45. Motives to Intellectual Action in America, 52. Speech on the Reception of the Sauks and Foxes, . 89. National Monument to Washington, 92. Elevating Influence of a Liberal Education, 98. Duty of American Citizens, 99. Liberty and Union, 101. Speech on the Reform Bill, 105. The Duty of American Citizens,. 106. Supposed Speech of Regulus to the Carthaginians, E. Kellogg. 350 115. The Religious Character of President Lincoln, 119. The Responsibilities of American Citizens,. POETRY. Clay, 355 Sydney Smith. 361 . J. A. Andrew. 373 THE FIFTH READER. ARTICULATION. Articulation is the utterance of the various vocal sounds represented by letters, and combinations of letters, in syllables. A Vowel is a letter which represents a free and uninterrupted sound of the human voice. A Consonant is a letter which cannot be sounded, or but imperfectly, without the aid of a vowel. A Letter is not itself a sound, but only the sign of a sound. The whole number of English sounds, which, for convenience, may be classed as "Elementary," or essentially simple, is forty-four. They are those indicated in the following tables of vowels and consonants (in large type); also, that of A long before R, and A intermediate. Some of these, however, are by some authors regarded as compound sounds. Some of the letters represent several elementary sounds, and an elementary sound is sometimes represented by more than one letter. An Equivalent is a letter, or a combination of letters, used to represent an elementary sound more appropriately represented by another letter or letters. The equivalents given in the following tables are those of most common occurrence. TABLE OF VOWEL SOUNDS. This table is designed for an exercise upon the vowel elements. These should be pronounced alone as well as in combination with the words given as examples. Let the class first pronounce the table in order, thus: A long, Fate, ā; A short, Fat, ǎ, &c.; then pronounce the column of elements alone. Remarks on the sounds of the letters will be found on page 1; also, under the Exercises on the vowel and the consonant sounds. The following vowel sounds cannot be easily pronounced alone, as distinct elements, so as to be distinguished from some of the other sounds. See re marks on a long before r, a intermediate, and on the obscure sounds, page 5. |