EXAMPLES. That some substances will burn under water, is proved by experiment." "At what time he took orders, doth not appear." Def. 13. A Sentence is Substantive when it performs a substantive office in the structure of a sentence. [See NOTE above.] "That some substances will burn under water, is proved by experiment." What is proved by experiment? "That some substances will burn under water." "And Gehazi said, Thy servant went no whither." "And cries of 'Live for ever,' struck the skies." Cries of what? "Live for ever." NOTE. A Substantive Phrase or Sentence generally answers to the question what? THE PREDICATE (C). Def. 14. The Predicate of a Sentence is the word or words that express what is affirmed of the Subject. NOTE. The Predicate asserts something of the subject. 1. It may assert an act-as, William walks. 2. It may assert being-as, God exists. 3. It may assert a quality-as, Sugar is sweet. 4. It may assert possession-as, Thine is the kingdom. 6. It may assert condition-as, Its idle hopes are o'er. 7. It may assert change of condition-as, His palsied hand waxed strong, &c., &c., &c. The assertion is made-often by one word, sometimes by two, three, four or five words. [See examples below.] Prin. VII. The Predicate of a Sentence must consist of, at least, EXAMPLES. William studies. John saws wood. One VERB. Def. 15. A Verb is a word that asserts act, being, or state. EXAMPLES. "The Secretary stood alone. Modern degeneracy had not reached him." 'They were; but they are not." Prin. VIII. A Predicate may consist of EXAMPLES. I shall go. Do you understand? A VERB and a PARTICIPLE (H 2). EXAMPLES. We have seen him. Cora was singing. A VERB and an ADJECTIVE (H 3). EXAMPLES. His palsied hand waxed strong. Willie is sleepy. A VERB and a NOUN (H 4). EXAMPLES. Thou art Peter. A VERB and a PRONOUN (H 5). EXAMPLES. It is I. Thine is the kingdom. A VERB and a PREPOSITION (H 6). EXAMPLES. Its idle hopes are o'er. The game is up. NOTE. The elements of a Predicate mentioned above may be multiplied. Two VERBS and a NOUN. May we ever be friends. It may be he. Willie has become a Student. Two VERBS and a PRONOUN. Two "He will be the same, to-morrow and for ever." He might have been seen at the lecture. Two VERBS, a PARTICIPLE, and a PREPOSITION. "That might the more be wondered at." ONE VERB, a PARTICIPLE, and a PREPOSITION. Two VERBS, Two PARTICIPLES, and a PREPOSITION. "That business should have been attended to." [Other combinations of words may constitute a Predicate, but those specified above are the most common.] NOTE. The Predicate of a Sentence is sometimes understood, or, is represented by an Adverb EXAMPLE. "Back to thy punishment, false fugitive." THE OBJECT (D). Def. 16. The Object of a Sentence is the word or words on which the Act, expressed by the Predicate, ter minates. EXAMPLES. "The king of shadows loves a shining mark." Prin. IX. The Object of a Sen tence may be a WORD (K), EXAMPLES. He chid their wanderings, but relieved their pain. "I doubted his having been a soldier." "The captive spy then said, 'I am an American." Prin. X. A Word being the Ob ject of a Sentence, is a EXAMPLES. Columbus discovered America. NOUN (S), or PRONOUN (R). Prin. XI. A Phrase being the Object of a Sentence is, in its office, SUBSTANTIVE (Q). EXAMPLES. You should avoid embarrassing yourself with the affairs of others. I doubted his having been a soldier. NOTE. [For explanation of Substantive Phrases, see Def. 11-NOTE.] OBJECT SENTENCES (I). Prin. XII. A Sentence being the object of another Sentence is, in its office, SUBSTANTIVE (P). EXAMPLES. "While man exclaims, 'See all things for my use ;' NOTE. One Sentence is often the logical object of another sentence. "God never meant that man should scale the heavens EXAMPLE. By strides of human wisdom." [See Grammar, page 32.] ADJUNCTS (a). Def. 17. Adjuncts are words used to limit the signification, or modify the office of other words. EXAMPLES. "Our grief hath need of tears." "There Joy gilds the mountains all purple and bright." Prin. XIII. The Adjuncts of a Sentence are PRIMARY (b) or SECONDARY (c). EXAMPLES. "The eye could scarcely reach the lofty and noble ceiling." "He heard THE king's command, and saw THAT writing's truth." Def. 18. A Primary Adjunct is an adjunct of one of the Principal Parts of a Sentence or Phrase. EXAMPLES. "But Bozarris fell, bleeding at every vein." "Too low they build, who build beneath the stars." Def. 19. A Secondary Adjunct is an adjunct of an Adjunct. EXAMPLES. "But Bozarris fell, bleeding at every vein." "Too low they build, who build beneath the stars." NOTE. Although, in the Analysis of a Sentence, it is convenient to distinguish between Primary and Secondary Adjuncts, yet the "Principles" appertaining to Adjuncts are common to both classes. Hence, in examining those Principles, no distinction is made. Prin. XIV. An Adjunct may be a EXAMPLES. WORD (d), Good men seldom proclaim their own merits. The noblest cause mankind can have at stake." "BRILLIANTLY the glassy waters mirror BACK his smiles." Def. 20. An Adjective Adjunct is a word used to qualify or otherwise describe a being or thing. EXAMPLE. "Brilliantly the glassy waters mirror back his smiles." (b). For Observations on Adjectives, see Gr. pp. 59–63, and 164--8. Def. 21. An Adverb is a word used to modify the signification of a Verb, an Adjective or another modifier. EXAMPLES. William studies diligently. That rose is exceedingly beautiful. John studies VERY diligently. 'Brilliantly the glassy waters mirror back his smiles." ADJUNCT PHRASES (e). Def. 22. A Phrase is two or more words properly arranged, not constituting an entire proposition, but performing a distinct Etymological office. EXAMPLES. They must soon hear the roar of the last wave which will settle over them FOR EVER. Prin. XVI. An Adjunct Phrase is, in its office, ADJECTIVE (1) or ADVERBIAL (m). EXAMPLES. "I have looked o'er the hills OF THE STORMY NORTH." "Across the ocean came a pilgrim bark, Bearing the seeds of life and death." Def. 23. An Adjective Phrase is a phrase used as an Adjunct of a Noun or Pronoun. |