MAJOR-GENERALS IN THE PROVISIONAL ARMY. William W. Loring..N. Carolina. David E. Twiggs.........Georgia. * George B. Crittenden.. Kentucky. *Leonidas Polk.... .Louisiana. * Braxton Bragg..North Carolina. * Earl Van Dorn...... Mississippi. * Gustavus W. Smith...Kentucky. *Theoph. H. Holmes, N. Carolina. * William J. Hardee.....Georgia. * Benjamin Huger, South Carolina. *James Longstreet..... Alabama. * John B. Magruder. Virginia. * Thomas J. Jackson.... Virginia. *Mansfield Lovell.... Virginia. * E. Kirby Smith... ....Florida. Simon B. Buckner.... Kentucky. .... ...... ...... * John P. McCown.....Tennessee. *Daniel H. Hill..North Carolina. * Richard S. Ewell......Virginia. John C. Pemberton....Virginia. * Ambrose P. Hill.................... Virginia. John C. Breckinridge.... Virginia. Benj. F. Cheatham....Tennessee. Thomas C. Hindman...Arkansas. Rich'd H. Anderson, S. Carolina. * James E. B. Stuart.... Virginia. Jubal A. Early........Virginia. * *John H. Winder......Maryland. *Joseph R. Anderson....Virginia. Thomas R. Flournoy...Arkansas. L. Pope Walker........................ .Alabama. Felix K. Zollicoffer.....Tennessee. *Albert G. Blanchard..Louisiana. *Gabriel J. Rains.... N. Carolina. *Lafayette McLaws......Georgia. *Thonias F. Drayton.. S. Carolina. Adley H. Gladden..... Louisiana. *Lloyd Tilghman...... Kentucky. *Nathan G. Evans....S. Carolina. *Cadmus M. Wilcox...Tennessee. *Philip St. G. Cocke..... Virginia, R. E. Rodes..... Richard Taylor........Louisiana. Louis T. Wigfall... *James H. Trapier...S. Carolina. *Samuel G. French....Mississippi. *Hugh W. Mercer........Georgia William H Carroll.....Tennessee. *Humphrey Marshall...Kentucky. Richard Griffith....... Mississippi. *Alex. P. Stewart..... Tennessee. Alabama. .....Texas. ....... ........ ... *W. Montgomery Gardner....Ga. *Richard B. Garnett.....Virginia William Mahone.... Virginia. L. O'B. Branch.... North Carolina. *George H. Stewart..... .Maryland. *Wm. W. Mackall, Dist. Columbia. John K. Jackson... ....Georgia. *Henry Heth............. Virginia. *Johnson K. Duncan...Louisiana. Joseph L. Hogg... ....Texas *Edward Johnson....... Virginia. Wm. S. Featherstone.. Mississippi. Howell Cobb..... ....Georgia. *John H. Forney..... Alabama. *B. R. Johnson.. Tennessee. William Preston... Kentucky. ....... *John B. Villipigue......Georgia. *Thomas K. Jackson.. *J. M. Withers..... *John B. Hood..... Alabama. Texas. *George B. Anderson, N. Carolina. J. J. Pettigrew....South Carolina. M. Jenkins.......South Carolina. Tenuessee. ........ ....... .. ... Missouri. Virginia. ..Virginia. . Arkansas. .Georgia. ...Texas. Missouri. *John S. Bowen..... *Lewis A. Armistead.........Virginia. Paul Semmes.... Tennessee. Arkansas. .Georgia. .Missouri. Virginia. Louisiana. *Abraham Buford......Kentucky. John S. Marmaduke.....Missouri. Tennessee. J. B. Kershaw....South Carolina. Arkansas. Humphrey Bate.... *W. H. F. Lee..... .Virginia. James G. Martin. .... J. Patton Anderson......Florida. Ledbetter.. Turner Ashby..........Virginia. J. L. Kemper.... Tennessee. ........Georgia. .N. Carolina. .Tennessee. Virginia. The following were born in the North: General Samuel Cooper, New York; Maj.-General John C. Pemberton, Pennsylvania; Brig.-Generals William H. C. Whiting, A. B. Blanchard, Massachusetts; Johnson K. Duncan, Pennsylvania; Roswell S. Ripley, Ohio; Ledbetter, Connecticut; 8. G. French, New Jersey; D. M. Frost. * Graduates of West Point Military Academy. M. EXTRACTS FROM A PAMPHLET ON THE DESTRUCTION OF COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, PUBLISHED IN 1865. [It was written by the gifted and accomplished William Gilmore Simms, LL. D. The facts therein set forth by Dr. Simms are believed by the author to be entirely true, and fully sustain what is said in the text, p. 510.] The destruction of Atlanta, the pillaging and burning of other towns of Georgia, and the subsequent devastation along the march of the Federal Army through Georgia, gave sufficient earnest of the treatment to be anticipated by South Carolina, should the same commander be permitted to make a like progress in our State. The Northern press furnished him the cri de guèrre to be sounded when he should cross our borders. "Va victis !"-woe to the conquered!-in the case of a people who had first raised the banner of Secession. "The howl of delight,” (such was the the language of the Northern press,) sent up by Sherman's legions, when they looked across the Savannah to the shores of Carolina, was the sure fore-runner of the terrible fate which threatened our people should the soldiers be once let loose upon our lands. Our people felt all the danger. The march of the Federals into our State was characterized by such scenes of license, plunder and general conflagration, as very soon showed that the threats of the Northern press, and of their soldiery, were not to be regarded as mere brutum fulmen. Day by day brought to the people of Columbia tidings of atrocities committed, and more extended progress. Daily did long trains of fugitives line the roads, with wives and children, and horses and stock and cattle, seeking refuge from the pursuers. Long lines of wagons covered the highways. Half-naked people cowered from the winter under bush-tents in the thickets, under the eaves of houses, under the railroad sheds, and in old cars left them along the route. All these repeated the same story of suffering, violence, poverty and nakedness. Habitation after habitation, village after village-one sending up its signal flames to the other, presaging for it the same fate-lighted the winter and midnight sky with crimson horrors. No language can describe nor can any catalogue furnish an adequate detail of the wide-spread destruction of homes and property. Granaries were emptied, and where the grain was not carried off, it was strewn to waste under the feet of the cavalry, or consigned to the fire which consumed the dwelling. The negroes were robbed equally with the whites of food and clothing. The roads were covered with butchered cattle, hogs, mules, and the costliest furniture. Valuable cabinets, rich pianos, were not only hewn to pieces, but bottles of ink, turpentine, oil, whatever could efface or destroy, was employed to defile and ruin. Horses were ridden into the houses. People were forced from their beds, to permit the search after hidden treasures. The beautiful homesteads of the Parish country, with their wonderful tropical gardens, were ruined; ancient dwellings of black cypress, one hundred years old, which had been reared by the fathers of the Republic --men whose names were famous in Revolutionary history-were given to the flames as recklessly as were the rude hovels; choice pictures and works of art, from Europe, select and numerous libraries, objects of peace wholly, were all destroyed. The inhabitants, black no less than white, were left to starve, compelled to feed only upon the garbage to be found in the abandoned camps of the soldiers. The corn scraped up from the spots where the horses fed, has been the only means of life left to thousands but lately in affluence. And thus plundering, and burning, the troops made their way through a portion of Beaufort into Barnwell District, where they pursued the same game. The villages of Buford's Bridge, of Barnwell, Blackville, Graham's, Bamberg, Midway, were more or less destroyed; the inhabitants everywhere left homeleless and without food. The horses and mules, all cattle and hogs, whenever fit for service or for food, were carried off, and the rest shot. Every implement of the workman or the farmer, tools, plows, hoes, gins, looms, wagons, vehicles, was made to feed the flames. From Barnwell to Orangeburg and Lexington was the next progress, marked everywhere by the same sweeping destruction. Both of these Court towns were partially burned. Hardly had the troops reached the head of Main Street, when the work of pillage was begun. Stores were broken open within the first hour after their arrival, and gold, silver, jewels and liquors, eagerly sought. The authorities, officers, soldiers, all, seemed to consider it a matter of course. And woe to him who carried a watch with gold chain pendant; or who wore a choice hat, or overcoat, or boots or shoes. He was stripped in the twinkling of an eye. It is computed that, from first to last, twelve hundred watches were transferred from the pockets of their owners to those of the soldiers. Purses shared the same fate; nor was the Confederate currency repudiated. But of all these things hereafter, in more detail. At about 12 o'clock, the jail was discovered to be on fire from within. This building was immediately in rear of the Market, or City Hall, and in a densely built portion of the city. The supposition is that it was fired by some of the prisoners-all of whom were released and subsequently followed the army. The fire of the jail had been preceded by that of some cotton piled in the streets. Both fires were soon subdued by the firemen. At about half-past one P. M., that of the jail was rekindled, and was again extinguished. Some of the prisoners, who had been confined at the Asylum, had made their escape, in some instances, a few days before, and were secreted and protected by citizens. No one felt safe in his own dwelling; and, in the faith that General Sherman would respect the Convent, and have it properly guarded, numbers of young ladies were confided to the care of the Mother Superior, and even trunks of clothes and treasure were sent thither, in full confidence that they would find safety. Vain illusions! The Irish Catholic troops, it appears, were not brought into the city at all; were kept on the other side of the river. But a few Catholics were collected among the corps which occupied the city, and of the conduct of these, a favorable account is given. One of them rescued a silver goblet of the church, used as a drinking cup by a soldier, and restored it to the Rev. Dr. O'Connell. This priest, by the way, was severely handled by the soldiers. Such, also, was the fortune of the Rev. Mr. Shand, of Trinity (the Episcopal) Church, who sought in vain to save a trunk containing the sacred vessels of his church. It was violently wrested from his keeping, and his struggle to save it only provoked the rougher usage. We are since told that, on reaching Camden, General Sherman restored what he believed were these vessels to Bishop Davis. It has since been discovered that the plate belonged to St. Peter's Church, in Charleston. And here it may be well to mention, as suggestive of many clues, an incident which presented a sad commentary on that confidence in the security of the Convent, which was entertained by the great portion of the people. This establishment, under the charge of the sister of the Right Rev. Bishop Lynch, was at once a Convent and an Academy of the highest class. Hither were sent for education the daughters of Protestants, of the most wealthy classes throughout the State; and these, with the nuns and those young ladies sent thither on the emergency, probably exceeded one hundred. The Lady Superior herself entertained the fullest confidence in the immunities of the establishment. But her confidence was clouded, after she had enjoyed a conference with a certain Major of the Yankee army, who described himself as an editor, from Detroit. He visited her at an early hour in the day, and announced his friendly sympathies with the Lady Superior and the sisterhood; professed his anxiety for their safety; his purpose to do all that he could to insure it declared that he would instantly go to Sherman and secure a chosen guard; and, altogether, made such professions of love and service, as to disarm those suspicions, which his bad looks and bad manners, inflated speech and pompous carriage, might otherwise have provoked. The Lady Superior, with such a charge in her hands, was naturally glad to welcome all shows and prospects of support, and expressed her gratitude. He disappeared, and soon after re-appeared, bringing with him no less than eight or ten men-none of them, as he admitted, being Catholics. |