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STUART'S RAID INTO PENNSYLVANIA.

hundred and thirty-two prisoners and missing. The Confederate loss amounted to one thousand four hundred and twenty-three killed, five thousand six hundred and ninety-two wounded, and two thousand two hundred and forty-eight taken prisoners, including one hundred and thirty-seven officers. This victory shows the great valor of the Union troops, and displays the remarkable success of Rosecrans. Thus ended the fruitless attempt on the part of the Confederates, to invade the loyal States of the Northwest. Their design to carry the war North was rendered abortive. Kirby Smith had entered Kentucky, and at Richmond, defeated the new troops sent to dispute his passage. He had caused the Federals to evacuate Cumberland Gap, and after exciting great apprehensions for the safety of Cincinnati, he retreated without molestation. Bragg, who acted in concert with him, had eluded General Buell without a battle. He now threatened Nashville and Bowling Green, invaded Kentucky, and defeated and captured the Union forces who opposed him at Mumfordsville.

The rebel Generals Morgan and Forrest had been baffled in their attempts on Nashville, a little later; the attempt to recapture Fort Donelson had also failed. The plan which Bragg had successfully tried with General Buell, signally failed with such able commanders as Grant and Rosecrans. He found the hero of Iuka too wily, as well as too intrepid, and was himself nearly captured. The attempt of Price, Van Dorn, and Lovell, to regain possession of Corinth, was repelled with heavy loss. The rebels were outgeneralled; the invasion was a signal failure, and the design was consequently abandoned.

General Lee, as far back as August, had conceived the design of a raid on Pennsylvania. Accordingly, he ordered General J. E. B. Stuart, on the 8th of October, to cross the Potomac above Williamsport with fifteen hundred cavalry, and leaving Hagerstown and Greencastle on the right, to move to the rear of Chambersburg, destroy the railroad bridge across the Concocheague, and inflict such other damage on the loyal people as he should deem expedient. He (Lee) at the same time instructed Colonel Imboden, with another body of cavalry, to make a feint on Cumberland, Maryland, to draw off attention from Stuart's operations. Stuart, in purs'iance of his instructions, left Darksville on

STUART'S RAID INTO PENNSYLVANIA.

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the 9th of October, with the force designated, and supported by four pieces of artillery. Crossing the Potomac early on the 10th, at McCoy's ford, between Williamsport and Hancock, he moved north to the great national road between Hancock and Hagerstown. Here he captured a signal station and ten prisoners, and at noon reached Mercersburg. Without halting, he moved rapidly on Chambersburg, and arrived at that town on the 11th. No attempt was made upon the supplies at Hagerstown, as the army of McClellan was in too close proximity.

The motley force of Stuart, at Chambersburg, was conducted to the Provost-marshal's, as no one made a profession of holding any office in the town. Stuart demanded an immediate surrender of the place, on pain of its being shelled in three minutes. An interview then took place between him and some influential citizens. On condition of security to person, and restraint from plunder, the town was surrendered without resistance, and the rebels occupied the place. Breaking open the stables, they took the best horses, carried away from the barns all the forage which they could bear, and plundered several stores. In this work, the night was busily spent. Next morning at nine o'clock, they laid the machine shops and warehouses of the Valley railroad in ashes. No money was found in the bank, as it had been conveyed to a place of safety. They destroyed the telegraph, and paroled two hundred and sev enty-five soldiers who were sick and wounded in the hospital. Moving toward South Mountain, they proceeded in the direction of Gettysburg, and crossing the Blue Ridge, returned toward Hagerstown, then toward Emmettsburg, after which they marched on Frederick. Before reaching the latter place, they crossed the Monocacy, and moved during the night through Liberty, New Market, and Monrovia. After capturing a few wagons at Hyattville, they proceeded toward Poolesville, and when near the Monocacy encountered the Union cavalry under General Alfred Pleasonton, consisting of a part of the Eighth Illinois, Third Indiana, and two guns of Remington's battery; a brisk artillery duel ensued. During its continuance, the main body of the enemy moved toward, and crossed the Potomac without losing a man, though se eral were wounded. Pleasonton's

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GREAT FEDERAL CAVALRY CHIEFS.

whole force did not exceed five hundred. The raid was successful, and the enemy escaped.

The Confederate cavalry had been organized and was very efficient. This arm of the service had hitherto been neglected by the Federals. A change in this respect, however, took place, and shall be described on a future page, in which the superiority of the Union cavalry will be apparent. Such great cavalry chiefs as Stoneman, Pleasonton, Kilpatrick, Averill, Custer, Merritt, Wilson, Sheridan and others, will be found to shine forth with undying renown, and to be equal to the most illustrious of any, both of ancient or modern times.

CHAPTER XXVII

OCTOBER, 1862.

BATTLE OF LAVERGNE, TENNESSEE-BATTLE OF THE HATCHIE RIVEREXPEDITION TO THE ST. JOHN'S RIVER, FLORIDA-BATTLE OF PERRY. VILLE-GALLANTRY OF ROSSEAU-THE NINTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY -ESCAPE OF BRAGG-BUELL REMOVED FROM THE COMMAND-GENERAL ROSECRANS COMMANDS THE ARMY OF THE OHIO-THE PLUNDER CARRIED OFF FROM KENTUCKY-EPITOME OF MINOR EVENTS.

ON the 7th of October, 1862, General James Negley ordered a movement against a detachment of the enemy under General Samuel Anderson, posted at Lavergne, near Nashville, Tennessee, which proved successful, and caused them to decamp. The Union force employed for this purpose was divided into two columns, led by Colonels Palmer and Miller. They first moved on Lavergne by the Murfreesboro road, and the latter pursued a route on the left of the railroad. On reaching the Confederate camp, an attempt was made to outflank them by the Thirty-second Alabama, massed on their right. The enemy was thrown into some confusion by the explosion of a shell in their powder magazine. The battle raged with great fury. Colonel Miller fiercely attacked the Alabamians, and assisted by the Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania, drove them back. A cavalry charge, made on this latter regiment, was met by a fire so destructive as to break the enemy's ranks, and pursued in utter rout, many surrendered. They were driven out of their works by artillery, and fled to the refuge of the woods. A large number of prisoners was captured by the Fourteenth Michigan and Twenty-first Ohio. The victory was complete before General Negley had arrived from Nashville with the reinforcement of three regiments and a battery. The victors found in the enemy's camp one gun, four hundred small arms, a regimental standard, and a quantity of provisions. The Federal loss was five killed, nine wounded, and four missing. The Confederate prisoners were three hundred in number, including Colonels Langford and Maury, and several other officers.

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BATTLE OF THE HATCHIE RIVER.

On the 5th of October, the rebels were routed at Hatchie, on the Mississippi, hy a portion of the patriots who had covered themselves with glory at Corinth. The Federals, under Generals Hurlbut and Ord, consisted of thirty thousand men. The enemy, under Van Dorn and Price, had about the same number, comprising fifty-six regiments of infantry and three thousand cavalry. Being pursued by the two Union generals after the battle of Corinth, the enemy were encountered near the Hatchie river. The Federal troops had marched twenty-four miles in the heat and dust of the day, and though skirmishing took place on the 4th, the day of their arrival, no engagement ensued. During the night, the enemy was busy in throwing up intrenchments. On the 5th, the Federals moved against them, the Fourteenth Illinois and Twenty-eighth Indiana having been thrown forward as skirmishers.

A gentle, undulating hill, which descended to the bridge crossing the stream, was the object for which a heavy struggle took place about nine o'clock A. M. The bridge was defended by a battery supported with infantry. The rebel guns, at this point, were responded to by Bolton's battery. An attempt to flank the Union right wing was defeated by the fire of Burnap's battery, and the expert infantry sharpshooters. The advancing column of the enemy was thrown into confusion, routed, and compelled to retire from the field. All the troops on both sides, except those just mentioned, now began a determined engagement. The first line of the Federals, bravely led by General James C. Veatch, became engaged with the troops which the enemy had sent across the bridge. The fight was desperately maintained for twenty minutes, when four hundred rebels surrendered. Hundreds more, fleeing to the river, swam to the opposite bank. Here, Colonel Davis, of the Forty-sixth Illinois, was seriously wounded. During this contest, General Hurlbut led the rest of the Union troops to the charge, and advancing on the bridge, drove the enemy across and pursued them. The Twenty-fifth and Fifty-third Indiana, and Fourteenth and Fifteenth Illinois, pressed gallantly on through the storm of grape and canister hurled upon the bridge; many fell on the passage. When these brave troops, and the brigade of General Lanman had rossed, they charged and drove the enemy