character of the early navigators, i.

83.

Eastchurch, governor of Albemarle,
North Carolina, i. 423.

East India Company, English, first char-
ter, ii. 89; revived under Charles II.,
89.

East India Company, Dutch, i. 480.
East India Tea Company, in distress, asks
help, iii. 438; resolves to send tea to
America, 443; consignees in Boston
refuse to resign, 448, 449; tea-ship
arrives, 450; other ships arrive, 452,
453; tea thrown overboard, 456;
ships at Charleston and Philadelphia,
457; defeated by Boston, iv. 268.
East New Jersey, bought by William
Penn, i. 551; Philip Carteret, gov-
ernor, 577; interference of Andros
resisted, 578; purchased by Quakers,
578; new patent from the duke of
York, 578; asylum for Scotch Pres-
byterians, 578, 579; annexed to New
York, 581; with West New Jersey in
one province, ii. 31–33.
Eaton, Theophilus, i. 223; governor of
Connecticut, 271, 272.

Eliot, of Bristol, England. See Thorne,
Robert.

Eliot, John, apostle of the red men, i.
368, 384; On the Christian Com-
monwealth," 368; labors of, among
the Indians, 384, 385.

Eliot, Lord Minto, in parliament (1778),
urges settlement with America, v. 225.
Elizabeth, queen of England, encourages
maritime enterprise, i. 63-66; gives
name, Virginia, to the region where
Raleigh's first expedition landed, 69;
Prayer-Book and Articles of the
Church, 185, 186; desires and enforces
uniformity, 188, 189; death of, 194.
Elizabeth Isles, Massachusetts, Indians
of, i. 385.

66

Elizabethtown, New Jersey, i, 521;
Elizabethtown Purchase," 521, 522;
British repulsed at, v. 424.

Elliot, Sir Gilbert, in parliament, iii. 103;
iv. 270.
Elliott, British minister at Berlin, hires
a thief to steal Arthur Lee's papers,
v. 240.
Elliott, Susanna S., presents colors to
Moultrie and Motte, iv. 410.
Ellis, Henry, governor of Georgia, ii.
513; secures the good-will of the
Creeks, 521; aids in the plan for tax-
ing the colonies by parliament, iii.

51.

estimates of, for America (1763), iii.
33; opposes receiving petition of con-
gress, 186.

Ellsworth, Oliver, of Connecticut, in con-
gress, vi. 99; retiring words of, 99,
100; in the federal convention, 218,
229, 231; character of, 241, 242; re-
ply to Wilson, 245; earnest speech on
vote in the senate by states, 249–252;
on the committee as to compromise,
256; becomes a strong federalist, 269;
on ratification of the constitution,
273; one of the committee of detail,
274, 275; moves and carries proposi-
tion to support new government out
of the treasury, 294; on support of
new government, 294; against paper
money, 302; on interference with con-
tracts, 305, 306; on treason, slave-
trade, etc., 311, 314, 317; on the elec-
toral college, 329, 330; on legislative,
judicial, and executive powers, 345;
in the state convention at IIartford,
supports the federal constitution, 394.
Emerson, William, minister at Concord,
Massachusetts, iv. 153, 161, 166.
Endecott, John, character of, i. 223;
governor (1628), 223; founder of
Salem, Massachusetts, 223; public
address by (1664), 375.
England, first settlement in America, i.

75; condition of, favors colonization,
84, 85; takes strong interest in Vir-
ginia, 114; engages in the slave-trade,
125; reformation in, 178; persecu-
tion in, peoples America, 276; first
English troops in the colonies, 469;
in possession of the Atlantic coast,
520; relations to the American colo-
nies, 613; new English nation in
America, 613; mercantile system,
colonial rivalry, ii. 88, 89; blockades
French ports by a decree, 184; estab-
lishes a bank, 184; gains of, by treaty
of Utrecht, 210, 211; claims as to
boundaries on the north-east, 222;
jealous of American industry, 239,
240; favors the islands over the main
land, 243, 244; proposes tax on im-
ports, 244, 245; slave-trade, 271;
Spain and the assiento, 280; plans
new colony south of Carolina, 280;
at war with Spain to favor smugglers,
293; the convention, 294; failure,
295; struggle with France in the East
Indies, 302; colonial administration,
329.

Competes with France for the Ohio
valley (1748), ii. 343; attempts to
fill America with negro slaves, 355,
356; cabinet troubles, 357, 358; dis-

cussion with France as to Ohio val-
ley, 415, 416; treaty with Russia,
441, 442; declares war against France
(1756), 450; successes of, 498, 499;
course adopted as to American pos-
sessions, 527, 528; plans for taxing
America, 528, 529; elections in, 536;
peace with France, 543, 544; course
as to European politics, 554-556;
new cabinet, 556; changes in, 559,
560; at peace with France and Spain,
562; gains of war, 562, 563; plans to
subdue the colonies, 564; monarchy
in (1763), limited, iii. 4; the church
in, 4, 5; houses of lords and com-
mons, position and powers, 5-9; great
writers, 9-11; judiciary, 11, 12; sys-
tem of education, 12; aristocracy in
the towns and country, 13, 14; sub-
missiveness of the people, 14, 15;
manufacturing industries of, 15, 16;
national character and spirit, 16, 17;
triumvirate ministry in, 36; minute
of treasury for American stamp-tax,
55; how the ministry looked on colo-
nial resistance, 94; military power to
be supreme in America, 99; stamp-
tax thought to be a success, 105, 106;
power of the oligarchy (1765), 107;
the ministry prepare to execute the
stamp-act, 142; takes possession of
Illinois, 151; liberty of, sustains
America, 166; stamp-act repealed,
206, 207; reaction against the re-
peal, 215.

Course of the king and ministry
toward the colonies (1768), iii. 298;
contrast with Spain, 340, 341; the
Wilkes affair in, 345; same strife as
in America about representation, 363;
parties in (1770), 383, 384; loses reve-
nue by attempts on America, 423;
the ministry decide that America is
in rebellion (1774), 466; parliament
and people agree with the ministry,
469, 470; ought then to have offered
independence to the colonies, iv. 4;
watches France, 38, 39; seeks help of
the red men, 58; astounded at news
of Bunker Hill battle, 260; army in
America to be largely increased, 261.

Question at issue with America, iv.
265; résumé of course of affairs (1763
-1775), 265, 269; obtains recruits in
Germany in spite of the law, 349;
sends expedition under Parker against
the southern colonies, 397-409; unani-
mous against America's liberty as a
nation, v. 21, 22; opines that Howe
has beaten the Americans, 94; re-
monstrates with France, 130; over-

bearing toward Holland, 130, 131;
German mercenary troops employed,
141, 142; reinforcements sent by
way of Quebec, 147; commissioners
from, go to the United States (1778),
255; arrival of, 271; object in view,
and pretended offers, 272, 273; final
manifesto of, 287; cruisers of, violate
neutral rights, 346, 352; London and
other places in, sick of the war with
United States, 524; change of mind
on part of the people, 529, 530, 548;
desires peace (1782), 563; demands
amnesty and indemnity for loyalists,
576; commercial regulations with
United States, vi. 38; excludes Ameri-
can shipping from British West In-
dies, 48; gives up right to buy Ameri-
can-built ships, 48; regrets treaty
with the United States instead of with
the separate states, 51; retains inte-
rior American posts, 52; new colonial
system of, 53; course of, as to com-
merce, compels the states to unite,
111; unjust to the United States in
retaining the posts, etc., 150, 151;
hopes to profit by failure of union of
the states, 202; encroachments in
Maine and the West, 463, 464; con-
dition of (1789), 473.

"E pluribus unum," v. 561.
Enumerated commodities, sugar, tobac

co, etc,, i. 352, 353; molasses and rice,
ii. 82.

Episcopal church, members of, banished
from Massachusetts, i. 229; desires
to have bishops in America, ii. 262;
efforts toward this end, 393, 394;
strife in Virginia as to tobacco indem-
nity, iii. 65, 66; Johnson wishes for
bishops, 94; course of the clergy in
New York, iv. 108; disestablished in
Virginia, v. 123.

Erie, Lake, visited by La Salle, ii. 163.
Eries, Iluron-Eries Indians, destroyed,
ii. 148.

Ernest, duke of Saxony, v. 233, 234;
wise ruler, refuses to hire out troops,
234.

Etchemins, or Canoemen Indians, ii.
90.

Eutaw Springs, South Carolina, battle

at (1781), v. 503, 504.
Evertsen, C., of Zealand, recaptures
Manhattan (New York) for the Dutch
(1673), i. 525.
Ewing, Colonel, v. 95.

Exchange of prisoners during Revolu-
tionary War agreed on, v. 9, 10.
Exeter, New Hampshire, on the Pisca-
taqua, i. 262.

F.

Falls of St. Anthony, discovery of, ii.
164.

Falmouth, now Portland, Maine, iv. 263.
Faneuil Hall, Boston, iii. 327; "cradle
of American liberty," iv. 6, 8, 22.
Fanning, David, a savage raider in the
South, v. 553; murders and burnings
of, in North Carolina, 554.
Fanning, Edmund, character of, iii. 232,
233; tax extortions of, 302, 303; im
peached and convicted, 305; course
of, 399.
"Farmer's Letters," force of, iii. 264,
265; Franklin reprints these in Eng-
land, 286.

Faucitt, Colonel, in Germany, after mer-
cenaries (1775), iv. 350–354.
Fauquier, governor of Virginia, iii. 120.
Federal constitution, first steps toward,
v. 446, 447. See Constitution of the
United States.

Federal convention (1787), character of
elections to, vi. 207; opening of, in
May, 208; Virginia members pre-
pare a plan, 208; Washington favors
new constitution, 208; position and
character of Edmund Randolph, 208,
209; Madison's place and importance,
209, 210; shall the convention vote
by states? 210; arrival of delegates,
Washington's appeal, 210; Washing-
ton chosen president, 211; Randolph
opens the convention, 212; proposes
outline of new constitution, 212–214;
excellence of his plan, 214; Pinck-
ney's plan, 215; debates in commit-
tee, 215; national government, legis-
lative, executive, judicial, 215; debate
on equality of suffrage, 216; legisla-
ture to be of two branches, 216; ex-
tent of federal legislative powers,
217; negative on state laws, coercion
of states, 218; national executive,
mode of election and powers, one or
more, 219; question debated, 219,
220; how to be chosen, how removed,
221; vote in favor of single execu-
tive, 222; veto power of executive,
222; the judiciary, 223; appoint-
ment of judges, 224; shall the house
of representatives be chosen by the
state or the people? 224; debate on
mode of choosing both branches,
225; senate, how to be chosen, 226;
equality of small states defended,
227; Connecticut acts as umpire be-
tween large and small states, 228;
larger states prevail, 228; require-
ment of oath, 229; term and qualifica

tions of representatives, 229; terms,
etc., of senators, 230; end of commit-
tee's work, 230; debate on the powers
of the convention, 233; debate on
sovereignty of a single body, 234;
Hamilton's plan, 235, 236; how re-
ceived, 237; the Virginia plan report-
ed to the house, 238; federal and na-
tional, 242; two branches advocated
and decided on, 242-244; choice and
term of senators, 245, 246; contest
between larger and smaller states,
246, 247; debate continues, danger
of dissolution, 247-249; suffrage in
first branch, according to population,
249; in the second, by states, 249,
250; equally divided, 253; grand
committee appointed to report com-
promise, 253, 254; report of commit-
tee, 257; committee of one from each
state, 257; report, 258; southern
majority, 260; jealousy toward west-
ern states, 262; strife on representa-
tion for slaves, 264; taxation and
representation, 265; slaves to be
counted as three fifths, 266; repre-
sentation according to numbers, 267;
effect on political powers of the
South, 268; senate to vote by states,
269; distribution of powers between
general and state governments, 270,
271; relation of federal to state leg-
islation, 271; property qualification
for office, 271; qualifications of elcc-
tors, 272; jurisdiction of federal tri-
bunals, 272; constitution, how to be
ratified, 273; committee of five ap-
pointed, 274; industry of committee,
275; the convention adjourns for ten
days, 275.

Report of committee of detail (Au-
gust 1787), vi. 292; discussion as to
citizenship, native - born preferred,
295; property qualifications urged,
debate, 296, 297; qualifications left
to the states to determine, 298; dis-
cussion of question of representation
and slavery, 299, 300; question ad-
journed, 301; paper-money question,
301, 302; urgent opposition, 302-
304; gold and silver legal tenders,
305; powers of states as to contracts,
305; no ex post facto laws, 306;
further debate on slavery and repre-
sentation, 308, 309; as to fugitive
slaves, 309, 310; assumption of state
debts, 311; jurisdiction over crimes,
power to subdue rebellion, etc., 311,
312; the army, navy, militia, 312,
313; treason, 314; commerce and
slave-trade, 315; debate on slave-
VOL. VI.--34

trade, 316; question committed, 319;
compromise of committee, 320; power
to regulate commerce, 323; admission
of new states, 323; power over terri-
tory of the United States, 324; limit
on taxation of slaves, 325.

How the president of the United
States to be chosen, vi.
326;
whether re-eligible, 327; question of
tenure, 328; choice by the people
rejected, 328; by electoral college,
329; triple executive proposed, 330;
Madison's proposition, 330; different
plans proposed, 331; vote for a single
executive for seven years, and incli-
gible, 331; report of committee of
detail, 332; committee on choice of
president by vote of the states, 333;
report of committee, 335; electoral
college, and vote to be counted by the
senate, 335, 336; debate on counting
votes, 336-338; summary of the mat-
ter, 339; election of vice-president to
the senate, 344; power of war and
peace, appointments, etc., 345; quali-
fications of the president, 346; im-
peachment and trial, 346, 347; re-
port on federal judiciary and veto
power, 348; organization of courts,
349; judges not removable by ad-
dress, 350; cxtent of judicial power,
350; judiciary and unconstitutional
laws, 350; senate to try impeach-
ments, 351; cases beginning and
ending in a state, 351; original ju-
risdiction of supreme court and
appellate powers, 351; method of
choosing, 352; supreme court and
legislative encroachments, 352; pro-
tection against erroneous judgments,
by the court, by congress, etc., 352,
353; method of consolidating the
union, 354; of bankruptcies and
money bills, 354; constitution, how
to be ratified, 355; another federal
convention proposed, 356; committee
on final draft, 356, 357.

Final draft of the constitution, vi.
357; the names of the thirteen states
left out of the first clause, 357; fed.
eral and national, 358; motion for
bill of rights defeated, 359; no title
for the president, 359; of encourag-
ing home manufactures, 359; service
not servitude, 359; power to cut
canals negatived, 360; of a univer-
sity, 361; states not to trespass on
each other's rights, 361; slavery not
recognized as legal condition, 362;
constitution ordered to be engrossed,
365; amendment suggested by Wash-

Fendall, Josiah, Lord Baltimore's lieu-
tenant, i. 174; convicted and pun-
ished, 437; gives trouble, 439.
Fenwick, John, leads colonists to New
Jersey, i. 546, 547.

Ferguson, Captain P., raid upon Little
Egg Harbor, v. 288; in South Caro-
lina, 380, 381, 395; killed at King's
Mountain, 399.

Fernandez, F., discovers Yucatan and
Bay of Campeachy, i. 24.

Ferrar, John, deputy treasurer of London
Company, i. 111.

Ferrar, Nicholas, counsel to London
Company, i. 111; excellent services of,
118, 131, 133.

Ferrelo, B., explores coast of the Pacific
Ocean to near the mouth of the Co-
lumbia river, i. 37.

Finances of the United States, wretched
condition of (1778), v. 290–294, 439-
442; plans and efforts of R. Morris
for improving, 556-558; deplorable
condition of the treasury (1782), 561.
Findley, W., in Pennsylvania state con-
vention, opposes the constitution, vi.
388, 389.

Finland, emigration from, to Delaware,
i. 503.

Finley, John, iii. 319, 355.

Fisher, Mary, a Quaker, i. 312, 313.
Fisheries, at Newfoundland, i. 66; im-
portance of, ii. 178; New England to
be excluded from, iv. 126; arrange-
ments as to, with France (1778), v.
244, 246; Vergennes and the New
England view, 320, 321; strife on the
subject, 323; discussion as to, in con-
gress, 323, 325; congress yields, 325;
made an ultimatum, 473, 474; final
settlement in favor of the United
States, 579.

Fitch, Thomas, governor of Connecticut,
iii. 139.

Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, wounded in
battle at Eutaw Springs, v. 504.
Fitzherbert, Alleyne, British minister at
Paris, v. 549; with Oswald in settling
treaty of peace, 578, 579.
Fitzsimmons of Pennsylvania, in the first
congress (1789), views on protection,
vi. 468.

Five Nations, the, i. 583; ii. 115; the Mo-
hawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas,
and Senecas. See Iroquois.

Flag, American, thirteen stripes, Janu-

ary 1, 1776, iv. 322; stars and stripes,

v. 154.

Flag, British, first occasion of striking
to the Americans, iv. 184.
Flags, neutral, rights of, i. 527.
Fleming, Colonel W., at Point Pleasant,
iv. 87.

Fletcher, Benjamin, governor of Penn-
sylvania, ii. 25; governor of New
York, 38-40; goes to Hartford, Con-
necticut, to enforce the royal authori-
ty, 43.

Fleury, Cardinal, ii. 213; averse to war
with England, 299, 300.
Fleury, L. de, in battle of the Brandy-

wine, v. 179; promoted, 198, 199.
Florida, descried, i. 22; expedition of
Narvaez to, and failure, 27-30; De
Soto offers to conquer, 38-40; Roman
Catholic missionary effort in, failure,
50; Huguenot expeditions to, 51–54;
Melendez sets out to reconquer, for
Spain, 55; French colony massacred
by Melendez, 56-58; vengeance of
De Gourges, 58, 59; divided into East
and West, iii. 62, 64; dispute as to
civil and military power, 97.

Florida Blanca, Spanish minister, v. 135,
136; strong words to the British min-
ister, 137, 138; words to the French
ambassador, 245; dreads independ-
ence in America, 301, 302; dissimu-
lation of, 306; sends an agent to Ire-
land, 341; affrighted at the prospect
in America, 536; views as to boun-
dary of the United States, vi. 57.
Floyd, John, in Kentucky, iv. 195.
Forbes, Joseph, in command for con-
quest of Ohio valley, ii. 484; expedi-
tion sets out, 493; health of, breaks
down, 493, 494.

Fordyce, Captain, killed in battle, iv. 319.
Fort Carillon, near Lake Champlain, ii.
487.

Fort Carolina, on Port Royal Island,
South Carolina, i. 52, 53.

Fort Christiana, on the Delaware, i. 503.
Fort Clinton, in the Highlands, New

York, taken by the British, v. 186;
abandoned, 195.

Fort Constitution, near West Point,
abandoned, v. 186.

Fort Crevecoeur, or Heartbreak, on the
Illinois river, ii. 164.

Fort Cumberland, abandoned by Dunbar,
ii. 424, 425; troops in, iii. 46.
Fort Duquesne (Pittsburg), ii. 383; aban-
doned by the French, 495.
Fort Edward, built by Lyman (1755), ii.
435; Webb occupies, 466; St. Clair

at, v. 163.