546 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. his name, and between the years 1850 and 1856, published several works on ordnance. He was in command of the South Atlantic blockading squadron from July, 1863, till March, 1865. His attempts to capture Charleston were unavailing, and both he and General Gilmore, the commander of the land forces before Charleston, came to the conclusion that it was not in their power to gain possession of the city. Admiral Dahlgren had great faith in iron clad vessels, but they were found incapable of effecting the capture. REAR-ADMIRAL ANDREW HULL FOOTE was born in New Haven, Connecticut, September 12th, 1806, and entered the navy as acting midshipman at the age of sixteen. He had arrived at the rank of commander in 1856, was commissioned captain in July 1861, and in September was made flag officer of the flotilla then fitting out in the Western waters. On the 6th of February, 1862, without awaiting the arrival of General Grant, he attacked, and in two hours, compelled an unconditional surrender of Fort Henry, on the Tennessee River. On the 14th, he opened fire on Fort Donelson, and in an hour and a half silenced the heavy water batteries of the enemy. The injuries sustained by two vessels, made it necessary to depend on the land forces for the capture of the place, and the flotilla withdrew. Foote was severely wounded, but moved up to destroy some iron works at Clarksville, and after resting some time at Cairo, proceeded down the Mississippi. The enemy, on his approach, abandoned the strong positions of Columbus at Hickman. During the siege of Island Number Ten, Foote remained at his post, but on the fall of the place, obtained leave of absence in consequence of his wound. In June, 1863, he was sent to relieve Admiral Dupont in the command of the South Atlantic blackading squadron. While preparing for his departure, he died at New York, June 26th, 1863. BIOGRAPHIES OF LEADING CONFEDERATES. JEFFERSON DAVIS was born June, 1808, in Christian county, Kentucky. He studied in Transylvania college in his native State, and on finishing his course, entered West Point in 1824, and graduated in 1828, receiving the appointment of brevet second lieutenant. He served in the Black Hawk war, became first lieutenant of dragoons in 1833, and participated in the various expeditions against the Camanches, Pawnees, and other Indian tribes on the frontier. Resigning from the army in 1835, he returned to Mississippi, and began his career as a planter. In 1843, he became an active politician, and in 1844 was chosen one of the Democratic Electors for the State of Mississippi. In 1845, he was chosen to represent that State in Congress, when he displayed considerable abilities as a speaker, and won a high political reputation. In July, 1846, he was appointed Colonel of a Mississippi regiment for the Mexican war and joined General Taylor on the Rio Grande, participating in the battles of Monterey and Buena Vista. In the latter, he was severely wounded, and received the commendation of General Scott. Returning to Mississippi in the summer, the governor of the State appointed him to fill a seat left vacant in the United States Senate. After his term had expired, in March, 1851, he was chosen for another period. In 1852 he was made Secretary of war, under Franklin Pierce's administration, at the close of which he was again elected to the Senate of the United States by the Mississippi Legislature, for the full term of six years. On January 9th, 1861, Mississippi, by an ordinance of Secession, separated from the Union, and soon after Mr. Davis resigned his seat in the Federal Senate. The rebel Congress met at Montgomery, Alabama, on Monday, February 4th, 1861, and, during several successive days, perfected the organization of the infant Confederacy. On the sixth day a "provisional" Constitution was adopted, and Jefferson Davis elected President of the seceding States. He was the animating spirit of the Confederacy; its armies obeyed him, its privateers by his directions preyed on the commerce of the United States, and all movements of importance were under his supervision. On the surrender of 548 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Lee, Davis fled, and was captured at Trivinsville, Georgia, on the 11th of May, 1865. From thence, he was transferred to Fortress Monroe, a prisoner of the Government. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL ROBERT EDWARD For LEE Son of "Light Horse Harry," of Revolutionary fame, was born in Stratford, Virginia, in 1806, and graduated at West Point, second of his class, in 1829. He was appointed brevet second lieutenant of topographical engineers, in which he served until 1835, when he became assistant astronomer. By his marriage, in 1832, with Miss Custis, who was descended from Mrs. Washington, he became proprietor of the Arlington estate, and the well known White House on the Pamunkey. He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1836, and in 1838, to captain. In 1846, he received the appointment of chief engineer to the central army of Mexico, under General Wool, and held that position under Scott, being at the same time a member of that general's staff. He was conspicuous for gallantry at Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Cherubusco, and Chapultepec. meritorious services, he was successively breveted major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel, sent with his regiment in 1852 to New Mexico, and in the autumn of the same year became Superintendent of the military academy, West Point. In April, 1855, he was transferred to the second cavalry with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and served a few years in Texas, and on the frontier. In March, 1861, he was appointed colonel of the first United States cavalry. On April 20th, 1861, having resigned his commission in order to share the fortunes of his State, he was made the commander of all the Confederate troops in Virginia with the rank of major-general. Richmond, having become the capital of the Confederacy, and the rebel troops in Virginia, a part of its army, Lee then ranked as a brigadier, and after the death of General Garnett, succeeded him in Western Virginia. He was defeated with heavy loss by General John F. Reynolds, at Cheat Mountain, September 12th, 1861. In December, 1861, he was in charge of the coast defences of South Carolina, and Georgia, and in March, 1862, was similarly engaged at Richmond. General Joseph E. Johnston having been wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks, Lee succeeded him, in command of the Confederate army, with MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH ECCLESTON JOHNSTON. 519 which he fought the seven days' fight, the battles of Popes campaign, and also that of Antietam. After the latter battle, he led his army in retreat across the Potomac, and took up a position on the line of the Rappahannock. He participated in all the battles in Northern Virginia, gained the advantage at Chancellorsville, and Fredericksburg, was defeated at Gettysburg, and contended with the Union forces, with varying success, in the autumn of 1863. In 1864, he displayed great energy, through an arduous campaign, and in January, 1865, he was made commander-in-chief, of the whole military force of the Confederacy. Richmond and Petersburg were evacuated on the 3d of April, and on the 9th General Lee surrendered the army of Northern Virginia to General Grant. He afterward became President of Washington College, Virginia. MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH ECCLESTON JOHNSTON was born in Prince Edward's county, Virginia, in 1808, graduated at West Point in 1829, and was breveted second lieutenant of artillery. He was made first lieutenant and commissary in 1836, transferred to the topographical engineers in 1838, and received the brevet of captain for bravery and skill during the Florida war. In 1846, he was promoted to a captaincy, and in 1847, breveted lieutenant colonel of Voltigeurs. He served in Mexico, was severely wounded in a reconnoissance near Cerro Gordo, and distinguished for gallantry at Chapultepec and Molino del Rey. In 1855, he was breveted a lieutenant-colonel of the first cavalry, and in 1860, received the appointment of quartermaster-general, of the armies of the United States, with a brigadier's rank. In April, 1861, he espoused the Confederate cause, was commissioned a major-general, and put in command of the rebel army in the Shenandoah valley. Escaping General Patterson, he moved toward Manassas, which he reached on the 20th of July at noon. next day, he fought in the battle of Bull Run, under Beauregard. He commanded the army of Virginia during the siege of Yorktown, and the battle of Williamsburg, and was severely wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks. November, 1862, he was appointed to command the forces east of the Mississippi, including the troops under Bragg, Kirby Smith, and others. During the Vicksburg campaign, The In 550 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. he was in command of Jackson, from which Sherman, in July, 1863, forced him to retreat. After the defeat of Bragg at Chattanooga, General Johnston took command of the army against Sherman, and exhibited considerable strategic ability during the Atlanta campaign. He was superseded by General Hood, but, during the campaign in the Carolinas, was re-instated, and fought the battles of Averysboro and Bentonville. Hearing of Lee's surrender, Johnston at once proposed to capitulate and after some delay, the arrangements were completed April 26th, 1865, General Johnston then returned to his allegiance, and the duties of civil life. MAJOR-GENERAL PETER G. T. BEAUREGARD was born in Louisiana in 1817, graduated with honor at West Point in 1838, and was assigned to the corps of engineers. He was made first lieutenant in January, 1840, and during the war with Mexico, was distinguished for bravery and skill, being breveted captain after the battle of Cherubusco, and major after that of Chapultepec. He gained great reputation during that war for engineering skill. In 1861, he was selected by Jefferson Davis to reduce Fort Sumter, and the bombardment began on April 12th, 1861, a memorable era. On the 15th, the fort was evacuated, by the gallant Anderson and his men with all the honors of war. On the 3d of June, 1861, General Beauregard assumed command of the Confederate forces at Manassas Junction. On the 21st of July, the battle of Bull Run was fought. The rebel army had been driven back half a mile, and Beauregard was preparing to retreat to his lines at Manassas Junction, when Johnston having eluded, Patterson brought up his ten thousand fresh troops, to the field, and thus decided the battle against the Union forces. In 1863, Beauregard commanded at Charleston, when it was attacked by General Gilmore. The Forts Wagner and Battery Gregg, were evacuated on the 6th of September, but Beauregard had so fortified Charleston that it could only be taken by a flank movement. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON of the Confederate army, was born in Lewis County, Western Virginia, January 21st, 1824, graduated at |