take their seats; and after the master had looked up for a blessing, during which time they all devoutly attended, they were taught the etiquette of the table. It was indeed peculiarly pleasing to see how emalously they strove to excel, and how orderly they would wait for a dismission by the returning of thanks: A conduct which might put to the blush many of our coacomb would be infidels, who in this respect study to express their contempt of God, to display their ingratitude, and give a specimen of their politeness and superior civilization, by abrupily leaving the table before thanks are returned, and even in the presence of clergymnen. Their meals were regular, their diet wholesome, and their preparations neat and cleanly. These things, however small to us, were of the last importance; and to be particularly observed in an institution designed not only to rescue the rising race from savage manners, but also to light up beacons, by which the parents might gradually be conducted into the same field of improvement. The children were all neatly clothed, mostly in striped cotton, or plain linen, manufactured in Tennessee, and inade up by the master's wife, as each scholar stood in need. The females of my own congregation were often active in furnishing part of this supply. On the 4th of July, 1805, the whole school appeared before a large concourse of red and white people, cloathed in one of their donations. I was obliged to furnish blankets for the scholars to sleep on, as the use of beds was not known in the nation. This was an article of considerable expense, and on one occasion had nearly effected the ruin of the institution. In the fall of the year 1804, a considerable number of blankets were wanting; the money I had procured was so nearly expended, that I dared not lay it out for his article; and as by fatigues and exposures an inflammation had settled in one of my legs, which rendered it both painful and inconvenient to seek for supplies, I was reduced to considerable difficulty, until I conceived of the following expedient. In the October of this fall the annuity was distributed among the Cherokees. I then gave in the names of the children, as part of the nation, and by the influence of Col. Meigs the agent, and a principal Indian chief, I drew 20 blankets and 2 other articles; thus we had a comfortable supply for the winter. The order of the day for school exercises is nearly the following: The children rise, pray, and wash; then the school opeus by reading the scriptures, praise and public prayer; are engaged in lessons till breakfast; then have an hour for recreations; are again engaged from 9 to 12; play 2 hours; then in school tilleven ing. In the summer between sun-down and dark and 9 o'clock, they have spelling lessons, and close by singing a hymn, and prayer by the master. Then, just before the children lie down, on their knees they commit them selves to the guardian arms of their indulgent Parent, and go to rest securely ander his wing. In this order we proceeded without much deviation until the July of 1805, the school consisting of from 25 to 35 scholars. About that period the United States had authorised a treaty to be made with that nation, and appointed the place on the Highwassee river, nearly twelve miles by land below the site of my school house, 46 from S. W. Point, 20 above the mouth of the river, and 45 from Tellico block house. At this place was an assemblage of the principal chiefs of the nation, with many of the common people, and between two and three hundred white people, among whom were Gen. Smith and Col. Meigs, commissioners for the United States, and Gov. SeThere I attended with my school, consisting vier, commissioner for the state of Tennessee. then of 25 scholars, Our passage to the place was indeed romantic. Figure to your self 25 little savages of the forest, all seated in a large canoe, the teacher at one end, and myself at the other, steering our course down the stream, a distance by water of nearly 20* miles. To see the little creatures sitting neatly dressed in home-spun cotton, presented thein by the females of my white congrega tion, their hearts beating with the anticipation of their expected examination, frequently reviewing their lessons in order to be ready; then joining in anthems of praise to the Redeemer, making the adjoining hills and groves resound with the adored name of JESUSwhat heart could have possibly remained unmoved! The place of treaty was a large bower in the midst of a delightful grove, where the school was introduced, marching in procession between the open ranks of white and red spectators. Each scholar read such a portion, as was requested. The different classes then spelled number of words without the book. Specimens of their writing and cyphering were shown, and the exhibition closed by the children singing, with a clear and distinct voice, a hymn or two committed to memory. The scene was very impressive. Few of the spectators were unmoved, and many shed tears plentifully. The governor, a hardy veteran, who had often braved the dangers of war in the same forest, said to me, "I have often stood unmoved amidst showers of bullets from the Indian rifles; but this effectually unmans me. I see civilization taking the ground of barbarism, and the praises of Jesus succeeding to the war whoop of the savage." All this time the tears were stealing down his manly cheek. The effect of this exhibition was such on the red people, that they instantly requested a second establishment in the lower district of the nation. On this head I had no instructions from the committee of missions, and no appropriations for its support. My own private property was insufficient to bear the whole cost, and the necessity of extending the plan was apparent. Notwithstanding all these difficulties I resolved on the measure, and trusted for aid in the discharge of evident duty from sources directed by Providence; and by the 26th of August, I had a second school in operation, consisting of from 20 to 30 scholars. MAGNETIC NEEDLE. Non variation of Magnetic Needle in Ju marca. Mr. Robertson in a late communication made to the Royal Society, has related a remarkable circumstance in the history of the variation of the compass. Since 1660, the compass has not varied at Jamaica. It is now what it was in the times of Halley, 6 1-2 degrees east. Of the grants, a map was given upon a magnetic meridian, and the direction of the magnetic meridian remains the same. Since the original grants, new maps, upon new scales, have been constructed, and all of them are found to agree with the first maps in the direction of the magnetic meridian. If the boundary line passed through a forest of marked trees, such trees as are found are coincident with the present meridian. The districts were formerly by the cardinal points, and examined by compass, the lines are found the same. Such well attested facts discover to us how little is truly known of the science of magnetism. And as very much depends upon a full knowledge of the variation, the variation is recommended to every friend of useful discovery. During the continuance of the treaty a circumstance occurred, which, as it tends to display the sensibility of a savage conscience, and exhibit their ideas of the justice of God, deserves to be remembered. One day, while sitting at dinner, a cloud arose and portended a considerable storm. The vivid lightnings flashed furiously around, and the thunders roared at a distance. A white man by the name of Rodgers, who had long been a resident in the nation, and abandoned to every wickedness, used very profane and blasphemous expressions respecting the thunder. At length a flash of lightning struck a tree near the bower in which all were seated, and passed off without any remarkable injury, except giving all a very severe shock. Silence reigned in the whole assembly about the space of a minute, when Enotta, i. e. the Black Fox, the king of the nation, broke silence by saying, "The Great Spirit is mad at Rod-phical correspondents to favour us with their gers. The introduction of such unprincipled men into the nation is the most formidable barrier in the way of their civilization. Many benevolent persons entertain the plan of civilizing savages without the aid of conquest. A late writer allows that a few such instances havebeen unaccountably successful, but insists that those, who build their hopes on these, lay just claims to the character of romance. Had he lived in our own country, he would not have thought this so hopeless a measure. Variation of Magnetic Needle in America, The editors of the Panoplist are informed, that S. Dewitt, Esq, surveyor general of the state of New York, has lately discovered, that the variation of the magnetic needle is rapidly changing in a direction contrary to that in which it has heretofore moved. This is a singular and interesting phenomenon; and we should be obliged to any of our philoso observations upon it; noticing the time when this reversed movement commenced, the progress it has already made, the causes which have probably produced it, and any other circumstances, which may throw light on a subject of so much importance. A communication of this kind would be very acceptable to the editors, and gratifying and useful to the public. LITERARY INTELLIGENCE FROM AMERICA. Connecticut Academy. This institution originated at New Haven The Creeks and the Cherokees in the spring of 1799. About twenty gen would have turned his eye to the ungrung tlemen, among whom were the President of bow and broken arrow, to the scattered wamYale college, and the principal literary chapum and the falling wigwam, as indications racters in the town, associated, formed a plan that the character of the savage was dropping of the academy, and a constitution. In Oc off, they would then have pointed to their tober of the same year, an act of the legis houses and their barus, to their ploughs and lature was obtained, incorporating them and their harvests: to their bibles and their their associates by the name of The Con schools; and told him in good English, Seenecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences," with in all these things, which are ours, and procured by ourselves, one additional proof of the success of benevolence." the powers usually granted to similar bodies. Their stated meetings are on the fourth Tuesday of every second month, and their annual Theological Library. Another Theological Library. Another Theological Library, on a still larger scale, is now collecting in Phillips academy, at Andover, for the accommodation and benefit of the theological seminary, lately established and attached to that respectable literary institution. Orders have been sent to Europe for the purchase, to a considerable amount, of a selection of the best classical and other works, for such an institution. Criesbach's Greek Testament. Proposals are issued for printing at the uni bach's edition of the Greek Testament, with a selection of the most important various readings. The edition from which the Ame rican is to be exactly copied, was published at Leipsick in the year 1805, under the inspection, we understand, of Dr. Griesbach himself, and by its size is intended for com mon use, The objects of the academy are the promotion of every branch of science and all useful arts; but their attention has been principally directed to procure a statistical account of Connecticut. Some progress has been made in the collection of materials. A specimen of this work, comprehending a statistical account of the town of New Haven, from ma-versity press, (Cambridge, Mass.) Griesterials collected by the members belonging to that town, is now preparing for the press, and will probably be published in the ensuing spring. The academy have a small collec tion of papers on other subjects, which will probably be published during the present year. The Rev. Dr. Dwight, president of Yale college, is preparing for the press, "Observations on a series of journies through the Dr. Griesbach's accuracy, fidelity, and instates of New England and New York, industry are well known to the learned in every tended to illustrate the topography, agricul- part of Europe. He is a Lutheran by profes ture, commerce, government, literature, sion, and orthodox it is said in his religious manners, morals and religion, of those opinions; but he has no where discovered in countries." This work, we understand, is his few alterations of the received text the considerably advanced. As its plan is new, slightest bias, or want of impartiality. Marsh, its subjects various, useful and interesting, the learned commentator on Michaelis, and and its author well known in the literary now Margaret professor of divinity at Camworld, as competent to his undertaking, the bridge, loses no opportunity of praising his public may justly expect much entertainment unwearied labours of more than thirty years and instruction from this work. in this kind of criticism, his scrupulous exactness, and above all the fairness with An institution with this name has lately unbiassed judgment he has discovered in his which he has quoted authorities, and the been established in Boston, which we are decisions on the relative value of readings. happy to learn has received respectable patron- But Dr. Griesbach's edition derives a value age. One of its principal objects is "to superior to every other, from the more accucollect critical, controversial, and scarce publications in divinity, many of which are dif- years of some of the most important manurate collation, which has been made in late ficult to be found, and too expensive for an scripts, from the discovery and examination of individual to possess." By the subscriptions many others unknown to Mill and Wetstein, of proprietors, and several liberal donations, and from the aids which biblical criticism a considerable and very valuable collection of has received from the various labours of the books is already made. Among their bene-learned in the last half century. factors, the hon. Jonathan Mason is en- His edition has been long received as a stantitled to particular acknowledgments, for a dard in all the universities of Germany, and present of more than one hundred volumes. it is appealed to with confidence by theoloAbout 250 volumes have been deposited ingians in England and every part of Europe. the care and for the use of the comy Thomson's Translation of the Sacred Scrip by the corporation of "King's Chapel Among these, are a respectable number of the Christian Fathers, and other ancient divines. There is also a fine copy of Walton's Polyglott Bible, and Castell's Lexicon. The Society ask the public attention and patronage to this institution. An increase of subscribers is desired to aid in the accomplishment of the wishes of the trustees, which are, that their room in Devonshire street, may contain one of the most complete theo-States. logical libraries in the United States. They It is proposed to print the work elegantly, will gratefully accept any contributions to aid with a good type, on superfine paper, and to their purpose. tures. Proposals are issued by Thomas Dobson, of Philadelphia, for publishing by subscription, A new translation of the Sacred Scrip tures. The Old Testament, from the Greek of the Septuagint; and the New Testament, from the most correct Greek text; with occasional notes. By Charles Thomson, Esq. late Secretary to the Congress of the United have it executed with great care and accuracy. The whole will be comprised in two large quarto volumes; and to those who subscribe before the work is put to press, it will be delivered at ten dollars for each copy in boards, to be paid when the first voluine is finistred. VIEWS OF SPAIN, Taken in the Year 1895. No. II. THE SPANISH ARMY. The Spanish army had long demanded the attention of the government. The Prince of Peace, on being appointed generalissimo both" on sea and on land, directed all his efforts to establish a better organisation; and since the new ordinances he has enacted, most of the radical defects have disappeared. The Spanish army is organised as follows. Infantry of the line. Thirty eight regiments, of three battalions each. Each battalion consisting of four companies, of 84 men; 60 of whom are privates. Each battalion consequently musters 336. Total infantry of the line......... the same strength Six Swiss regiments, of two battalions of 1007 men each....... Light infantry: twelve battalions of 700 men each.. 38,304 1,008 12,084 8,400 These battalions in time of war are completed to the number of 1000 men each. Artillery: five regiments, of twelve companies each. Two companies of flying artilery are attached to each of these regiments. In time of peace, three of them consist of 1,200 men, the others consist of 9903 in ⚫ time of war these last are carried to the same number as the three first. Cavalry of the line. Twelve regiments, consisting of 100 men each: 500 men in each regiment. Total. 6,000 Light cavalry: six regiments of chasseurs, of the same strength as the heavy horse; and six regiments of hussars, the same. 'Infantry Cavalry.. Artillery.. Besides these forces, there are four regi ments of provincial grenadiers, consisting of one battalion of 700 men each; and fortytwo regiments of organised militia, of one battalion each; embodied only in time of war. Total, militia.........32,000 There are few military states in Europe which can boast a body of militia better regu lated, and more capable to inaintain that reputation of valour which the Spanish nation has acquired. In time of war the principal cities form their inhabitants into bodies of militia, (call*A milicias urbanus) for the guard of their respective cities. The generalissimo has formed a staff, a body unknown in Spain till after his appoint (when employed)...120,000 about 1,100 Do. (when unemployed) 45,000 Maréchaux de camp (when employed)... 60,000 Do. (when uneinployed) 30,000 Brigadiers 400 550 275 125 .12,000 Since the new organisation, the Spanish soldier receives a half piecette a day; about five pence English. All the salaries of the officers, from the rank of colonel, down to that of ensign, have also been raised lately; and it may be asserted that next to the English army, the Spanish is the best paid of any in Europe. The steadiness of the Hungarian in retreat, the ardour of the French in attack; passive subordination, patience past trial, sobriety, so prevalent and universal, that often, an onion will content a man, while under the hardships of a campaign, provided he have plenty of segars to smoke; courage and perseve rance, to encounter the fatigues of a march, indifference as to lying on the hard ground; such are the qualities of the Spanish soldier, without partiality we may reckon him War. among the best in Europe. Desertions are 98,200 not frequent: the men being sincerely attach12,000 ed to their country. Total.........6,000 RECAPITULATION. Peace. ..59.790 ..12,000 5,400 6,000 the bravery of Spanish soldiers. More recently still, the conquest of the lines on the Pyreneans, atchieved by 5000 men under the command of Don Antonio Ricardos; the taking of Bellegarde, by the same general; the defence of that fortress afterwards, by the Marquis of Vallesantaro; the defence of Rosas, by General Izquierdo; the storming of Castel Pignone in Navarre, by the General in Chief, Don Ventura Caro; the defence of that fontier, by the same general, who had but 8000 men under his orders, to cover thirty two leagues of country, attacked by an enemy of superior force: these are facts that corroborate my assertion. Since the reorganisation of the army, the officers are bound to follow studies, which, in time, will enable them to appear in line with success. But it is much to be wished, that coffee houses, those idle schools of dissipation and insubordination, were discouraged as much as possible | The artillery has a school at Segovia, which frequently supplies young men of much information. In general the corps of artillery is composed of men of merit; they gave full proofs of it, in the last war with the French. The engineers have also a school at Zamora: the institution is well conducted, and has furnished several officers of distinction. I shall conclude this chapter, with asserting, that the King of Spain, with his own forces, provided they be conducted by able generals and experienced oflicers, is fully equal to defend his frontiers from invasion. Two points alone can be attacked with effect, Guipuscoa and Catalonia. Sixty thousand men would be sufficient in Catalonia; forty thousand might defend Guipuscoa and Navarre; these two provinces forming but one line of defence. With respect to Arragon, ten thousand men would be perfectly equal to defend the defiles in the Pyreneans which cover that kingdom. An army of reserve of 20,000 men, destined to reinforce the active armies, might be assembled at Saragossa. The coasts of Spain are sufficiently sheltered from a descent. THE KING'S HOusehold. Seven thousand three hundred men compose the king's household; they are thus divided: four troops of life guards, of one hundred and fifty men each. The first is named the Spanish Troop the second the American; the third the Italian, and the fourth the Flemish: this last is the only one where foreigners are admitted. A company of halbert bearers, of one hundred men, is selected from among the serjeants of the Spanish and Walloon guards. Two regiments of foot guards, the Spanish and the Walloon guards. Each of these is composed of three battalions, of a thousand men each. They not only serve to guard the king's person, but are also the first to join the armies. During the last war against the English, a battalion of Walloon guards was sent to Surinam, to defend that Dutch colony. Speaking of the Walloon guards, I cannot help introducing a few particulars, respecting. a body of men who have immortalized their names by their glory and fidelity, for the space of a hundred years. Philip V. enacted, at the creation of this corps, that it should consist exclusively of officers and men natives of those provinces of France, which had been formerly under the Spanish dominion. That principle was acted upon, until the declaration of war against France. The recruiting having become impossible, at that period, and the regiment being always before the enemy, and having lost numbers of officers, and the major part of the private soldiers, Charles IV. allowed the admission of Frenchinen in general; and Spaniards, even, as officers. He also authorized the recruiting of men in foreign countries, without any distinction. This mixture has changed the esprit de corps; but, if they have lost some of their former spirit, they have still preserved the same courage and fidelity. Philip V. forgetting awhile the services his Walloon guards had performed, announced his intention of disbanding them. On which the Duke d'Havré, brother of the Count of Priego, who had raised that body of men, drew up, and laid at the feet of his Catholic Majesty, representations couched in that style of loyalty and respectful energy, which distinguished the knights of ancient times. Philip V. was struck with them; be resolved that the Walloon guards should be preserved; and they have maintained themselves ever since in spite of the incessant intrigues carried on against them. The Prince of Peace in order to disconcert those intrigue, has given that body a new formation, which secures its existence, and will procure it fresh means of evincing its courage and loyalty. When he determined on keeping up the Spanish and Walloon guards, the Prince of Peace seemed to have remembered those me morable expressions of Charles III. which comprize in themselves the history of these two regiments. Charles III. on leaving the city of Madrid, where the people had risen against the Minister Squilace, arrived, without any guards, at the Castle of Aranjuez. Having looked out of the palace windows, his uneasiness increased at the sight of bayonets, which he perceived glistering at a distance in a cloud of dust. Seized with the idea that the people of the capital were in pursuit of him, he gave instant orders for his departure. The king was in the act of getting into his carriage, when one of the officers, sent to reconnoitre, returned and told his majesty, |