porting them during the time of their education. Many of the London Companies have Exhibitions of this description in their gift.

The Servitors also may be considered as Depen→ dent Members, having certain emoluments from their Society, whilst they enjoy all the benefits of a collegiate education.

In each College one of the Fellows is appointed to superintend its management during the absence of the Head. He takes his title from that of the Governor of the College, Vice-President, Sub-Rector, &c.

The Tutors undertake the direction of the classical, mathematical, and other studies of the junior members; they prepare them for the Public Examinations, and furnish them with advice and assistance in other respects; many of the Under-Graduates have also private Tutors.

The office of Dean (or Censor at Christ Church,) consists in the due preservation of the College discipline. He also presents the candidates for degrees in Arts, in the House of Convocation.

The Bursar receives the rents from the estates and other property belonging to the College; he disburses all sums necessary for the expenses of the Society, and pays the stipends of the Fellows, Scholars, &c. He is generally assisted by another officer, entitled Junior Bursar.

In the Colleges that have choirs, the Singing Clerks, Choristers, and Organists, may also be reckoned among the Dependent Members.

The established College Servants are the Butler, who has the care of the books in which the names of the members are entered, the College plate, &c.

and who delivers out bread, beer, butter, and .cheese.

The Manciple, who purchases the provisions; the Cook, and the Porter; also

The Barber, or Tonsor, who was formerly of considerable consequence; so much so, that to this day the Proctors entertain the Fraternity, which is an incorporated Company, with an annual supper at their apartments. No barber nor hair-dresser can practise his trade in the University, unless he be matriculated, that is, unless his name be entered in the books of the University, before the Vice-Chancellor, when he takes the oath of matriculation.

The Independent Members are Noblemen; Gentlemen Commoners, (at Worcester College, called Fellow Commoners); and Commoners.

The Noblemen are Peers and sons of Peers of England, Scotland, and Ireland. If they proceed regularly in their degrees, they submit to the same forms, and undergo the same Examinations, as every other member of the University. Some years since it was rather unusual for them to take any other than an honorary degree; but lately we have seen Noblemen even in the first class of the Examinations, and they now prefer the more solid honor of Bachelor of Arts, gained by a close attention to their studies, to that of an honorary degree of Master of Arts, given in full Convocation.

Gentlemen Commoners are young men of family and fortune, who are educated at their own expense. The fees, &c. of a Nobleman and Gentleman Commoner are higher than those of a Commoner,

A Commoner is a young gentleman who resides in the University at his own expense.

It may be proper to observe, that all members of the University are placed on the same footing with regard to discipline, and that neither rank nor riches can, in the slightest degree, tolerate any infringement of the statutes, nor advance their possessors to academical distinctions, in the absence of the real, substantial claim of literary merit.

UNIVERSITY DEGREES.

The first degree taken in the University is that of Bachelor of Arts; for this a residence of sixteen Terms is necessary, Michaelmas and Hilary Terms requiring six weeks', Easter and Trinity, three weeks' residence, according to the regulations of the University; for the Colleges vary as to the time they require their own members to reside, but in no case can it fall short of the period prescribed by the University. As the Term in which any one is matriculated, and that in which he takes his Degree, are excepted, and two more are dispensed with by Congregation, the residence may, in point of fact, be stated at twelve Terms. The sons of the English, Scotch, and Irish Peers, and the eldest sons of Baronets and Knights, when matriculated as such, and not on the foundation of any College, are allowed to have their Degrees after having completed three years. Previously to admission to this Degree, it is necessary to undergo two Examinations: the first termed Responsions, the second, a Public Examination. Responsions must be performed from the sixth to the ninth Term inclusive, when the Examination is in the Classics, Logic, and the Elements of Euclid. After entering the fourth year of resi dence, the candidate must be publicly examined in

the Rudiments of Religion, including a knowledge of the Gospels in the original Greek, the Classics, Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, Logic and Latin Composition, to which the candidate may add Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. If the candidates distinguish themselves, they are placed, according to their merit, in the first or second class, and their names published. The list, which is alphabetical, points out whether the candidate excelled in the Litera Humaniores, (Classics, &c.) or in the Discipline Mathematicæ et Physicæ, (Mathematics and Natural Philosophy,) and it is by no means a rare case to find the same name placed in the first class of both the honourable columns. In the list which is published, a line is drawn after the second class, and the names of those who merited less distinction are alphabetically inserted; this is called being under the line. The names of such as have not distinguished themselves in their Examination are not published. The Examinations take place in the Schools, before the Examining Masters, who are always gentlemen eminent for their learning. A Bachelor is entitled to his Degree of Master of Arts, twelve Terms after the regular time for taking his first Degree, without any further examination. One Term of intermediate residence, comprising one-andtwenty days, is all that is requisite.

A Student in Civil Law undergoes the same Examination as that for Bachelor of Arts, previously to his being admitted Bachelor of Civil Law. The number of Terms to be kept for this Degree is twenty-eight, which, by dispensation, may be reduced to seventeen.

A Bachelor in Divinity receives his Degree

seven years from the time of his Regency, which is taken out the first Act after his Master's Degree. The Act is the first Tuesday in July. No one is entitled to vote in the University until he has taken his Regency.

A Doctor of Divinity, four years after his Degree of Bachelor of Divinity.

A Doctor in Civil Law, five years from his Bachelor's Degree.

A Bachelor in Medicine, one year from his Regency.

A Doctor in Medicine, three years after his Degree of Bachelor.

For the Degree of Bachelor and Doctor of Music, no examination in the Schools is necessary, as for other Degrees; but the Candidates prepare a Composition, which, being previously examined and approved of by the Professor of Music, is publicly performed in the Music School, before the ViceChancellor, and Officers of the University, with such of the members as think proper to attend.

UNIVERSITY DRESSES.

GRADUATES.

The Doctor in Divinity has three Dresses: the first consists of a gown of scarlet cloth, with black velvet sleeves and facings, a cassock, sash, and scarf. This Dress is worn on all public occasions in the Theatre, in public processions, and on those Sundays and Holidays which are marked thus (*) in the OXFORD CALENDAR. The second is a habit of scarlet cloth, and a hood of the same colour lined with black, and a black silk scarf: the Master