gade in Tyler's (first) division; consisting of troops since renowned for gallantry-Captain Ayres' Regular Battery, the Thirteenth, Sixty-ninth, and Seventy-ninth New York, and Second Wisconsin infantry.

"The advance was commenced on the morning of the 21st, and a part of Hunter's and Heintzelman's divisions, according to McDowell's official report, 'forced the enemy back far enough to allow Sherman's and Keyes's brigades of Tyler's division to cross from their position on the Warrenton road. These drove the right of the enemy, understood to have been commanded by Beauregard, from the front of the field, and out of the detached woods, and down the road, and across it, up the slopes on the other side.' Pressing on, these two brigades, with the two divisions on the right, came upon an elevated ridge or table of land. Here was the severest fighting of the famous battle. Sherman led his brigade directly up the Warrenton road, and held his ground till the general order came to retreat. It will be the verdict of history that the fighting at Bull Run was no more disgraceful to us than the unsuccessful fighting of the French at Waterloo. It was the disorganized rout after the day was done that showed that our army was as yet but an undisciplined rabble. The day was lost partly by the delay in attack, but chiefly by the arrival of reënforcements under Johnston, when victory was already in our hands. General Patterson was the Grouchy of our Waterloo.

"One fact in the battle has hitherto escaped comment. The orders of Tyler's division were to cross Bull Run, when possible, and join Hunter on the right. This was done, Sherman leading off, with the Sixty-ninth New York in advance, and encountering a party of the enemy retreating along a cluster of pines. Lieutenant-Colonel Haggerty, of the Sixty-ninth, without orders, rode over to intercept their retreat, and was shot dead by the enemy. Furious at his loss, the Sixty-ninth sprang forward and opened fire, which was returned. 'But,' says Sherman, 'determined to effect our junction with Hunter's division, I ordered the fire to cease, and we proceeded with caution toward the field, where we then plainly saw our forces engaged.' Turning to Colonel Burnside's official report, we shall find that he was at this time overwhelmingly pressed by the enemy. It was a critical juncture. At length Major Sykes's battalion of regulars came up, and staggered the enemy, and at the same moment Sherman came marching over the hill. "It was Sherman's brigade,' says Burnside, that arrived at about twelve and a half o'clock, and by a most deadly fire assisted in breaking the enemy's lines.' So much for soldierly promptness and strict obedience to orders. From the vigor with which Sherman fought his brigade, the loss in his four regiments was one hundred and five killed, two hundred and two wounded, two hundred and ninety-three wounded or missing, with six killed and

three wounded in the battery, making a total of six hundred and nine, the whole division losing eight hundred and fifty-nine. The loss of the army, excluding prisoners and stragglers, was computed thus: killed, four hundred and seventy-nine; wounded, eleven hundred and eleven ; total killed and wounded, fifteen hundred and ninety. When the conduct of Sherman had become known, the Ohio delegation in Congress unanimously urged his immediate promotion. This was easily effected, and on the 3d of August, 1861, he was confirmed a brigadier-general of volunteers."

Colonel Sherman's brigade was the only one which retired from the field in order, making a stand at the bridge on the track to Washington, to dispute bravely "the right of way," should the enemy pursue our panicstricken forces toward the capital.

CHAPTER VIII.

General Sherman goes to Kentucky-Muldraugh's Hill-His army weakenedGeneral Buckner's superior force-Succeeds General Anderson-Writes General McClellan-Interview with Secretary Cameron-Paducah.

WAY on the borders of Kentucky the tramp of war was heard. The hero of Sumter, General Anderson, was in command of the department. With the advent of autumn, the Union Home Guards of Kentucky, with other troops, had gathered to the banks of the Rolling Fork of Salt River

-a branch two hundred feet, wide and only three feet deep. Two miles from the road crossing lie the Muldraugh's Hills, rising in romantic outline.. Half way upon the ascent runs the railroad, whose bridge is trestle-work ninety feet high; it then enters Tunnel Hill, emerging into an open plain.

General Buckner, the rebel commander, was at Bowl ing Green, looking toward Louisville, where he boasted he would spend the winter. General Sherman was sent

to join General Anderson, the second in command, and moved his force to Muldraugh's Hills. Buckner had burned the bridge; the Home Guards were withdrawn ; and the enemy's troops numbered twenty-five thousand. To retire to Elizabethtown with the five thousand Union soldiers was the best that General Sherman could do.

At this crisis General Anderson resigned his command on account of ill health, and the mantle of authority fell on General Sherman; no very desirable honor at that time, for "most of the fighting young men of Kentucky had gone to join the rebels. The non-combatants were divided in sentiment, and most of them far from friendly. He lacked men, and most of those he had were poorly armed. He lacked, also, means of transportation and munitions of war; and if the rebel generals had known his actual condition, they could have captured or driven his forces across the Ohio in less than ten days. He applied earnestly and persistently for reënforcements, and, at the same time, took every possible precaution to conceal his weakness from the enemy, as well as from the loyal public. At that time newspaper reporters were not always discreet, and often obtained and published the very facts that should have been concealed. He issued a stringent order excluding all reporters and correspondents from his lines. This brought down upon him the indignation of the press. More unfortunately still, he failed to impress the Secretary of War with the