moved and seemed to be, as he really was, every inch a General. Of the results of his almost incessant active service during that eventful year, it is unnecessary to speak further than that they were abundant in prisoners, trophies, and valuable captures. Early in 1865, he was made Brigadier-General by brevet. He left the service soon after the final surrender. In the fall he engaged in planting in the Yazoo country, gathering around him a number of his former officers and men.

"Without detracting from the distinction achieved by other cavalrymen whom the country has honored, it may be justly said that General Osband possessed, in an extraordinary degree, those qualities which contribute to success in the most difficult branch of the military service, and which would have ultimately won him a renown second to that of few others."

As commander at Memphis Brevet Major-General A. L. Chetlain filled an important position, and was invested with serious responsibilities. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, December 26, 1826, of French-Swiss parents, who removed subsequently to the lead mines in the vicinity of Galena. After receiving a liberal English education, the son engaged in mercantile business in Galena in 1859. Nine years later he sold out and went to Europe, remaining nearly one year; returning he engaged actively as a supporter of Mr. Lincoln in the contest of 1860.

Mr. Lincoln tendered him the appointment of Consul to Leipsic, but war came and he enlisted, aided in raising a company, and was elected its Captain. When the 12th Infantry was organized Governor Yates commissioned him its Lieutenant-Colonel. In September, 1861, he was placed by General C. F. Smith in command of Smithland, Kentucky, where he remained until January, 1862, when he rejoined his regiment and accompanied it, with General Smith, in the campaign up Tennessee River. At Fort Donelson he commanded the 12th, which held the extreme right of the line, and acquitted itself with great gallantry, losing heavily in killed and wounded. For gallant conduct he was promoted to be Colonel of the 12th. He commanded the 12th at Shiloh, where it lost about one fourth of its number in killed and wounded, including several officers, and again at Corinth where it made a brilliant fight against heavy odds,

and received honorable mention from its brigade commander, General Oglesby. He was put in command of Corinth where he remained until May, 1862. Upon being relieved, General G. M. Dodge complimented, in general orders, his faithfulness and efficiency.

While here he assisted actively in raising the first regiment of colored troops organized in the West north of New Orleans, afterward known as the 55th regiment United States colored troops. He early believed that black men could fight and must fight before the war could close.

In December, 1863, he received his well won promotion to be Brigadier-General, and, at General Grant's suggestion, the War Department placed him in charge of the organization of colored troops in Tennessee. In the summer of 1864, Kentucky was added to his field. In January, 1865, he had in his charge 17,000 colored troops, and of this number one brigade did heroic fighting at Nashville. For his efficiency in this department he received the rank of Major-General by brevet.

General Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant-General United States army, in the summer of 1865, when making his general report to the War Department, speaks of General Chetlain as follows: "BrigadierGeneral Chetlain reported to me and I assigned him as Superintendent of recruiting service in West Tennessee, and afterward in the entire State. He proved a most valuable officer, for I found him to possess both intelligence and zeal, with a rare qualification for the organization of troops. He never failed in any duty he was assigned either as Superintendent or as an Inspector, to which latter duty I assigned him, and I am gratified that he was subsequently rewarded by a Brevet Major-General." From January to October, 1865, he commanded the post and defenses of Memphis. From October, 1865, to February, 1866, he commanded the District of Talladega, Alabama; subsequently he was honorably mustered out, thus closing an honorable and highly meritorious service under the banner of the country.

After the close of the war, the public was startled by the announcement of the sudden death on Tuesday, May 6, 1866, of Brevet Colonel Theodore S. Bowers, United States Army, Assistant Adjutant-General to Lieutenant-General Grant, who lost his life at

Garrison's Station in attempting to get on the cars while in motion. He was born in Pennsylvania, October 10, 1832, but was resident from boyhood in Mount Carmel, Illinois. When the war came he was editing the Register, but determined to enter the service upon the reception of the intelligence of the defeat at Bull Run.

"He commenced recruiting a company immediately, was enrolled at Mount Carmel, September 1, 1861, and mustered into the service a private in Company G, 48th Regiment Illinois Infantry Volun. teers at Camp Butler, Illinois, October 25, 1861, to serve for three years. He declined the captaincy of the company he had mainly raised, in consequence of the taunts of his former political associates, that he entered the service for its offices and emoluments, and resolved to shame them by setting an example of disinterested patriotism.

"His regiment was soon ordered to Cairo, Illinois, and private Bowers detailed and sent back on recruiting service. While away from his regiment, Captain Rawlins, Assistant Adjutant-General to Brigadier-General Grant, needed clerical assistance in his office, and was advised by Colonel Haynie to detach Private Bowers. On his return this was done, and thenceforward his name became identified with the most glorious pages of his country's history.

"The order detaching him from his regiment as a clerk at General Grant's headquarters is dated January 25, 1862. He went into the field in this capacity, followed the General to Forts Henry and Donelson, and was commissioned 1st Lieutenant of his Company March 24, 1862, having again waived its captaincy in favor of the Lieutenant who had accompanied and commanded it. Lieutenant Bowers was made aide-de-camp to General Grant in orders, April 26, 1862, but his duties were in reality those of an acting A. A. G., as the business of the command had become too onerous for the single labor of Major Rawlins.

"He was appointed Captain and Aid-de-camp, November 1, 1862. "On the somewhat celebrated Tallahatchie Expedition, Captain Bowers was left at Holly Springs, in charge of the office work and official papers of the department, while the general headquarters were in advance at Oxford. He was surprised and captured at early dawn of the day the rebel General Van Dorn made his famous

BOWERS A COLONEL.

511 raid on that place, and, by his great presence of mind, was enabled to destroy and secrete the most valuable papers in his charge, during the few seconds of time that the bold riders consumed in parleying with the guard who paced in front of his door. When his captors

overpowered the sentry, and rushed into his room, the flames were consuming the official report of the location and strength of every regiment in the department. Their discomfiture was complete. No papers of importance were captured, and the rebels probably never knew how narrowly a prize had escaped them. He refused all offers of parole, and, when threatened late in the day with being dragged off by ropes at the heels of their exultant squadrons, proudly defied them to do their worst, and declared he would never disgrace himself and his general by accepting a parole that must bind him for an indefinite period, when he knew that assistance was near at hand. By some unaccountable oversight, he was allowed to escape from his guard in the afternoon, and was left free in the streets by the hastily retreating rebels. For his conduct on this occasion, he was presented with a handsome dress sword by General Grant's own hands, and received the thanks and congratulations of that distinguished chief.

"Captain Bowers was appointed Judge Advocate for the Department of the Tennessee, with the rank of Major, February 19, 1863. "When Lieutenant-Colonel Rawlins was made Brigadier-General and Chief of Staff to General Grant after the surrender of Vicksburg, Major Bowers was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General in his stead, and discharged its duties "well and faithfully" to the day of his death.

"He was brevetted Colonel of Volunteers, "for faithful and meritorious service," February 24, 1865, which ended his promotion in that line of the service.

"Until 1864, Colonel Bowers held no commission in the regular army. Anticipating the close of the war, and the consequent muster out of all volunteer officers, General Grant had Colonel Bowers appointed Captain and Assistant Quartermaster U. S. A., July 29, 1864, transferred to the Adjutant-General's branch of the service, with the rank of Major U. S. A., January 6, 1865, by which he was enabled to retain his services for life.

"His final promotions to be Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel U. S. A., by brevet, 'for gallant and meritorious services during the war,' are dated March 13, 1865, and close the official record of his brilliant promotions. History furnishes few parallels to his case. Commencing an obscure and friendless private, he rose steadily in the service without the adventitious aid of potential friends and patrons, to a rank coveted by the ablest officers in the land, and a position denied to men of eminence grown gray in serving their country." [U. S. Service Magazine.